Unit 1 Science and Scientists 核心词汇 练习-2022-2023学年高二英语链接教材精准练（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

核心词汇Unit1（解析版）教材核心词汇知识链接及典例解读教材核心词汇知识链接及典例解读Frustrated教材语境P2》Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.由于没人知道如何防治霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生变得沮丧。用法详解：（1）懊恼的，沮丧的（形容人或人的表情、声音等）（feelingannoyedandimpatientbecauseyoucannotdoorachievewhatyouwant)“Whenonearthwillourflightarrive?”askedJane,glancingatherwatchwithafrustratedexpression.简带着沮丧的表情看了一眼她的手表问∶"我们的航班到底什么时候会到?"Uptotwohoursofwaitingfortheexamresultsmademefrustrated.等待考试结果长达两个小时了，这使我懊恼起来。（2）失意的，不得志的（只置于名词前作定语）（unabletobesuccessfulinaparticularcareer)Hewasonceafrustratedwriter，whosefirstbookwasrejectedtwicebypublishers.他曾经是一个不得志的作家，他的第一部书曾两次被出版商拒绝出版。语境串记：Whatfrustratedmemostwasthefrustratingresultofourteam'snarrowdefeatinthefinal,afterwhichtheplayerslookedveryfrustratedandthefansleftthestadiuminfrustration.最使我沮丧的是我们的球队在决赛中的惜败这个令人沮丧的结局，之后，球员们看起来很沮丧，（他们的）球迷也沮丧地离开了体育馆。头脑风暴：Pleasewriteoutasmanyaswordsaspossiblethathavethesimilarmeaningto“frustrated”._____________________________________________________________________________答案：angry,annoyed,discouraged,upset,troubled,disturbed,depressed,disappointed情景写作令我沮丧的是，经过两个月的努力，我的英语写作水平仍然没有得到很大提升。老师发现我很沮丧，了解清楚状况后他鼓励我坚持每天用英语写日记，事实证明，这是一个有效的方法。__________________wasthataftertwomonthsofhardwork,myEnglishwritingdidn'timprovegreatlyyet.Myteacherfoundme____________________andafterlearningaboutmysituation,heencouragedmetosticktokeepingadiaryinEnglisheveryday,whichinfactprovedtobeaneffectivemethod.【答案解析】Whatwasfrustrating/Whatfrustratedme;veryfrustrated/ingreatfrustrationIntime教材语境P2》Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.后来，他成了名医，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时照料她。日用法详解轴（1）迟早，经过一段时间之后。可单独在句中作状语。（afteraperiodoftimewhenasituationhaschanged)Intime，youwillcometorealizehowmuchyourparentscareaboutyou.迟早你会意识到你的父母有多关心你。Intime，you’llappreciatethebeautyofthislanguage.总有一天你会体会到这门语言的美。（2）及时，来得及。可单独在句中作状语。（notlate;withenoughtimetobeabletodosth.)常见搭配：beintimefor..，来得及赶上……beintimetodo...及时做…….Thepaintingwassuccessfullyrepairedintimefortheopeningoftheexhibition.这幅画及时修复成功，正好赶上了展览会开幕。Theyranallthewaytothecornerjustintimetoseethebusdisappearingupthestreet.他们一路跑到转角处，正好看到公共汽车消失在街头。1.用time的相关短语完成下面的情景__________________________（曾经）JaneandIweregoodfriends.JanewasakindgirlandIoftenturnedtoherforhelpwhenIwasintroublebecauseIknewshewouldsolvetheproblems_______(及时）.Janewasclever，and_____________________（同时）shewashard-working.Shelikedfinishingherhomework____________________（提前）sothatshecouldhavetimetopractisewriting.Janealsolikedwalking.____________________（有时）wetookawalkalongtheriveraftersupper.2.语法填空①Theydislikedtheirstepmotheratfirst.However,withtheirstepmothercaringmoreaboutthem,theyacceptedher____________________time.②Theyflewthereinorderthattheymightbeintime_____________（attend)theopeningceremony.