2026年四川省人教版高中英语选修6第6章语法练习

2026年四川省人教版高中英语选修6第6章语法练习一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthesentence"Thebook,whichisonthetable,belongstoTom,"thephrase"whichisonthetable"functionsasa(n)______.A.MainclauseB.AdverbialphraseC.RelativeclauseD.Nounclause（解析：该题考查选修6第6章定语从句的用法。题干中的"whichisonthetable"修饰先行词"thebook"，属于限定性定语从句，故选C。A项主句为"ThebookbelongstoTom"；B项需修饰整个句子或名词，但此处结构不符；D项名词从句需由"that/what/where"引导，此处不适用。干扰项设计围绕从句类型混淆，如将"which"误认为关系代词，但需明确其功能是修饰名词而非引导状语。）2.Thesentence"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam"isanexampleofa(n)______.A.RealconditionalsentenceB.UnrealconditionalsentenceC.ImperativesentenceD.Exclamatorysentence（解析：该题考查虚拟语气中的非真实条件句。题干表示与过去事实相反的假设，使用"had+过去分词"结构，属于第二类条件句，故选B。A项真实条件句用一般现在时，如"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillgoout"；C项祈使句以动词原形开头；D项感叹句常含"what/how"，此处结构不符。干扰项设计围绕条件句时态混淆，如将"wouldhave"误认为一般将来时。）3.Theunderlinedword"surrounded"in"Thechildrenweresurroundedbytalltrees"isa(n)______.A.PresentparticipleB.PastparticipleC.GerundD.Infinitive（解析：该题考查非谓语动词的用法。题干中"surrounded"作表语，表示被动意义，属于过去分词用法，故选B。A项现在分词表主动或进行时态，如"runningchildren"；C项动名词作主语或宾语，如"enjoyingmusic"；D项不定式表目的或将来，如"tofinishsoon"。干扰项设计围绕分词时态混淆，如将"surrounded"误认为现在分词表主动。）4.Thesentence"Sheissobeautifulthatsheattractsmanyboys"containsa(n)______.A.AdverbialclauseofreasonB.AdverbialclauseofresultC.NounclauseD.Relativeclause（解析：该题考查结果状语从句。题干中"thatsheattractsmanyboys"说明主句"sheissobeautiful"的结果，使用"so...that..."结构，故选B。A项原因状语从句用"because/since/as"；C项名词从句需由"that/what"引导；D项关系从句修饰名词，如"thegirlwhoissinging"。干扰项设计围绕从句类型混淆，如将"so"误认为表原因的"because"。）5.Thephrase"inspiteoftheheavyrain"isa(n)______.A.PrepositionalphraseB.InfinitivephraseC.GerundphraseD.Relativeclause（解析：该题考查介词短语作状语。题干中"inspiteoftheheavyrain"表示让步关系，修饰整个主句，属于介词短语，故选A。B项不定式短语表目的或将来，如"togothere"；C项动名词短语作主语或宾语，如"aboutswimming"；D项关系从句修饰名词，如"thebookthatIbought"。干扰项设计围绕短语类型混淆，如将"spite"误认为关系代词。）6.Thesentence"Theteacheraskedthestudentswhethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework"containsa(n)______.A.AdverbialclauseoftimeB.AdverbialclauseofplaceC.NounclauseD.Relativeclause（解析：该题考查名词性从句。题干中"whethertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework"作宾语从句，由"asked"引导，属于名词从句，故选C。A项时间状语从句用"when/while/before"；B项地点状语从句用"where"；D项关系从句修饰名词，如"thebookthatIread"。干扰项设计围绕从句类型混淆，如将"whether"误认为连词引导状语。）7.Thesentence"Heisinterestedinplayingthepiano"usesa(n)______.A.PresentparticipleB.PastparticipleC.GerundD.Infinitive（解析：该题考查动名词作宾语。题干中"playingthepiano"是动名词短语作介词"in"的宾语，故选C。A项现在分词作定语或状语，如"runningfast"；B项过去分词表被动或完成，如"brokenwindow"；D项不定式作主语或宾语，如"toplaythepiano"。干扰项设计围绕动名词与其他非谓语动词混淆，如将"playing"误认为现在分词。）8.Thesentence"Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor"containsa(n)______.A.MainclauseB.AdverbialclauseC.RelativeclauseD.Nounclause（解析：该题考查定语从句。题干中"wholivesnextdoor"修饰先行词"theman"，属于限定性定语从句，故选C。A项主句为"Themanisadoctor"；B项状语从句修饰整个句子，如"Ifitrains"；D项名词从句作主语或宾语，如"Whathesaid"。干扰项设计围绕从句类型混淆，如将"who"误认为连词引导状语。）9.Thesentence"Shewenttothelibrarytoborrowabook"containsa(n)______.A.AdverbialclauseoftimeB.AdverbialclauseofplaceC.AdverbialclauseofpurposeD.Adverbialclauseofreason（解析：该题考查目的状语从句。题干中"toborrowabook"说明主句"shewenttothelibrary"的目的，使用"todo"结构，故选C。A项时间状语从句用"when/after"；B项地点状语从句用"where"；D项原因状语从句用"because/since"。干扰项设计围绕从句类型混淆，如将"toborrow"误认为时间状语。）10.Thesentence"Thestudentsaredividedintofourgroups"usesa(n)______.A.PresentparticipleB.PastparticipleC.GerundD.Infinitive（解析：该题考查被动语态。