北京市西城区2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试题（含答案）

北京西城区2025-2026学年高一下学期期末英语试题一、完形填空Whentheseaturtledidn’tdive,HerbandRhondaknewsomethingwaswrong.InAugust2022,thecouplewasoutontheirboatfishingintheChesapeakeBaynearthemouthoftheChoptankRiverwhenHerbbrieflysawaseaturtleatthe1ofthewater.RhondahadneverseenaseaturtleintheBaybeforeandwantedtogetacloserlook—maybeeventakea2—sotheyturnedback,hopingtheymightseeitagain.3,theturtlestayedinthesameplace,not4evenwhentheydrewnear.5,HerbandRhondacalledtheMarylandDepartmentofNaturalResources.TheDNRhelpedthem6theNationalAquariumAnimalRescue.Herbsentphotosandvideosoftheanimaltotheorganizationanditsmanager,KateShaffer,whoaskedhimtorecordhowoftentheturtlewasbreathing.Basedonthe7,Katerealizedtheturtlewasin8andneededimmediaterescue.Becausetheseaturtlewassolarge,theaquariumteam9helpfromtheMarylandNaturalResourcesPolicetobringitashore.HerbandRhondastayedbesidetheturtlefortwohourswhilethepoliceteamrushedtothescene.“Ourboathasanelectricmotor,sowecouldfloatbesideitwithoutdisturbingitandkeepaclose10,”Herbsaid.Rhondakeptspeaking11totheturtle,reassuringitthathelpwasontheway.ThepolicebroughttheturtletoshoreandmetKate.Sheconfirmedthatitsvitalsignswerenormal,soitcouldbetransportedtoBaltimore.There,rescueandveterinarystaffcarriedoutacomprehensive12andbeganmedicaltreatment.Forawhile,theturtle’ssurvivalwasuncertain.Luckily,aftermonthsoftreatmentandcare,itsconditiongraduallyimproved.OnMay10,ninemonthsafterthediscovery,HerbandRhondajoinedtheaquariumrescueteamtosaygoodbyetotheturtle.Theturtlecrawledontothesand,spunaroundasifshowing13toeveryone,andthenslippedbackintothesea.ToHerbandRhonda,thisturtleservesasa(n)14:whenweobserveandprotectthelivingcreaturesaroundus,wenotonlysavewildlifespeciesbutalsopreservethebeautyofnaturedeepinourhearts.Theexperienceleftadeepimpressiononthecouple.Theynowencourageotherstostay15andreportanyinjuredwildlifetheyencounter.Thiseventbecameanunforgettableexperienceforthem.1．A．surface B．bottom C．center D．edge2．A．break B．ride C．photo D．chance3．A．Obviously B．Unfortunately C．Hopefully D．Surprisingly4．A．moving B．breathing C．eating D．floating5．A．Excited B．Concerned C．Disappointed D．Relaxed6．A．join B．visit C．contact D．locate7．A．time B．plan C．environment D．information8．A．fear B．danger C．peace D．doubt9．A．refused B．avoided C．requested D．ignored10．A．watch B．touch C．track D．tie11．A．loudly B．softly C．nervously D．angrily12．A．survey B．review C．examination D．study13．A．courage B．interest C．worries D．thanks14．A．researcher B．observer C．volunteer D．reminder15．A．aware B．calm C．fresh D．friendly二、阅读理解Thereareplentyofwaysforstudentstoearnvolunteerhoursonlinewhilepursuingtheirinterests.Butwhatiftheirhobbiesdonotmatchthevolunteeropportunitiesofferedbytheirschool?Inthatcase,theycanexplorelocaloronlinevolunteeroptionsinstead.Wehaveputtogetheralistofresourcestohelpyouandyourteenagechildrendiscoverbothin-personandvirtualcommunityserviceopportunities:1BeMyEyesIdealfor:studentswholovehelpingothersandinteractingwithpeoplefromdiverseculturesServicetype:VirtualBeMyEyesisamobileappthatconnectsblinduserswithsightedvolunteersthroughlivevideocalls.Ithelpsthe285millionblindorvisuallyimpaired(受损的)peoplearoundtheworldtackledailychallenges.Teenvolunteerscaninteractwithusersfromacrosstheglobeonthisplatform.Sincetheappservesusersinmanycountriesandlanguages,bilingualvolunteersarealwaysinhighdemand.Itisagreatopportunitytosocializeandpracticeforeignlanguageskills.2ZooniverseIdealfor:studentsinterestedinspace,biology,nature,medicine,andsocialsciencesServicetype:VirtualZooniverseisanengagingcitizen-scienceresearchplatformthatoffersvolunteeropportunitiesforhighschoolstudents.Participantscanhelpdiscoverdistantplanets,classifyanimals,andanalyzefossilteeth.3CatchafireIdealfor:studentshopingtobuildprofessionalskillsinmarketing,IT,socialmedia,projectmanagement,websitedevelopment,andrelatedfieldsServicetype:VirtualHighschoolstudentscanearnvolunteerhoursorparticipateinlong-termcommunityprojectshere.Theymayassistvariousorganizationswithmanagingsocialmediaaccounts,photoediting,writingthank-younotes,andothertasks.VolunteeropportunitiesonCatchafireareespeciallybeneficialforseniorstudents,astheycangainpracticalworkexperiencewhilecontributingtomeaningfulcauses.4TeenLifeIdealfor:studentspassionateaboutanimalcare,supportingpeoplewithspecialneeds,helpingthehomeless,internationalaid,environmentalprotectionandliteracyeducationServicetype:Virtual&In-personTeenLifeoffersaccesstomorethan10,000academicandpracticalvolunteeropportunitiesforteenagers.Thispowerfulsearchplatformconnectsparents,teens,andschoolcounselorsnationwide.DesignedforstudentsfromGrade7toGrade12,itprovidesbothofflineandonlinecommunityserviceprojects.16．Whichisbestforastudentwhowantstopracticeforeignlanguages?A．Zooniverse. B．Catchafire. C．BeMyEyes. D．TeenLife.17．WhatcanstudentsdoonZooniverse?A．Managesocialmediafororganizations. B．Assisttheblindthroughlivevideos.C．Engageinresearch-relatedactivities. D．Supportpeoplewithspecialneeds.18．WhatmakesTeenLifedifferentfromtheotherthreeplatforms?A．Itoffersbothvirtualandin-personservice.B．Itisdesignedspecificallyforcollegestudents.C．ItrequiresvolunteerstohaveprofessionalITskills.D．Itprovidesopportunitiesforteenagerstodevelopengineeringskills.19．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Tipsonimprovingacademicgrades.B．Importanceofenvironmentalprotectionprojects.C．Waysforteenagerstobuildinternationalfriendships.D．Resourcesforstudentslookingforvolunteeropportunities.Ihavelongbeenskeptical(怀疑的)abouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.However,afewmonthsago,IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone,oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.WhenIreadaboutchangingmyphonetoblack-and-whitemode,Idecidedtotryit.Theresultwassurprising.ThemomentIturnedoffthecolor,Inolongerfeltthesameurgentneedtocheckmyphone.Iexperiencedastrongsenseofrelief.Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut.Afterthat,IbeganleavingmyphoneinanotherroomasImovedaroundthehouse.I’dgohourswithoutcheckingit,ratherthanjustminutes.TheamountoftimeIspentonmyphonedroppedbyabout40percent.Scientistscallthiscondition“problematicsmartphoneuse,”whichreferstothedifficultycontrollingtheurgetouseaphone,oftentothepointthatitaffectsdailylife.Forme,checkingmyphonewasoftenawaytoreduceanxiety.Lifeingrayscale(黑白模式)alsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.Forexample,Isometimeshungupcallsbymistakebecausebothbuttonsweregray.Photosalsolookedstrange,especiallythecolorfulimagessentbymyfamily.However,Idiscoveredthatgameswerelessappealinginblackandwhite,andsocialmediaappsbecamelessinteresting.Gradually,Istartedusingmyphonelessandpayingmoreattentiontoreallife.Afterafewweeks,Inoticedanotherchange.Ibeganreadingmorebooks,spendingmoretimewithmyfamily,andplanningsocialactivities.Ifoundmyselfenjoyingthesereal-worldexperiencesmorethanusingmyphone.Now,Ifeelthatturningoffcoloronmyphonehasmadememoreawareofthebeautyofreallife.AlthoughIstillusemyphoneeveryday,Inolongerfeelcontrolledbyit.20．