③Someoftheboyswerelate,butalltheotherswereintime_____________themeeting.【答案解析】Atonetime;intime;atthesametime;aheadoftime;Fromtimetotime/Attimes①in②toattend③forInfection教材语境P2》Theotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.另一种看法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。用法详解》infectionn.【C】传染病，感染;【U】传染，感染Earinfectionsarecommoninpreschoolchildren.耳部感染在学龄前儿童中很常见。Therearemanythingsyoucandotoreduceyourriskofinfection.你可以采取很多措施来降低自己被感染的风险。语法填空1.The______________(infect)seemsquitemild,sosheshouldbebettersoon.2.Theofficialsaysthatfewpeopleareinfected_______________thevirusowingtotheeffectiveprevention.3.Whenapersonhasan______________(infect)disease,heisusuallyseparatedfromothers.【答案解析】1.infection。句意∶这次感染好像很轻，所以她应该很快就会好起来。2.with。句意;那个官员说由于有效的预防，很少有人感染这种病毒。3.infectious。句意∶人患传染病时通常要与他人隔离。Subscribedto教材语境P2》Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。用法详解（1）同意，赞成（此时to为介词，后跟view，belief，theory等名词作宾语）Weirsubscribestotheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.韦尔赞同孩子们能从独立中获益这一观点。（2）定期订购;定期捐助Areyougoingtosubscribetothefashionmagazines?你要订阅这些时装杂志吗?Shesubscribestoanenvironmentalactiongroup.她定期给一个环境行动组织捐款。语境串记：Timputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldsubscribetosomemagazineswhichareusefulforourworkandthedepartmentmanagersubscribedtohissuggestion.蒂姆建议我们订阅一些对我们的工作有用的杂志，部门经理赞成他的建议。归纳拓展：相关词语积累subscribevi.定期订购（或订阅等）;定期交纳（会员费），定期捐助subscribern.【C】订阅人，订购者;定期捐款者，定期捐助者选择下列句子中subscribeto的含义Sinceyou'rebuildingalotoffurniture,youshouldsubscribetothenewwoodworkingmagazinethatcomesouteverymonth._____________________2.Billandhiswifesubscribetotheviewthatdiscipliningchildreninanyway,shape,orformwillharmtheiremotionaldevelopment._____________________3.Thiscompanysubscribestoaninternationalcharity._____________________A.toagreewithorsupportanopinion,atheory,etc.B.topaymoneyregularlytoreceiveanewspaper,amagazine,etc.C.topaymoneyregularlytobeamemberofanorganizationortosupportacharity【答案解折】1.B2.A3.Cblame用法详解：vt.责怪，指责，把……归咎于blame...forsth.常见搭配blamesth.on...把某事归咎于…betoblamefor（doing）sth.因（做）某事应受责备;对（做）某事负有责任（不定式用主动形式表示被动意义）》Onceyouformthehabitofblamingsomebodyorsomethingelseforabadsituation,youarealoser.你一旦养成把不好的情况归咎于其他人或事的习惯，就是一个失败者。Someexpertsblamedthedeathofalltheplantsonacertainraredisease.有些专家把所有这些植物的死亡归咎于某种罕见的疾病。Thehotweatherispartlytoblameforthewatershortage.炎热的天气是缺水的部分原因。（2）n.【U】责任，责备take/beartheblameforsth.承担某事的责任常见搭配lay/puttheblame（forsth.）on.把（对某事的）责任归咎于.....Wewerereadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.我们准备对所发生的事承相责任。Healthofficialsputtheblameforthediseaseonpoorhousingconditions.卫生官员们将该疾病归咎于恶劣的住房条件。语境串记：Heisblamedforthebigmistake,butheblamesitonothers.Infact,itishe,notothers，thatistoblameforit.他因这次大错受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上是他，而不是别人，该对此负责。考向解析：高考通常从以下几个角度设题对blame进行考查∶（1）toblame作表语时要用主动形式表示被动意义;（2）通过非谓语动词结构对blame进行考查;（3）blame后的介词既可以用on又可以用for，on表示责怪的对象，for表示责怪的原因。1.