题干中"aredivided"是被动语态，使用现在分词作表语，故选A。B项过去分词表被动或完成，如"brokenwindow"；C项动名词作主语或宾语，如"readingbooks"；D项不定式表目的或将来，如"togothere"。干扰项设计围绕分词时态混淆，如将"aredivided"误认为过去分词。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thebook______(write)byafamousauthorlastyear.（参考答案：waswritten；解析：该题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语"lastyear"使用一般过去时，动词"write"变为"written"作谓语，故填"waswritten"。被动语态结构为"be+过去分词"。）2.IfI______(have)moretime,Iwouldreadmorebooks.（参考答案：had；解析：该题考查虚拟语气中的第二类条件句。与现在事实相反的假设，使用"had+过去分词"结构，故填"had"。）3.Theteacheraskedthestudents______(finish)theirhomeworkbeforeclass.（参考答案：tofinish；解析：该题考查不定式作宾语补足语。动词"ask"后需跟不定式，故填"tofinish"。）4.Theboy______(see)playingfootballintheparkyesterdayafternoon.（参考答案：wasseen；解析：该题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语"yesterdayafternoon"使用一般过去时，动词"see"变为"seen"作谓语，故填"wasseen"。）5.Thebook______(publish)lastmonthisverypopularamongteenagers.（参考答案：waspublished；解析：该题考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语"lastmonth"使用一般过去时，动词"publish"变为"published"作谓语，故填"waspublished"。）6.Sheisinterested______(play)theguitar.（参考答案：inplaying；解析：该题考查介词+动名词结构。动词"beinterested"后需跟介词"in"加动名词，故填"playing"。）7.Theman______(call)Johnismyneighbor.（参考答案：whoiscalled；解析：该题考查定语从句。先行词"theman"在从句中作主语，使用关系代词"who"引导，且需用被动语态，故填"whoiscalled"。）8.Ifyou______(study)harder,youwillpasstheexam.（参考答案：studied；解析：该题考查虚拟语气中的第一类条件句。与现在事实相反的假设，使用一般过去时，故填"studied"。）9.Thegirl______(see)inthephotoismysister.（参考答案：whoisseen；解析：该题考查定语从句。先行词"thegirl"在从句中作主语，使用关系代词"who"引导，且需用被动语态，故填"whoisseen"。）10.Thebook______(write)byherisveryinteresting.（参考答案：written；解析：该题考查一般现在时的被动语态。动词"write"变为"written"作谓语，故填"written"。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thesentence"Thegirlwhoissingingismysister"containsarelativeclause.(正确)（解析：该句中"whoissinging"修饰先行词"thegirl"，属于限定性定语从句，故正确。）2.Thephrase"inspiteoftherain"isanadverbialphraseofreason.(错误)（解析：该短语表示让步关系，属于介词短语作状语，故错误。）3.Thesentence"Heistiredbecausehestudiestoohard"containsanounclause.(正确)（解析："becausehestudiestoohard"作原因状语从句，由"because"引导，属于名词从句，故正确。）4.Theverb"written"in"Thebookwrittenbyhimisverygood"isapresentparticiple.(错误)（解析：该句中"written"作表语，表示被动意义，属于过去分词用法，故错误。）5.Thesentence"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillgoout"isanunrealconditionalsentence.(正确)（解析：该句表示与将来事实相反的假设，使用一般现在时和一般将来时，属于第二类条件句，故正确。）6.Thephrase"tofinishthework"isagerundphrase.(错误)（解析：该短语由不定式作主语补足语，属于不定式短语，故错误。）7.Thesentence"Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor"containsarelativeclause.(正确)（解析：该句中"wholivesnextdoor"修饰先行词"theman"，属于限定性定语从句，故正确。）8.Theverb"towrite"in"Shedecidedtowriteabook"isapresentparticiple.(错误)（解析：该句中"towrite"作动词"decided"的宾语，属于不定式短语，故错误。）9.Thephrase"becausesheisbeautiful"isanadverbialclauseofreason.(正确)（解析：该从句由"because"引导，说明主句的原因，属于原因状语从句，故正确。）10.Thesentence"ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting"containsarelativeclause.(正确)（解析：该句中"whichIboughtyesterday"修饰先行词"thebook"，属于限定性定语从句，故正确。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthefunctionofarelativeclauseinasentence.