新人教版高考英语必修二 Unit4知识点归纳+同步语法

新人教版必修二Unit4知识点归纳一、重点单词puzzle

n.谜，智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑1.不知如何是好，感到困惑；inapuzzle2.解开谜团；solveapuzzle3.带着疑惑的表情:wearapuzzledexpression4.令人费解的事实；apuzzlingfactBegingninganewlifeinanewplacecanbeverypuzzling.belong

vi.应在（某处）；适应归属感:asenseofbelonging这是谁的课本？Whodoesthistextbookbelongto?他是高尔夫球俱乐部的成员。Hebelongstothegolfclub.温馨提示：belongto不用于进行时态也没有被动语态。类似用法的还有takeplace,occur,happen等。defend

v.防御，保护，辩解，辩护保卫......免受......defend...against/from...→defencen防御；保卫1.为保卫......；为......辩护indefenceof...2.为某人辩护inone’sdefence有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护？Whatpointscanberaised

indefenceofthisargument.温馨提示：与defend...from/against...用法类似的还有：prevent...(from)...;stop...(from)...;keep...from...;protect...from/against...等，在被动语态中from都不可省略。surround

vt.围绕；包围1.用......包围......surround...with…..2.和......在一起，与......为伍:surroundoneselfwith…..→surrounding附近的，四周的周围环境:surroundingenvironment→surroundings环境（复数）1.欣赏环境:enjoy/admirethesurroundings2.美丽的环境:beautifulsurroundings3.适应新环境:be/getusedtothenewsurroundings.evident

adj.明显的，显然的她显然不开心。Itwasevidentthatshewasunhappy.→evidencen.证据，根据，证明1.寻找证据:lookfor/searchforevidence2.找到证据:findevidence3（出庭）作证:giveevidence4.医学证据:medicalevidence5.有力的证据:strongevidence6.一项证据:apieceofevidenceachievement

n.成就；成绩；达到1.取的成就；makeanachievment2.某人在某方面的成就:one’sachievementin

3.在做某事方面取得成就:makeanachievementindoingsth4.伟大的、了不起的成就：agreat/remarkableachievement→achievevt.实现；（经过努力）取得，达到→achievableadj.可实现的，可达到的:fascinating

adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的1.迷人的地方；afascinatingplace2.引人入胜的故事:afascinatingstory3.看上去、听起来迷人:look/soundfascinating

4.令某人着迷:befascinatingtosb5.看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。It’sfascinatingtosee

howdifferentpeopleapproachtheproblem.charge

n.收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电1.收他十美元修自行车费:charginghim10dollarsforrepairinghisbike.2.指控他超速:chargehimwithspeeding3.免费:freeofcharge请问我可以和国际销售部的负责人说话吗？CouldIspeaktowhoeveris

inchargeof

internationalsales,please.你知道琳达是否愿意负责这个节目吗？DoyouknowifLindaiswillingto

takechargeof

theprogram?announce

vt.宣布；通知；声称1.向某人宣布......announcesthtosb2.据宣布itisannouncedthat...3.正如宣布的那样asisannouncedAttheendofthemeeting,

itwasannounced

(announce)that

anagreementhadbeenreached.→announcementn.通知，公告官方公告:anofficialannouncementamount

n.金额；数量1.大量地、少量地

inlarge/smallamounts.在这么短的时间内他几乎不能做完这些工作。Hardlycouldhegetthrough

thisamountofwork

insuchshorttime.Alargeamountoftime

hasbeenspent

infinishingthistasksofar.approach

n.方法；途径；接近vt接近；接洽；着手处理

vi靠近1.走近房子approachthehouse2.看到、听到......接近see/hearsb/sthapproaching3.容易接近、难以接近beeasy/difficulttoapproach4.处理问题approachtheproblem/matter5.......的来临theapproachof….6.做某事的方法anapproachtodoingsth7.在快到......的时候attheapproachof...温馨提示-表示“方法、方式”的短语荟萃：approachto(doing)sth.inthiswaytodo/ofdoingsth.withthismethodofdoingsth.ina...mannerofdoingsth.

generous

adj.慷慨的；大方的；丰富的1.对某人很慷慨begenerousto2.乐于做某事begenerousin3．在某方面很大方:begenerouswithsth4.某人做某事真是慷慨。Itisgenerousofsbtodosth.没有你的慷慨帮忙，我不可能熬过那段痛苦的日子。Icouldn’thavegonethroughthatbitterperiod

withoutyourgeneroushelp.→generouslyadv.慷慨大方地→generosityn.慷慨；大方eager

adj.热切的；渴望的1.渴望做某事；beeagertodosth2.渴望得到某事:beeagerforsth3.He’sabrightkindandeagertolearn.beeagerthat