语法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone_______________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakeningself-controlandself-disciplineare_____________(blame).②Don'talwaysblameyourownfailure____________others.Youshouldtaketheblame______it.=3\*GB3③______________(blame)fortheaccident,thedrivercouldn'tgetawaywithit.=4\*GB3④（全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解七选五改编）Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorning,andputtheblame____________thealarmclock.读后续写（使用blame，intime，suspect，frustrated，subscribeto等词汇）Asagreenlivinglover,Iliketogrowplantsathome,whichgivesmemuchpleasure,butlastmonth,someofthembegantowither（枯萎）.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案解析】1.①for;toblame②on;for③Blamed=4\*GB3④on2.Ifeltfrustratedatfirst,wonderinghowitcameabout.Mywifesuggestedthattheplantsneedwatering,butIdidn'tsubscribetoher,statement.Isuspectedthatlackoftheflowofairwastoblamefortheirwithering.Thus,Itriedtokeepseveralwindowsopenforabout.twohoursinthemorning.Severaldayslater,somewitheredplantsbegantorecover.Intime,Ifoundthatplantsneedair,water,sunlightandgoodsoiltogrow.What’smore教材语境P2:Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.而且，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后也因霍乱而死。用法详解:whatismore意为"更有甚者，更为重要的是，此外，而且"，相当于besides，moreover，furthermore，inaddition等，可放在句首或句中（放在句中时常与and连用）。》Electriccarsareenvironmentallyfriendly.What'smore,theyareusuallycheaperthantraditionalcars.电动汽车是环保的，而且通常比传统的汽车便宜。Shelearnsveryquickly，andwhat'smore，sherememberswhatshehaslearnt.她学得很快，而且能记住所学的内容。点纳拓展》相关知识积累∶what'sworse更精糕的是（相当于tomakemattersworse）Itwasverycoldlastnight。andwhat'sworse，itwassnowing.昨天晚上很冷，更糟糕的是，还下.着雪。写作升级（把下面两句话整合成一句）Thesharedbikeshavebecomemoreandmorepopularbecausetheyarecheapandconvenienttouse.Thesharedbikesareenvironmentallyfriendly,too._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案解析】Thesharedbikeshavebecomemoreandmorepopularbecausetheyarecheapandconvenienttouse,andwhat'smore,theyareenvironmentallyfriendly.link教材语境P3》Moreover，SnowwaslaterabletoshowalinkbetweenothercasesofcholeraandthedifferentwatercompaniesinLondon。此外，斯诺后来还发现了其他霍乱病例与伦敦的不同供水公司之间的联系。用法详解（1）n.【C】关系，纽带;联系，连接常见搭配>alinkbetween….（and.）（……与）……之间的联系/纽带Socialcustomsprovideavitallinkbetweengenerations.社会风俗在代与代之间起到了极其重要的纽带作用。There'sadirectlinkbetweendietandheartdisease.日常饮食与心脏病之间有直接的关系。Scientistswonderwhetherthereisalinkbetweenthetwospecies.科学家想知道这两个物种之间是否有关联。（2）vt.联系;把（物体、机器、地方等）连接起来linkAto/withB将A与B联系/连接起来常见搭配belinkedto/with...与……有联系/有关Thatcountryhasbuiltasea-crossingbridge，whichlinkstheislandtothemainland.那个国家修建了一座跨海大桥，将那座岛和大陆连接了起来。Yellowisusuallylinkedwithconfidence，self-respectandfriendliness.黄色一般与自信、自尊和友好联系起来。归纳拓展相关知识积累∶"将………和……连接起来"还可以用connect…to/with..和join.…to..来表达。1.语法填空①（浙江高考阅读理解七选五改编）Therelationshipsyoudevelopnowwillprobablybelinked________theonesyouvaluelater,sobewiseaboutthepeoplewhoyouinvestyourselfin.②__________(link)theprintertothecomputer,Ibegantotypemyreportoutfortheconference.