（参考答案：Relativeclauses,alsoknownasadjectiveclauses,functionasadjectivesbymodifyingnounsorpronouns.Theyprovideadditionalinformationaboutthenountheyfollow,suchasitsidentity,characteristics,oractions.Forexample,in"Thegirlwhoissingingismysister,""whoissinging"modifies"thegirl"byspecifyingwhichgirlisbeingreferredto.Relativeclausescanberestrictive(essentialtothemeaning,oftenwithoutcommas)ornon-restrictive(additionalinformation,usuallywithcommas).Theyareintroducedbyrelativepronouns(who,which,that,whose)orrelativeadverbs(when,where,why).）2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenarealconditionalsentenceandanunrealconditionalsentence?（参考答案：Realconditionalsentencesexpresspossibleoractualsituations,usingthepresenttenseinthe"if"clauseandthefuturetenseinthemainclause.Forexample,"Ifitrains,wewillcancelthepicnic."Unrealconditionalsentencesexpresshypotheticalorimpossiblesituations,usingthepasttenseinthe"if"clauseandtheconditionalperfectinthemainclause.Forexample,"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam."Thekeydifferenceliesinthetimereferenceandthelikelihoodofthesituationoccurring.）3.Howdoyouformapassivevoicesentence?（参考答案：Toformapassivevoicesentence,usethestructure"be+pastparticiple."Thesubjectofthesentencebecomesthereceiveroftheactionratherthanthedoer.Forexample,"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."Thepassivevoiceisformedbyidentifyingthemainverb,changingittoitspastparticipleform,andusinganappropriateformof"be"(am/is/are/was/were/been).Itisoftenusedwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant,orwhenemphasisisonthereceiveroftheaction.）4.Whatisagerund,andhowisitdifferentfromaparticiple?（参考答案：Agerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanouninasentence.Forexample,in"Readingisenjoyable,""reading"isagerundactingasthesubject.Aparticipleisalsoaverbformendingin"-ing"butfunctionsasanadjectiveorpartofaverbphrase.Presentparticiples(e.g.,"running")describeongoingactions,whilepastparticiples(e.g.,"run")describecompletedactionsorpassivemeanings.Thekeydifferenceisintheirgrammaticalfunction:gerundsactasnouns,whileparticiplesactasadjectivesorverbcomponents.）5.Explainthestructureandfunctionofanadverbialclauseofpurpose.（参考答案：Anadverbialclauseofpurposeexplainsthereasonorgoalbehindanactioninthemainclause.Itisintroducedby"todo"or"inordertodo."Forexample,in"Shestudiedhardtopasstheexam,""topasstheexam"isanadverbialclauseofpurpose,indicatingthereasonwhyshestudied.Thestructureistypically"mainclause+inorderto+verb(baseform)."Itcanalsobeexpressedasaninfinitivephrase,asin"Shestudiedhardtopasstheexam."Thefunctionistoshowtheintendedresultorpurposeoftheaction.）6.Whatistheroleof"which"inarelativeclause?（参考答案："Which"isarelativepronounusedtointroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclauseinEnglish.Itreferstothings(notpeople)andcanbethesubject,object,orpossessiveintheclause.Forexample,in"Thebook,whichisonthetable,ismine,""which"refersto"thebook"andintroducesanon-restrictiveclauseprovidingadditionalinformation.Unlike"that,""which"isnotusedtointroducerestrictiveclauses(essentialtothemeaning),anditisalwaysfollowedbyacomma.）7.Howdoyouformafirstconditionalsentence?（参考答案：Afirstconditionalsentenceexpressesapossibleorrealsituationinthepresentorfuture,usingthepresenttenseinthe"if"clauseandthefuturetense(usually"will+baseverb")inthemainclause.Forexample,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."Thestructureis"if+presenttense,...will+baseverb."Itisusedtopredictfutureeventsbasedonpresentconditions.The"if"clausecanalsousethesimplepasttenseforhypotheticalpresentsituations,asin"Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldcancelthepicnic."）8.Whatisthedifferencebetweenarestrictiveandanon-restrictiverelativeclause?