2025-2026年四川省人教版高二英语必修二第四章课后练习题

2025-2026年四川省人教版高二英语必修二第四章课后练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit4,whatisthemainpurposeoftheenvironmentalprotectioncampaignlaunchedbyGreenpeace?A.Topromotetheuseofdisposableplasticproductsforconvenience.B.Toraisepublicawarenessaboutthedangersofplasticpollutioninoceans.C.Toencouragegovernmentstoimposestrictertaxesonrenewableenergycompanies.D.Toadvocateforthecompletebanofallsyntheticmaterialsworldwide.解析：正确答案为B。根据教材第四章内容，Greenpeace的环保活动主要聚焦于塑料污染对海洋生态的破坏，通过宣传和行动呼吁公众减少塑料使用。选项A与环保目标背道而驰，选项C和D涉及无关主题，选项B准确概括了活动宗旨。2.Thereadingpassagementionsthat"biodegradableplastics"areanalternativetotraditionalplastics.Whatdoesthistermmostlikelymeanaccordingtothecontext?A.Plasticsthatcanberecycledintonewproductswithoutenergyinput.B.Plasticsthatbreakdownnaturallyintheenvironmentovertime.C.Plasticsthatbecomemoredurablewhenexposedtosunlight.D.Plasticsthataremadefromrenewableresourceslikecornstarch.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章解释了生物可降解塑料的特性，即能在自然环境中分解，减少污染。选项A描述的是回收过程，选项C和D涉及其他塑料特性，与生物降解无关。3.Intheunit,astudentnamedLilyconductedanexperimenttotestthewaterqualityinherlocalriver.Whatshouldsheincludeinherreporttomakeitscientificallyvalid?A.Onlypersonalopinionsabouttheriver'scolorandsmell.B.DetailedmeasurementsofpHlevels,turbidity,andchemicalcontaminants.C.Photosoftheriverbankbutnodataonpollutionsources.D.Aconclusionthattheriveris"clean"withoutanysupportingevidence.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章强调科学实验需客观数据支撑，如pH值、浊度等指标。选项A缺乏量化分析，选项C和D忽视关键信息，选项B符合科学报告要求。4.Theunitintroducestheconceptof"carbonfootprint."Whichofthefollowingactivitieswouldmostlikelyreduceanindividual'scarbonfootprint?A.Drivingagasoline-poweredcartoschooleveryday.B.Usingpublictransportationorcyclinginsteadofdriving.C.Buyingmoreelectronicdevicestostayupdatedwithtechnology.D.Leavinghomelightsonfor24hourstopreventfreezing.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章指出减少碳排放可通过绿色出行实现，选项A增加排放，选项C和D与环保背道而驰，选项B符合低碳生活方式。5.Thepassagediscussestheroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalprotection.Whichpolicywouldmostdirectlyaddresstheissueofplasticwaste?A.Offeringsubsidiesforfossilfuelproduction.B.Implementingabanonsingle-useplasticsinmajorcities.C.Reducingtaxesonplasticmanufacturingcompanies.D.Encouragingtheuseofcoal-poweredenergyplants.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章提到政府可通过限制一次性塑料来减少污染，选项A和D加剧环境问题，选项C与环保目标不符，选项B是典型政策措施。6.Agroupofstudentsintheunitorganizeda"ZeroWasteWeek"attheirschool.Whichofthefollowingactionswouldbemosteffectiveinachievingtheirgoal?A.Encouragingstudentstothrowalltrashinthenearestbin.B.Promotingtheuseofreusablebags,bottles,andcontainers.C.Donatingallschoolsuppliestoreducewasteproduction.D.Askingteacherstoassignmorewrittenhomeworktominimizepaperuse.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章强调减少浪费需从源头控制，选项A和D效果有限，选项C与目标无关，选项B符合零废弃理念。7.Theunitincludesacasestudyaboutacommunitythatsuccessfullyreduceditswaste.Whatwasakeyfactorintheirsuccess?A.Relyingsolelyongovernmentenforcementwithoutpublicparticipation.B.Encouragingrecyclingandcompostingprogramsfororganicwaste.C.Increasingthenumberof垃圾桶(litterbins)tocollecttrash.D.Punishingresidentsforimproperwastedisposal.