=3\*GB3③____________(link)closelywithmanystudents'poorperformanceatschool,smartphonesarebannedinsomeschools.2.情景写作研究者发现经常在外吃饭与体重的增长有直接的联系。Researchershavefoundthat___________________________________eatingoutfrequentlyandtheincreaseinweight.【答案解析】1.①to/with。此处表示你现在发展的关系可能和你以后珍视的那些人有关。②Havinglinked。link与主语I之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式作状语。③Linked。link与主语smartphones之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填Linked。2,thereisadirectlinkbetweendecrease教材语境P3》ThroughSnow'stirelessefforts，watercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater,andthethreatofcholeraaroundtheworldsawasubstantialdecrease。通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售洁净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。用法详解n.【C，U】减少，降低，减少量adecreasein...在…方面减少常见搭配onthedecrease在减少Wehaveseenamarkeddecreaseinthenumberofaccidentssincethesesafetymeasuresweretaken.自从采取了这些安全措施，我们已经看到事故数量显著下降了。Thedemandforteaisonthedecreaseinthisarea.这一地区的茶叶需求量在减少。（2）vt.&vi.减少，降低decreaseto...减少到……（表示减少后的结果）decreaseby..减少了……（表示减少的程度）常见搭配：decreasefrom...to...从……减少到……decreasein..在…·方面减少§decreaseto后常接具体数字，decreaseby后常接分数或百分数。Peopleplantedtreesonthewastehillstodecreasewaterandsoilloss.人们在荒丘上种植了树木，以减少水土流失。Thepriceofwheatdecreasedby15%lastyear.去年小麦的价格降低了15%。Thenumberofnewstudentsdecreasedfrom210to160thisyear.今年新生人数从210减少到了160。Thatmagazinehasdecreasedinsize，butnotinquality.那份杂志版面已缩小，但质量并未降低。相关词语积累;（反义词）increasevi.&vt.&n.【C，U】增加，增多increaseby....增加了......increaseto....增加到…..increasefrom...to....从…增加到…ontheincrease在增加1.语法填空①（2021·四川成都外国语学校月考）Asthegraphicshows,retailsalesthisyeardecreased_______20percent.②Anydecrease__________tourismcouldhaveaseriouseffectonthelocaleconomy.=3\*GB3③Fortunately,thenumberofcyclistsrunningtheredlightis________________thedecrease.2.完成句子①失业率已经降至最低水平。Therateofunemployment_______________________thelowestlevel.②新的法律已经生效，现在这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。Thenewlawhascomeintoeffect,andthenumberofwildanimalshereis__________________now.【答案解析】1.①by②in=3\*GB3③on2.①hasdecreasedto②increasing/ontheincreasecharacteristics教材语境P5》Thismixoftheoryanddataisoneofthekeycharacteristicsofwhatwecallscience.这种理论和数据的结合是我们称之为科学的关键特征之一。（1）n.【C】特征，特点Acharacteristicofthecamelisitsabilitytoliveforalongtimewithoutdrinkingwater.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水也能活很长时间。（2）adj.典型的，独特的，特有的becharacteristicof.（=betypicalof.）是……特有的常见搭配Itischaracteristicofsb.todosth.（=Itistypicalofsb.todosth.）做某事正像是某人的作风。..ThesweetvoiceischaracteristicofourEnglishteacher.甜美的嗓音是我们英语老师的特征。相关词语积累∶charactern.【C，usuallysing，U】特征，特色;【C，usuallysing.】品质，性格;【C】人物，角色;（书写、印刷或计算机上的）文字，字母>Elizabethisthemostinterestingcharacterintheplay.伊丽莎白是该戏剧中最有趣的人物。语法填空1.ItischaracteristicofJack___________(turn)upatthelastminute,whichofcourse,makestherestofusratherannoyed.2.Thecreamyrichnessischaracteristic_____________thecheesefromthisregion.3.