希望；渴望。此时从句谓语一般用“should＋动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，should可以省略。→eagerlyadv.热切地，渴望地They’reeagerlywaitingforthebigday.→eagernessn.热切，渴望Peoplewerepushingeachotheroutofway

intheireagernesstoget

tothefront.greet

vt.问候；迎接1.迎接客人greetguests2.在机场迎接某人greetsbattheairport3.向某人点头致意greetsbwithanod.WheneverImeether,whichwasfairlyoften,she

greetedmewith

asweetsmile.→greetingn.问候；打招呼crowd

n.

人群；一群人；民众

vt.挤满；使......拥挤1.一群、成群的人:acrowdof/crowdsofpeople2.在机场迎接某人:inthecrowd3．挤进、涌入纽约中心:crowdintothecenterofnewnetwork4.涌入某人的心头:crowdedintoone’smind→crowded拥挤的，挤满的挤满......becrowdedwithIncrowded

(crowd)placeslikeairportsandrailwaystation,youmusttakecareofyourluggage.二、重点短语1.

besimilarto与......相似(1)在某方面相似besimilarin(2)与......相同；thesameas(3)与......不同:bedifferentfrom(4)在......方面不同；bedifferentinHerideas

arequitesimilarto

mine.Thetwocars

areverysimilarin

sizeanddesign.2.beconfusedby

对......感到困惑(1)变得困惑:become/getconfused(2)困惑的感情:aconfusedexpression(3)把A和B弄混；confuseAwithBAlltheroadslookedthesameandhe

feltconfused.注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。Becarefulnotto

confusequantitywithquality.3.

join..to..把......和......连接或联结起来(1)Connect…..with/to......把......跟......联系起来(2)与......“有关系、有联系多种表达：Berelatedto;belinkedwith/tobeinvolvedin;beassociatedwith;havesomethingtodowith(3)Youhavetojointhesmallerpieceofwoodtothemainpart.4.

breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；背叛；逃脱；克服（习惯）(1)打碎；分裂；（会议或聚会）结束，散会；（团体）解散:breakup(2)出故障；垮掉；失败:breakdown(3)突破:Breakthrough(4)（战争、火灾）突然发生、爆发:breakout上周史密斯家的汽车被撬了。TheSmithshadtheircarbrokenintolastweek.那位老人不在家时，窃贼闯进屋里了。Thieveshadbrokeinwhiletheoldmanwasaway.5.

resultin

结果为；导致；(1)由于；源自:resultfrom(2)结果，因此:asaresult

(3)作为......、的结果asaresultof(4)我们还在处理过去的因失误所造成的问题。Wearestilldealingwithproblemsresultingfromerrorsmadeinthepost.6.aswellas

同（一样也）；和；还(1)Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell(2)Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteamwasinterviewedshortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.(3)Thistrainingprogramcangiveyouagiftatwork,aswellasincreaseyourincomeby40%.7.leavebehind

落下、忘带；留下；把......抛在后面(1)把我的伞落在火车上:leavemyumbrellabehindonthetrain.(2)动身去北京；leaveforBeijing(3)不要打扰我:leavemealone(4)省去具体细节:leaveoutdetails(5)漏掉一个字母:leaveoutaletter(6)他动身前往华盛顿，把几个孩子留给了他的母亲。HesetoffforWashington,leavingthechildrenbehindhismother.8.datebackto

起源于，追溯到(1)这所学院创办于中世纪。Thecollegedatesbacktomedievaltimes.(2)这些可以追溯到1855年的石阶开始出现磨损。Thestonesteps,datingbackto1885.Arebeginningtowear.9.keepyoureyesopen(for)keepyoueyesout(for

)

留心；留意(1)吸引某人的注意:catchone’seye(2)注视，盯着看:fixone’seyeson(3)照看；留意；密切注意:keepaneyeon(4)对......有鉴赏力；haveaneyefor.(5)直视某人:looksbintheeye10.