Whichsentenceinthepassageexplainswhytheauthorfelt“controlled”byhisphonebeforeusinggrayscale?A．Afterafewweeks,Inoticedanotherchange.B．Lifeingrayscalealsobroughtsomesmallinconveniences.C．Ihavelongbeenskepticalabouttheideathatphonesareaddictivedevices.D．IbegantoworrythatIwasspendingtoomuchtimeonmyphone,oftenswitchingbetweenonlinenewsandshort-videoapps.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Itfeltasifaninvisiblebondhadbeencut”inParagraph2mostlikelymean?A．Theauthorfoundthephonelessusefulindailylife.B．Theauthordecidedtostopusingthephonecompletely.C．Theauthorbecamelessconnectedwithpeoplearoundhim.D．Theauthornolongerreliedonthephoneasmuchasbefore.22．Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sexperience?A．Digitalbehaviorcanbeshapedbysmalladjustments.B．Technologyshouldreplacereal-lifeinteraction.C．Phonesarethemainsourceofmodernanxiety.D．Personalhabitsaredifficulttochange.Expertbirdwatchershavechangesintheirbrainstructurecomparedwithbeginners,whichprobablyhelpthembetteridentifybirdsandmayevenprotectagainstage-relatedcognitive(认知的)decline.Whenlearningorpractisingaskill,thebrainreorganisesitself,strengtheningandstreamliningrelevantpathways.Thisability,knownasneuroplasticity(神经可塑性),supportsthedevelopmentofexpertskills.Itiswhyprofessionalmusiciansshowstructuralchangesinbrainregionsinvolvedinhearing.Tounderstandwhetherbirdingalsoshapesthebrain,ErikWingatYorkUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalysedbrainstructureandfunctionin48hobbyistbirders,halfexpertsandhalfbeginners,asjudgedbyascreeningtest.Participantswereaged22to79,andbothgroupsweresimilarintermsofsex,age,andeducation.Whileundergoingbrainscans,theparticipantswereshownanimageofabirdforlessthan4seconds.About10secondslater,theytriedidentifyingthesamebirdfromoneoffourimages,eachshowingadifferentspecies.“Weintentionallypickedhighlyconfusablebirdspecies,”saysWing.Thetaskwasrepeated72times.Intotal,theresearchersusedimagesof18birdspecies—sixofwhichwerelocaland12ofwhichweren’t—astargets.Asexpected,expertbirderscouldidentifybirdsbetterthanbeginners.Onaverage,theyaccuratelyidentified83percentoflocalbirdspeciesand61percentofthenon-localones.Incontrast,beginnerscorrectlyidentified44percentofbothgroupsofbirds.Whileidentifyingnon-localbirds,activityinthreebrainareasincreasedinexpertbirders.Theseareasarethefrontpartofthebrain,aninnerregionrelatedtoattention,andabackpartofthebrainresponsibleforvisualprocessing.Theseareasalsoappearedmoreorganisedandstructurallycomplex.“Itspeakstothewiderangeofcognitiveprocessesthatareinvolvedinbirding,”saysWing.Asweage,structuralcomplexityandorganisationinthebraintendtodecrease.Butthisdeclinewaslesspronouncedinexpertbirders,suggestingbirdingmayhelpbuildcognitivereserve,thebrain’sabilitytodefenditselfagainstageingandadapttodamage.“Itsuggeststhatmaintainingbrainactivitythroughspecialisedabilitiesisalsolinkedtoreducedeffectsofageing,”saysRobertZatorreatMcGillUniversity.However,todeterminewhetherthebrainchangesaretrulyduetobirding,researcherswouldneedtoscanthebrainmultipletimesovermonthsoryears,saysWing.23．Whydidresearcherschoose“highlyconfusablebirdspecies”?A．Tokeepparticipants’attentiononbirds.B．Tobettertestrealbird-identificationskills.C．