（江苏高考任务型阅读改编）Despitetheirmanydifference,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefining__________(characteristic),suchaslargebrainsandtheability_______(walk)uprightontwolegs.【答案解析】1.totum。句意∶在最后一刻出现正是杰克的作风，这当然使我们其余的人相当生气。2.of。句意∶奶味浓郁是该地区出产的奶酪的特色。3.characteristics;towalkGetdownto教材语境P5》Thiswaswhenyoushouldhavecalmeddownandgotdowntodoingsomesolidwork。那时，你们想必已经冷静下来，开始做一些实实在在的工作了。用法详解：getdownto意为"开始做，开始认真注意（或对待）"，其中to是介词，其后接名词、代词或v-ing。I’vegotalotofworktodo，butIcan'tseemtogetdowntoit.我有好多工作要做，可我好像就是没法认真做。It'shightimethatwegotdowntothinkingaboutourfuturecareers.是到了我们开始考虑未来职业的时候了!用get的相关短语完成句子1.（湖北高考单项填空改编）I’vebeentryingtophoneCharlesllevening,buttheremustbesomethingwrongwiththenetwork;Ican'tseemto___________________________.2.（江西高考单项填空改编）Anyway，wereherenow,solet's____________someseriouswork.3.Idon'tthinkMrTyler'slecture_________________thestudents,fortheyappearsquitepuzzled.4.Thataccidenttotallyupsetourarrangementsandcausedalotofproblems,whichwefounddifficultto_______________________.【答案解析】1.getthrough2.getdownto3.gotacrossto4.getover/throughHonour教材语境P8》On31October2009，thewholecountrywassaddenedbyQian'sdeath，andpeoplehonouredandrememberedhimindifferentways.2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国上下悲痛不已，人们用各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。用法详解（1）vt..尊敬，尊重（某人）;给予表扬（或奖励、头衔、称号）honoursb.with…..以……向某人表示敬意;以表扬/奖励某人常见搭配be/feelhonouredthat...因………而感到荣幸be/feelhonouredtodosth.因做某事而感到荣幸Theyhonouredmewithaseatattheheadofthetable.他们让我坐在桌子的上首，以示对我的尊敬。ShehasbeenhonouredwiththeStaroftheWeekforherexcellentwork.因为出色的工作，她荣获"每周之星"的称号。Ifeelhonouredtohavebeenabletotakeonthisrole.能够担当这一角色，我感到荣幸。（2）n.【U】尊敬，尊重;【sing.】光荣，荣幸;【sing.】引起尊敬的人（或事物）inhonourofsb.（=insb.'shonour）为向某人表示敬意;为纪念某人常见搭配havethehonourof（doing）sth.得到某殊荣/有幸做某事Itisanhonour（forsb.）todosth.（对某人来说）做某事是种荣幸。Wehadagreatpartytoshowhonourtothefamousscientists.我们举办了一个盛大的晚会以表示对著名科学家们的敬意。ThehospitalwasfoundedinhonourofthenurseNightingale.这家医院是为纪念护士南丁格尔而建立的。MayIhavethehonourofdancingwithyou?能赏光和我跳舞吗?Itisagreathonour-formetobeheretosharewithyoumyopinionsonwhattolearninseniorhighschool.能在这里和你们分享我关于高中应该学什么的看法，我感到非常荣幸。出药拓膜相关词语积累∶honourableadj.光荣的，可敬的;品德高尚的It'shonourabletoearnalivingwithyourownhands.靠自己的双手来养活自己是光荣的。1.语法填空①Thenewly-discoveredstarwasnamed_____________aChineseastronomer___________honourofhiscontributionstoastronomy.②TuYouyouwashonoured_____________theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein2015.=3\*GB3③Ifeelgreatlyhonoured______________(give)suchachancetoexpressmythankstothoseinsupportoftheprojectallthetime.2.完成句子受邀参加他们下个月的婚礼，我们感到荣宰。_________________totheirweddingceremonywhichwilltakeplacenextmonth.【答案解析】1.①after;.…after…表示"以……命名……";inhonourof.表示"为纪念…"。②with。honoursb.with...表示"以……向某人表示敬意"。③tobegiven。feelhonouredtodosth.表示"因做某事而感到荣幸"。Ⅰ与give之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填tobegiven。2.Weare/feelhonouredtobeinvited或It'sanhonourforustobeinvited一．