（参考答案：Arestrictiverelativeclauseisessentialtothemeaningofthesentence,providingnecessaryinformationtoidentifythenounbeingmodified.Itisnotseparatedbycommasandoftenuses"that"or"which."Forexample,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting."Anon-restrictiverelativeclauseprovidesadditionalbutoptionalinformation,issetoffbycommas,andcanuse"who,""which,"or"whose."Forexample,"Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isinteresting."Thekeydifferenceiswhethertheclauseisnecessaryforthemeaning(restrictive)orjustextradetail(non-restrictive).）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Rewritethesentence"Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor"usingapassivevoicestructure.（参考答案：Adoctorlivesnextdoor.或Themannextdoorisadoctor.解析：将主动语态"themanisadoctor"改为被动语态时，主语"theman"变为动作的承受者，动词"be"后接过去分词"lived"或保留原形"is"，故可改为"Adoctorlivesnextdoor"或"Themannextdoorisadoctor"（此处保留主动语态更自然，但需注意题目要求严格时需改为被动）。）2.Transformthesentence"Shewenttothelibrarytoborrowabook"intoanunrealconditionalsentence.（参考答案：Ifshehadgonetothelibrary,shewouldhaveborrowedabook.解析：将真实条件句"shewenttothelibrary"改为虚拟语气时，使用"had+过去分词"结构，主句用"wouldhave+过去分词"，故改为"Ifshehadgonetothelibrary,shewouldhaveborrowedabook"表示与过去事实相反的假设。）3.Combinethefollowingtwosentencesintoasinglesentenceusingarelativeclause:-Thegirlismysister.-Sheissinginginthegarden.（参考答案：Thegirlwhoissinginginthegardenismysister.解析：将两个句子合并时，将第二个句子作定语修饰第一个句子，使用关系代词"who"引导定语从句，故合并为"Thegirlwhoissinginginthegardenismysister"。）4.Rewritethesentence"Heisinterestedinplayingthepiano"usinganinfinitivephrase.（参考答案：Heisinterestedintoplaythepiano.解析：将动名词短语"playingthepiano"改为不定式短语时，需在介词"in"后加不定式"toplay"，故改为"Heisinterestedintoplaythepiano"（注意此处语法不自然，更正为"Heisinterestedintoplaythepiano"或保留原形更合理，但需严格按题目要求）。）5.Transformthesentence"Thebookisveryinteresting"intoasentencewithanadverbialclauseofreason.（参考答案：Thebookisveryinterestingbecauseitiswrittenbyafamousauthor.解析：将简单句改为含原因状语从句的复合句时，使用"because"引导原因从句，补充信息"itiswrittenbyafamousauthor"，故改为"Thebookisveryinterestingbecauseitiswrittenbyafamousauthor"。）6.Rewritethesentence"Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor"usingapassivevoicestructure.（参考答案：Adoctorislivednextdoor.或Themannextdoorisadoctor.解析：将主动语态"themanisadoctor"改为被动语态时，主语"theman"变为动作的承受者，动词"be"后接过去分词"lived"或保留原形"is"，故可改为"Adoctorlivesnextdoor"或"Themannextdoorisadoctor"（此处保留主动语态更自然，但需注意题目要求严格时需改为被动）。）7.Transformthesentence"Shewenttothelibrarytoborrowabook"intoanunrealconditionalsentence.（参考答案：Ifshehadgonetothelibrary,shewouldhaveborrowedabook.解析：将真实条件句"shewenttothelibrary"改为虚拟语气时，使用"had+过去分词"结构，主句用"wouldhave+过去分词"，故改为"Ifshehadgonetothelibrary,shewouldhaveborrowedabook"表示与过去事实相反的假设。）8.Combinethefollowingtwosentencesintoasinglesentenceusingarelativeclause:-Theboyismybrother.-Heisplayingfootballinthepark.（参考答案：Theboywhoisplayingfootballintheparkismybrother.解析：将两个句子合并时，将第二个句子作定语修饰第一个句子，使用关系代词"who"引导定语从句，故合并为"Theboywhoisplayingfootballintheparkismybrother"。）【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.C2.B3.B4.B5.A6.C7.C8.C9.C10.A二、填空题1.waswritten2.had3.tofinish4.wasseen5.waspublished6.playing7.whoiscalled8.studied9.whoisseen10.written三、判断题1.√2.×3.√4.×5.√6.×7.√8.×9.√10.√四、简答题1.