Toreducethetimeneededfortheexperiment.D．Toconcentrateonrarebirdsfromothercountries.24．Whichfindingbestsupportstheideaof“cognitivereserve”?A．Beginnersrelyonmemoryratherthanobservation.B．Beginnershaveloweraccuracyinbirdidentification.C．Expertsexperienceslowerage-relatedcognitivedecline.D．Expertsshowincreasedactivityinthreedifferentbrainareas.25．Toimprovethestudy,researchersshould________.A．testonlylocalbirdsB．usefewerbirdspeciesC．involveonlyexpertbirdersD．followparticipantsoverseveralyears26．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．WhyBirdsAreHardtoIdentifyB．HowNatureImprovesMentalHealthC．BirdwatchingMayReshapetheBrainD．TheAgeDifferenceBetweenExpertBirdersPollutionismakingmanycitiesincreasinglyunlivableforpeople,butitisalsotearingantfamiliesandcommunitiesapart.Antsrecogniseoneanotherbydetectingathinlayerofhydrocarbonsontheirexoskeletons;eachcommunityhasitsowndistinctive“smell”.However,anewstudyrevealsthatozoneemissions(臭氧排放)canchangethestructureofthesehydrocarbons.Afterantsareexposedtourbanaircontainingaround100partsperbillionofozone,theirnestmatesnolongerrecognisethem.Someareattackedbymembersoftheirowncommunity,whileothersneglectlarvae(幼虫)exposedtoozone,leavingthemtodie.Thisstoryisacaseofanthropomorphism—projectinghumancharacteristicsontonon-humancreatures.Althoughmanyscientistscriticiseanthropomorphismasmisleading,othersdrawparallelsbetweenantsandhumanstoexplaintheevolution(进化)ofselflessnessandsocialnetworks.Famously,entomologistE.O.Wilsonusedantsasevidenceforhistheoryof“sociobiology,”whichsuggeststhatmanyanimalbehavioursresultfromevolutionarynecessity.EvolutionarybiologistStephenJayGould,however,criticisedthisideaas“biologicaldeterminism,”warningthatitcouldjustifyunfairgeneticpolicies.Butsomethingfundamentalhaschanged.DeborahGordon,aStanfordbiologist,discoveredthatantbehaviourcanbeunderstoodalgorithmically(以算法的方式).Workingwithcomputerscientists,sheshowedthatantsallocatetasksthroughdistributedsignallingnetworks.Ifaworkerantdiscoversalargefoodsource,sheleavesbehindachemicaltrailforotherstofollow.Otherantsdetectthesignalandrealisethatmorefood-searchingantsareneeded,droppingwhattheyaredoingtojointhetask.Thereisnoleader.Gordonnicknamedthisprocess“theanternet”becauseitworkslikethewaycomputernetworksmanagedataflow.Algorithmicdeterminismhasreplacedbiologicaldeterminism,buttheresultforantsremainsthesame:humanscontinuetousethemasexamplesratherthanappreciatingthemascreatureswiththeirowndistinctformsofsociallife.Thisbringsusbacktopollution.Gordon’santernetdependsonantsfromthesamecommunitymeeting,exchanginginformation,anddeterminingwhethertoassisttheirsisters.Butwhenozonechangestheirhydrocarbons,theycannolongerrecogniseoneanotherandcooperateeffectively.Thecollapseofcommunicationcouldultimatelyleadtothedeathofthecommunity.Tohumans,thismayseeminsignificant.Butwesharetheplanetwithothercreatures.Ifwefailtolimitozonepollution,wemaydestroyentiresocialsystemsbeyondourown.Perhapsitistimeweshouldstopusingantsasexamplesforourselvesandourmachines,andstartcaringaboutwhotheyreallyare.27．Whatabilityismostaffectedafterozoneexposureinants?A．Theabilitytorecognizenestmates.B．Theabilitytolocatefoodsources.C．Theabilitytofindtheirnests.D．Theabilitytocallforhelp.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“drawparallels”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A．Identifysimilarities. B．Createconflicts.C．Conductexperiments. D．Developtheories.29．