offersbsth

向某人提供某物；offersthtosb(1)愿意、主动提出做某事:offertodosth(2)提供帮助、提出建议:offerhelp/advice(3)“提供给某人某物”的表达：providesbwithsth/providesthforsbSupplysbwithsth/supplysthtosb(4)-whydidyouhavetheposition?I

wasofferedabetterpositionatIBM.11.makeup

组成，构成；编造；化妆；弥补<1>组成一个队：makeupateam<2>编故事：makeupastory<3>编借口：makeupanexcuse<4>在镜子前化妆：makeupbeforethemirror<5>弥补损失：makeupfortheloss12.breathein

吸气；吸入(1)深呼吸：breathedeeply(2)呼气；呼出（气体）；breatheout(3)松一口气:breatheasighofrelief

(4)深吸一口气:takeadeepbreath(4)屏住呼吸；屏息以待；holdone’sbreath(5)上气不接下气；outofbreath三、重要句型1.

musthavebeen一定做过某事(1)我一定是在上历史课的那一部分时睡着了。Imusthavebeenasleepinthatpartofourhistoryclass.(2)汤姆上班从来不迟到。为什么他今天缺席了？-Tomisneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday？他一定是发生了什么事？-somethingmusthavehappenedtohim.2.sb/sthislikelytodosth某人、某物有可能做某事(1)你定能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。Youaremorethanlikelytoexperiencelocalcultureandcustomsfirst-hand….(2)如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你就更有可能发展与他人和睦相处的能力。Ifyougrowupinalargefamily,youaremorelikelytodeveloptheabilitytogetonwellwithothers.新人教版•必修二Unit4：过去分词作定语和宾补过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作。规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成；不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则。过去分词一般在句子中可以用作定语、宾语补足语、表语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。一．过去分词作定语的用法（一）过去分词作定语的位置1.一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即

放在被修饰词之前。

注意：有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。tiredvisitors疲惫的游客awell-organisedtrip组织有序的旅行beautifullydressedstars衣着华丽的明星Thediseasewascausedbypollutedwater.

这种疾病是由污染了的水造成的。Wefinishedtheruninlessthanhalfthetime

allowed.我们用了不到规定时间的一半就跑完了。Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是那些被邀请的人之一。2.过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在被修饰词之后。

visitorstiredofthelongwait厌倦了漫长等待的游客atriporganisedwellbymyworkplace我的工厂安排得很好的旅行starsdressedbeautifullyattheevent在活动中打扮得很漂亮的明星Theriverpollutedby

dailywasteisnowdirtyandsmelly.

被日常废物污染的河水现在脏且难闻。

（二）过去分词作定语的时态和语态1.

及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成。被修饰词是其逻辑主语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成。过去分词作定语时，相当于定语从句。过去分词（短语）作非限定性定语，相当于非限定性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。Idon'tlikethebook

written

byMartin(=whichwas

writtenbyMartin).

我不喜欢马丁写的这本书。ItisahousebuiltbytheRomans（=

whichwasbuilt

bytheRomans）.

这是罗马人建的房子。Theproblem,

discussedyesterday

(=which

wasdiscussedyesterday）,hasbeen

solved.

昨天讨论的问题被解决了。Theyusethe

sameflag,knownastheUnionJack

（=whichisknownastheUnionJack）.

他们使用同一面国旗，被称为“英国国旗”。2.

不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。fallen

leaves落下的叶子

boiled

water

开过的水the

developed

countries

发达国家

注意：过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语，和被修饰词构成主动关系，且该动作正在进行，即表“主动、进行”；

过去分词作定语，和被修饰词构成被动关系，且该动作已经完成，即表“被动、完成”。Theworkers

building

thehouses

workdayandnight.正在建房子的工人日夜工作。（workers和build是主动关系）Thehouses

built

lastyear

areforthevillagers.去年建成的房子是给村民的。（houses和build是被动关系）

二．过去分词作宾语补足语的用法“及物动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系。1.用于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe,watch,think等表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacar

justnow.刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。Whenhewokeupinthehospital,hefound

himselfsurroundedbydoctorsandnurses.

当他在医院醒来时，他发现自己被医生和护士包围着。2.用于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役动词后作宾语补足语。

Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstill

couldn'tmakehimselfheard.

演讲者提高嗓音但还是不能让听众听到他的声音。Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天拔了牙。Theyhadcastlesbuiltallaround

England.

他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡。3.用于wish,want,wouldlike,expect,order等表示“意欲”“命令”的动词后面作宾语补足语。

Thebossorderedtheplancarriedoutas

soonaspossible.