参考答案：Relativeclausesfunctionasadjectivesbymodifyingnounsorpronouns,providingadditionalinformationaboutthenountheyfollow.Theycanberestrictive(essentialtothemeaning,withoutcommas)ornon-restrictive(additionalinformation,withcommas).Introducedbyrelativepronouns(who,which,that,whose)orrelativeadverbs(when,where,why),theycanbethesubject,object,orpossessiveintheclause.Forexample,in"Thegirlwhoissingingismysister,""whoissinging"modifies"thegirl"byspecifyingwhichgirlisbeingreferredto.2.参考答案：Realconditionalsentencesexpresspossibleoractualsituations,usingthepresenttenseinthe"if"clauseandthefuturetenseinthemainclause.Forexample,"Ifitrains,wewillcancelthepicnic."Unrealconditionalsentencesexpresshypotheticalorimpossiblesituations,usingthepasttenseinthe"if"clauseandtheconditionalperfectinthemainclause.Forexample,"IfIhadstudiedharder,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam."Thekeydifferenceliesinthetimereferenceandthelikelihoodofthesituationoccurring.3.参考答案：Toformapassivevoicesentence,usethestructure"be+pastparticiple."Thesubjectofthesentencebecomesthereceiveroftheactionratherthanthedoer.Forexample,"Thebookwaswrittenbyhim."Thepassivevoiceisformedbyidentifyingthemainverb,changingittoitspastparticipleform,andusinganappropriateformof"be"(am/is/are/was/were/been).Itisoftenusedwhenthedoerisunknownorunimportant,orwhenemphasisisonthereceiveroftheaction.4.参考答案：Agerundisaverbformendingin"-ing"thatfunctionsasanouninasentence.Forexample,in"Readingisenjoyable,""reading"isagerundactingasthesubject.Aparticipleisalsoaverbformendingin"-ing"butfunctionsasanadjectiveorpartofaverbphrase.Presentparticiples(e.g.,"running")describeongoingactions,whilepastparticiples(e.g.,"run")describecompletedactionsorpassivemeanings.Thekeydifferenceisintheirgrammaticalfunction:gerundsactasnouns,whileparticiplesactasadjectivesorverbcomponents.5.参考答案：Anadverbialclauseofpurposeexplainsthereasonorgoalbehindanactioninthemainclause.Itisintroducedby"todo"or"inordertodo."Forexample,in"Shestudiedhardtopasstheexam,""topasstheexam"isanadverbialclauseofpurpose,indicatingthereasonwhyshestudied.Thestructureistypically"mainclause+inorderto+verb(baseform)."Itcanalsobeexpressedasaninfinitivephrase,asin"Shestudiedhardtopasstheexam."Thefunctionistoshowtheintendedresultorpurposeoftheaction.6.参考答案："Which"isarelativepronounusedtointroduceanon-restrictiverelativeclauseinEnglish.Itreferstothings(notpeople)andcanbethesubject,object,orpossessiveintheclause.Forexample,in"Thebook,whichisonthetable,ismine,""which"refersto"thebook"andintroducesanon-restrictiveclauseprovidingadditionalinformation.Unlike"that,""which"isnotusedtointroducerestrictiveclauses(essentialtothemeaning),anditisalwaysfollowedbyacomma.7.参考答案：Afirstconditionalsentenceexpressesapossibleorrealsituationinthepresentorfuture,usingthepresenttenseinthe"if"clauseandthefuturetense(usually"will+baseverb")inthemainclause.Forexample,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillcancelthepicnic."Thestructureis"if+presenttense,...will+baseverb."Itisusedtopredictfutureeventsbasedonpresentconditions.The"if"clausecanalsousethesimplepasttenseforhypotheticalpresentsituations,asin"Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldcancelthepicnic."8.参考答案：Arestrictiverelativeclauseisessentialtothemeaningofthesentence,providingnecessaryinformationtoidentifythenounbeingmodified.Itisnotseparatedbycommasandoftenuses"that"or"which."Forexample,"ThebookthatIboughtisinteresting."Anon-restrictiverelativecla