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“anternet”describedinthepassage?A．Itreducestheneedforantstodetectchemicals.B．Itdependsheavilyonreliablecommunicationsignals.C．Itrequiresaleadertoorganizefood-searchingbehaviour.D．Itwasdevelopedbycomputerscientistsandlaterusedtostudyants.30．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardusingantsasexamplesforhumansormachines?A．Doubtful. B．Critical.C．Positive. D．Indifferent.阅读下面的短文和问题，根据短文内容，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚，结构正确，书写工整。Iusedtohaveanextremelypoornaturalmemory.Iconstantlystruggledtoremembernames,dates,andvocabulary,andanynewknowledgeIlearnedwouldquicklyslipfrommymind.Discouragedbythisweakness,Idecidedtomasterprofessionalmemorytechniques.Asacompetitorinmysixties,IwontheAustralianMemoryChampionshipsinboth2017and2018.Overthepastdecade,Ihavebuiltkilometresofmemorypalacestostoreawiderangeofknowledge,includinggeography,foreignvocabulary,andmuchmore.Thememorypalace,alsoknownasthemethodofloci,isanancienttechniqueoriginatinginAncientGreece.Simplyput,itisacustomizedmentalspacewherepeoplestoreandorganizeinformation.Unlikerotememorization,itrequiresdeepunderstandingratherthanblindrepetition.Ifollowseveralclearstepstobuildmyownmemorypalaces.First,Ichooseafamiliarlocation,suchasmyhouse,andarrangefixedspotsinaclearorder,suchasthefrontdoor,thebookcase,andthetable.Second,Iattachinformationtotheselocationsbycreatingvividandstrikingmentalassociations.Third,Irepeatedlytakeamentalwalkthroughthespaceinordertobecomefamiliarwiththesequence.Ialsofollowaruleofmarkingeveryfifthlocationforeasierrecall,whichhelpspreventmefrommissinganyinformation.Ihavegainedmanybenefitsfromthispowerfultechnique.Itnotonlyhelpsmememorizeinformationefficientlybutalsoallowsmetokeepknowledgeforalongtime.Thisworksbecausethehippocampusinourbrainishighlysensitivetospatialinformation(空间信息).Bylinkingknowledgetospecificlocations,Icantransfershort-termmemoriesintolong-termones,whilevividmentalassociationsfurtherstrengthenrecall.Inaddition,thismethodimprovescognitiveabilitiessuchasconcentrationandcuriosity.Withknowledgeclearlyorganizedinmymind,Iamabletoconnectunrelatedideasandstimulatecreativity.Thistechniqueissuitableforeverylearner.EventhoughIamnotnaturallygoodatvisualizingimages,Icanstillmemorizeeffectivelythroughlogicalstoriesandassociations.Ihavebuiltvariousmemorypalacesforgeography,history,andforeignlanguageswithoutbeinglimitedbyphysicalspace.InsteadofdependingentirelyontheInternettosearchforinformation,Ifirmlyinternalizeknowledge.Withregularscientificreview,theinformationcanremaininmymemoryforyears.Inconclusion,thememorypalaceisaneasy-to-learnskillthatcangreatlyimprovebothlearningefficiencyandmemorycapacity.31．Whydidthewriterstartlearningprofessionalmemorytechniques?(不多于9个单词)32．Whatisamemorypalace?(不多于12个单词)33．Howdoesthewritersupporttheideathatmemorycanbeimproved?(不多于8个单词)34．Whatcanwelearnfromthewriter’sexperience?(单词数不限)三、语法填空35．Beethoven(compose)hisNinthSymphonybetween1822and1824.(所给词的适当形式填空)36．Doyouknowthereasonwemustsavewater?(用适当的词填空)37．HeaskedIcouldshowhimhowtooperatetheairconditioner.(用适当的词填空)38．I(start)makingmusicvideosthreeyearsagoandIamveryfondofit.(所给词的适当形式填空)39．Theforestmanyrarebirdslivehasbeenbetterprotected.(用适当的词填空)40．China(make)greatprogressinAItechnologyoverthepastfewyears.(所给词的适当形式填空)41．allrolemodelspassdowntousisthenoblespiritofdevotionandresponsibility.(用适当的词填空)42．Themoment