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章指出社区成功减废的关键在于分类回收，选项A和D缺乏群众基础，选项C效果有限，选项B符合实践案例。8.Thereadingpassagementionsthat"renewableenergy"isbetterthan"non-renewableenergy."Whatdoesthiscomparisonmainlyfocuson?A.Thecostofproductionbetweensolarpanelsandwindturbines.B.Theenvironmentalimpactoffossilfuelsversuscleanenergy.C.Theefficiencyofenergystorageinmodernpowerplants.D.Theavailabilityofresourcesindifferentcountries.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章对比了化石能源与可再生能源的环境影响，选项A和C涉及技术层面，选项D与主题无关，选项B是核心差异点。9.Astudentintheunitwroteanessayaboutclimatechange.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbemostappropriatefortheintroduction?A."Climatechangeisjustatheorythatscientistsmadeuptogetfunding."B."Manypeopleignoreclimatechangebecauseitseemsfaraway."C."Theriseinglobaltemperaturesisaseriousthreattoourplanet."D."Idon'tbelieveinclimatechangebecauseIlikesummerweather."解析：正确答案为C。教材第四章强调气候变化的严重性，选项A和D否定科学事实，选项B回避问题，选项C符合学术写作规范。10.Theunitconcludeswithadiscussionabouthowindividualscanmakeadifference.Whichofthefollowingactionsismentionedasmostimpactful?A.Watchingenvironmentaldocumentariesbutnottakingaction.B.Participatinginlocalclean-upcampaignsandadvocacy.C.Buyingexpensiveeco-friendlyproductstoshowsupport.D.Postingenvironmentalfactsonsocialmediadaily.解析：正确答案为B。教材第四章强调实践行动的重要性，选项A和C流于表面，选项D效果有限，选项B符合教材倡导的参与方式。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.AccordingtothepassageinUnit4,theterm"biodegradable"referstomaterialsthatcan______naturallyovertime.2.Thereadingsuggeststhatreducingacarbonfootprintinvolvesdecreasingtheamountof______releasedintotheatmosphere.3.Intheexperimentdescribedintheunit,measuringthepHlevelofriverwaterhelpsdeterminethe______ofthewater.4.Theunitintroducestheconceptofa"zerowastelifestyle,"whichmeansminimizingtheuseof______andmaximizingrecycling.5.Agovernmentpolicythatbanssingle-useplasticsisanexampleofa______measuretocombatpollution.6.ThecasestudyinUnit4showsthatcommunity-basedrecyclingprogramscansignificantly______wasteproduction.7.Renewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowerareconsideredbetterthannon-renewableonesbecausethey______harmfulemissions.8.Theunitemphasizesthatenvironmentalproblemsrequirebothindividual______andcollectiveefforts.9.Astudent'sreportonwaterpollutionshouldincludedataon______,turbidity,andchemicalcontaminants.10.Thepassagementionsthat"greenconsumption"involveschoosingproductswithalower______impact.解析：11.decompose12.greenhousegases13.quality14.disposableitems15.regulatory16.reduce17.produce18.responsibility19.acidity20.ecological三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThepassageinUnit4statesthatallplasticsareequallyharmfultotheenvironmentbecausetheyneverbreakdown.(×)解析：教材指出并非所有塑料都有害，生物可降解塑料可分解，该说法错误。2.Acarbonfootprintiscalculatedbymeasuringtheamountoftreesapersonplantsinayear.(×)解析：教材定义碳足迹为个人活动产生的温室气体排放量，与植树无关，该说法错误。3.Theunitsuggeststhatgovernmentpoliciesalonecansolveenvironmentalproblemswithoutpublicparticipation.(×)解析：教材强调政府与公众需协同行动，该说法忽视了群众力量，错误。4.Biodegradableplasticsaremadefromrenewableresourceslikecornstarch.(√)解析：教材第四章解释此类塑料可生物降解，常使用可再生原料，该说法正确。5.Reducingwasteproductionismoreeffectivethanrecyclingbecauseitpreventspollutionatthesource.