老板命令计划尽可能块地被执行。Thefatherwantshisdaughtertaught

Japanese.这位父亲想让女儿学日语。4.用于with复合结构中作宾语补足语。With

theworkfinished,hewentoutforawalk.工作完成了，他到外面散步去了。Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhis

handstiedbehindhisback.

凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。

注意：过去分词和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：过去分词done作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成被动关系；现在分词doing作宾语补足语，表示与宾语构成主动关系。Iheard

her

singing

anEnglishsongwhenIpassed

by.

当我从旁经过时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。Ioftenheard

the

Englishsong

sung

byyoung

peopleattheparty.

我经常听到这首英文歌被年轻人在聚会时唱起。Itwascold,andshehad

thefire

burning

dayandnight.

天很冷，她让炉火日夜烧着。Ihad

mycar

repaired

lastweek.

我上周找人修理了汽车。【巩固练习】一．用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Themountainvillage________（surround）bybeautifulnaturallandscapelooksamazing.2.Thefamily'sancestorsonceattendedto________（wound）soldiersintheFirstWorldWar.3.Theyoungpeople________（attract）bythelegendofLochNesswatchedoverthelakewiththeircamerasandbinoculars________（position）onthehill.4.JudyandIhadourcar________（park）inanundergroundcarparknearTrafalgarSquare,wherewecouldgetourcarbattery________（charge）.5.Whenwefinallyreachedtheservicedesktoaskforaudioguides,weheardit________（announce）thattherewerenoaudioguidesleft.6.Judyhadhereyes________（fix）onVanGogh'sSunflowers.Itwashardtoapproachthepaintingasthereweresomanypeoplearound.7.Shehadacopyofthepainting________（box）toensurethatitwasdeliveredsafely.8.Thescientistattendedthemeeting______(hold)intheGreatHallofthePeople.9.LinjiangBridge_____(build)inashapeoffishinWuhu,AnhuiProvincewasputintousein2008.10.Withallthetasks_____(finish)aheadoftime,hedecidedtosetoutonhistravel.11.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_________

(remind)ofhisowndreams.12.Clairehadherluggage________(check)anhourbeforeherplaneleft.13.

JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish____(improve)inashortperiod.14.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone______(call)forhelp?15.Sofar,about40houseshavefallendownundertheweightofthesnow,with22people_______（injure）.二.

单项选择1.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke______frombehindthehouse.A.rose

B.rising

C.torise

D.risen2.Theisland,

_______tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.

A.joining

B.tojoin

C.joined

D.havingjoined3.TsinghuaUniversity,

______in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.found

B.founding

C.founded

D.tobefounded4.Theplayers

_______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.Aselecting

Btoselect

Cselected

Dhavingselected5.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_____fromthelibrary.

A.toborrow

B.tobeborrowed

C.borrowed

D.borrowing6.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney______inthelibrary.

A.discovered

B.tobediscovered

C.discovering

D.havingdiscovered7.Forbreakfastheonlydrinksjuicefromfreshfruit_____onhisownfarm.

A.grown

B.beinggrown

C.tobegrown

D.togrow8.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,

______

inasmallapartmentnearBostonand______whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wondering

B.lived;wondering

C.lived;wondered

D.living;wondered9.Withthegovernment’said,those_____bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.

A.affect

B.affecting

C.affected

D.wereaffected

10.Thetrees

______inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.A.beingblowndown

B.blowndown

C.blowingdown

D.toblowdown11．Itisoneofthefunniestthings_______ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.finding

B.beingfound

C.tofind

D.found12.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.

A.tobecompleted

B.havingbeencompleted

C.completed

D.beingcompleted13.Peterreceivedaletterjustnow_______hisgrandmawouldcometoseehimsoon.

A.said

B.says

C.saying

D.tosay14.“Things_________nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.

A.lost

B.losing

C.tolose

D.havelost15．I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition_______

inyesterday’sChinaDaily.A.advertised

B.tobeadvertised

C.advertising

D.havingadvertised16.Alexandertriedtogethiswork____inthemedicalcircles.

A.torecognize

B.recognizing

C.recognize

D.recognized17.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic

______smoothly.

A.beingrun

B.run

C.torun

D.running

18.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish______

asmuchaswecan.A.speak

B.speaking

C.spoken

D.tospeak19.Ismellsomething__________inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?

A.burning

B.burnt

C.beingburnt

D.tobeburnt20.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice______him.

A.calling

B.called

C.beingcalled

D.tocall【答案及解析】一．1.surrounded2.wounded3.attracted；

positioned4.par