单词拼写1.Thedamagecausedbytheearthquakewassos___________thatitmighttakeyearstorebuildthecity.2.Ikeepgettingc_________advice—somepeopletellmetokeepitwarmandsometellmetoputiceonit.3.Researchersclaimtohavefoundthep___________thatgettingaregulareight-hoursleepeverynightmakesarealdifferencetoourhealth.4.Thankstothestrictenvironmentalprotectionlaw,thepasttenyearshaveseenadramaticd___inplasticwaste.5.（北京阅读理解改编）Inaworldthatwarmsupby3℃，itfoundthat__________（多种多样的）changestothecolouroftheoceanswouldoccur.6.Accordingtothelatestrule,peopleshallsort________（家庭）garbageintofourcategories.7.Ididn'tknowhowto________________（应对）thesituation，butanideasuddenlystruckmethatIcouldturntomybestfriendforhelp.8.Whattheymaynotknowisthatsomebottledwatermaynotbeas________（干净的）astheyexpect.9.Oursmallgestureofgoodwillinourdailylifecanmakea____________（重大的）differenceinbuildingaharmonioussociety.10.Whatwasitthatmadeher______________（改变）fromanordinarywomanintoasuccessfullady?答案：单词拼写1.severe2.contradictory3.proof4.decrease5.multiple6.household7,handle8.pure9.substantial10.transform二．语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.How__________________itwasthatIwastypinganurgentreportwhenthecomputerbrokedown.Isatstillonmychair,__________,wonderingwhattodo.MybrothersawItappingonthetablein___________________andsuggestedusinghiscomputertofinishthereport.(frustrate)2.Thefellowhasbeensuspected_____________emailfraud（诈骗）。—Nowadayscybercrimeisdevelopingatanamazingrate.3.Ithasbeenclearthatthisdiseaseishighly_________,whichcanmakepeople_______throughtheair,butthe________________cannotbefoundwithinseveraldays.(infect)4.Ihavesubscribed_______________twonewspapers,onemorningpaperandoneeveningpaper.5.—It'smymother'sfaultthatmyroomisinamess—Nonsense!Yourmotherisnot____________(blame)foryourlaziness.6.Thebossblamedthedelayoftheplan_____________thesecretary.7.Yourbehaviourisindirect______________(contradict)totheprinciplesyou'claimtostickto.8.Whenhewasreadytoleavehefoundhisbicycle'sfronttyreflat.Hehadtolookforaplacealongthestreettohavehisbicycle_______________(repair).9.—Excuseme,whereisRoom301?—Justaminute.I’llhaveBob____________(show)youtheroom。10.Theexpertsaysthatnowadaystherearetoomanyproblemswhicharelinked_______poordietandlackofexercise.11.Thefogwasveryheavyand_________________(consequent)alltheflightswerecancelled.12.Theysaythenumberofpenguinshasdecreased______________thirtypercentsince1987.13.Therewasaslightdecrease___________________hisweightafteraweek'sdieting.14.（浙江高考阅读理解改编）In1928HerbertHooverimaginedanAmericawith"achickenineverypotandacarineverygarage."Sincethen,thissocietyhasmovedonward,neverlookingback,asthecartransformedAmericafromafarm-basedsociety__________________anindustrialpower.15.（浙江阅读理解改编）Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareas___________treeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.16.TheGreatWallis_______________awell-knowntouristattractionthatmillionsofpeoplevisititeveryyear.Ⅱ.语法填空1.frustrating;frustrated;frustration2.of3.infectious;infected