(√)解析：教材强调源头减量优于末端处理，该说法符合环保理念，正确。6.ThecasestudyinUnit4showsthatacommunityreduceditswasteby70%inoneyearthroughstrictenforcement.(×)解析：实际案例中减废效果需结合具体数据，教材未明确70%数据，该说法可能夸大，错误。7.Renewableenergysourcesareconsideredsustainablebecausetheydepleteovertimelikefossilfuels.(×)解析：教材定义可再生能源可持续利用，与化石能源不同，该说法混淆概念，错误。8.Theunitmentionsthat"greenconsumption"encouragesbuyingmoreproductstoreducewaste.(×)解析：教材解释绿色消费是理性选择环保产品，而非盲目消费，该说法错误。9.Astudent'sexperimentonriverwaterqualityshouldincludesubjectiveobservationslike"thewaterlooksdirty."(×)解析：科学报告需客观数据，主观描述不可取，该说法错误。10.ThepassageinUnit4suggeststhatclimatechangeisnotaseriousissuebecauseitaffectspolarregionsonly.(×)解析：教材强调气候变化全球影响，该说法忽视普遍性，错误。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthedifferencebetween"biodegradableplastics"and"traditionalplastics"intermsofenvironmentalimpact.参考答案：-生物可降解塑料在自然条件下可分解为无害物质，减少长期污染；传统塑料（如聚乙烯）难以降解，形成微塑料污染。解析：教材第四章对比两类塑料的降解特性及生态后果，需结合化学和环境角度说明差异。2.Describethreewaysindividualscanreducetheircarbonfootprintaccordingtotheunit.参考答案：3.使用公共交通或自行车替代私家车；4.减少能源消耗，如随手关灯；5.选择低碳饮食，减少肉类消费。解析：教材列举个人减碳措施，需从出行、能源、饮食等维度展开。6.WhyisitimportanttomeasurethepHlevelofriverwaterinenvironmentalstudies?参考答案：pH值反映水体酸碱度，过高或过低会危害水生生物，影响生态系统平衡，是评估水质的关键指标。解析：教材强调pH值对水生生态的指示作用，需结合生物学知识说明。7.Whatdoestheterm"zerowastelifestyle"mean,andhowcanitbeachieved?参考答案：指通过减少消费、重复使用、分类回收等方式最大限度减少垃圾产生，需从源头控制、循环利用实现。解析：教材定义零废弃理念，需结合实践方法说明。8.Howdogovernmentpoliciescontributetoenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtotheunit?参考答案：通过立法限制污染、补贴环保产业、推广清洁能源等政策手段，强制或引导社会行为向环保方向转变。解析：教材讨论政府角色，需列举典型政策工具说明。9.Explainwhyrenewableenergysourcesareconsideredmoresustainablethannon-renewableones.参考答案：可再生能源（如太阳能）取之不尽，非可再生资源（如煤炭）有限且开采破坏环境，前者符合长期发展需求。解析：教材对比两类能源的资源和环境影响，需突出可持续性维度。10.Whatis"greenconsumption,"andhowdoesitdifferfromregularconsumption?参考答案：绿色消费指选择环保、低碳产品，减少资源浪费，而普通消费可能忽视产品全生命周期环境影响。解析：教材定义绿色消费概念，需与常规消费行为对比。11.Whyispublicparticipationessentialforsolvingenvironmentalproblems?参考答案：政府政策需民众支持才能落实，个人行动汇聚可形成社会压力，共同推动环保进步。解析：教材强调社会协同，需结合政策执行和公民责任说明。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Asmalltownproduces500tonsofwastemonthly,including200tonsofsingle-useplastics.Thelocalgovernmentplanstobanplasticbagsandencouragerecycling.a)Whatenvironmentalbenefitscouldthispolicybring?b)Whatchallengesmightthetownfaceinimplementingthispolicy?参考答案：a)减少塑料污染，保护土壤和海洋生态；节约资源，降低处理成本。b)商家初期投入增加，居民需适应新习惯，需配套回收设施和宣传。解析：教材讨论政策影响，需从生态、经济、社会多维度分析。2.Scenario:Astudentwantstowriteanessayonclimatechangeforclass.a)Whatkeyargumentsshouldtheyinclude?b)Howcantheymaketheiressaypersuasive?参考答案：a)科学数据（如温度上升）、案例（如极端天气）、解决方案（如减排政策）。b)引用权威研究，结合个人观察，提出具体行动建议。解析：教材强调论据和逻辑，需结合学术写作规范说明。3.Problem:Acommunityriverhashighlevelsofchemicalpollutants.a)Whatcausesthispollution?b)Whatactionscanresidentstaketoimprovewaterquality?参考答案：a)工业废水、农业农药、生活污水排放。b)推广生态农业，减少化学品使用；建立污水处理系统；参与清洁活动。解析：教材讨论污染源治理，需结合源头控制和公众参与说明。4.Task:Designaone-week"ZeroWasteChallenge"foraschool.a)Listthreeactivitiesstudentscanparticipatein.b)Howwouldyoumeasurethechallenge'ssuccess?参考答案：a)使用可重复餐具，自带购物袋，旧物改造手工课。b)统计垃圾减量百分比，回收率，学生反馈。解析：教材倡导实践活动，需结合可操作性说明。5.Question:Comparetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsolarenergyandwindenergy.参考答案：太阳能：取之不尽，但受天气影响；风能：效率高，但需大片土地。解析：教材对比两种能源特性，需突出优缺点平衡分析。6.Challen