2026年医学英语基础知识考试题及答案

2026年医学英语基础知识考试题及答案PartI.VocabularyandStructure(SingleChoice)Directions:Inthissection,thereare40incompletesentences.EachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Theprefix"hypo-"intheword"hypotension"means______.A.ExcessiveB.DeficientC.AboveD.Normal2.Whichofthefollowingsuffixesdenotesasurgicalprocedure?A.-logyB.-itisC.-ectomyD.-emia3.Theterm"cardiology"canbebrokendownintothecombiningform"cardi/o"(heart)andthesuffix"-logy",whichmeans______.A.StudyofB.InflammationofC.DiseaseofD.Treatmentof4.Themedicalterm"gastralgia"refersto______.A.StomachpainB.StomachinflammationC.StomachtumorD.Stomachrupture5.Thecombiningform"neur/o"referstothe______.A.KidneyB.NerveC.BrainD.Spinalcord6."Dyspnea"isdefinedas______.A.DifficultbreathingB.RapidbreathingC.ShallowbreathingD.Absenceofbreathing7.Theprefix"brady-"means______.A.FastB.SlowC.PainD.New8.Whichtermdescribestheinflammationoftheliver?A.HepatitisB.HepatomegalyC.HepatomaD.Cirrhosis9.Thesuffix"-plasty"refersto______.A.SurgicalrepairB.SurgicalremovalC.VisualexaminationD.Incision10."Nephrotomy"means______.A.SurgicalrepairofthekidneyB.SurgicalincisionofthekidneyC.InflammationofthekidneyD.Diseaseofthekidney11.Thecombiningform"oste/o"refersto______.A.MuscleB.BoneC.JointD.Cartilage12."Leukocyte"literallymeans______.A.RedbloodcellB.WhitebloodcellC.ClottingcellD.Plasmacell13.Theprefix"hyper-"in"hyperglycemia"signifies______.A.LowB.HighC.BeforeD.After14.Whichsuffixindicates"pain"or"suffering"?A.-malaciaB.-dyniaC.-emiaD.-uria15."Arthritis"istheinflammationofthe______.A.JointsB.MusclesC.BonesD.Tendons16.Theterm"cephalalgia"iscommonlyknownas______.A.HeadacheB.ToothacheC.StomachacheD.Earache17.Thecombiningform"hemat/o"or"hem/o"refersto______.A.BloodB.BonemarrowC.SpleenD.Lymph18."Myopathy"referstoadiseaseofthe______.A.NervesB.MusclesC.SkinD.Eyes19.Thesuffix"-emia"pertainstoablood______.A.CellB.ConditionC.VesselD.Clot20."Tachycardia"meansaheartratethatis______.A.SlowB.FastC.IrregularD.Stopped21.Theprefix"anti-"means______.A.AgainstB.WithC.BeforeD.Around22."Gastroenterology"isthestudyofthe______anddigestivesystem.A.StomachB.IntestinesC.StomachandintestinesD.Liver23.Thesuffix"-megaly"refersto______.A.PainB.InflammationC.EnlargementD.Rupture24."Splenomegaly"istheenlargementofthe______.A.LiverB.SpleenC.GallbladderD.Pancreas25.Thecombiningform"dermat/o"referstothe______.A.NailsB.HairC.SkinD.Eyes26."Intravenous"meanswithinorintoa______.A.ArteryB.VeinC.MuscleD.Nerve27.Theprefix"peri-"means______.A.AroundB.ThroughC.WithinD.Above28."Pericarditis"isinflammationofthesacsurroundingthe______.A.HeartB.LungsC.BrainD.Liver29.Thecombiningform"rhin/o"referstothe______.A.ThroatB.NoseC.EarD.Eye30."Otorhinolaryngology"isthestudyofthe______.A.HeartandlungsB.Ear,nose,andthroatC.BrainandnervesD.Bonesandmuscles31.Thesuffix"-stasis"means______.A.FlowB.StoppingorcontrollingC.FormationD.Dropping32."Hemostasis"refersto______.A.StoppingofbleedingB.FormationofbloodC.ClottingdisorderD.Increaseinredcells33.Thecombiningform"cyt/o"referstoa______.A.TissueB.OrganC.CellD.Gland34."Biopsy"isthe______.A.VisualexaminationoflivingtissueB.RemovalandexaminationoflivingtissueC.TreatmentofdiseaseD.X-rayoftissue35.Theprefix"sub-"means______.A.AboveB.BelowC.AroundD.Within36."Subcutaneous"referstothelayer______theskin.A.AboveB.BelowC.WithinD.Through37.Thesuffix"-pathy"means______.A.DiseaseB.TreatmentC.StudyD.Specialist38."Neuropathy"isadiseaseofthe______.A.KidneyB.LiverC.NervesD.Joints39.Thecombiningform"pneumon/o"or"pneum/o"referstothe______.A.LungB.HeartC.StomachD.Intestine40."Pneumonia"isaninflammatoryconditionofthe______.A.LungB.ThroatC.SinusesD.BronchiPartII.MultipleChoiceQuestionsDirections:EachquestioninthissectionisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChooseALLthecorrectanswers.Theremaybemorethanonecorrectanswerforeachquestion.41.Whichofthefollowingprefixesrefertonumbersorquantities?A.Mono-B.Poly-C.Bi-D.Hem-42.Selectthetermsthatrefertosurgicalremoval.A.AppendectomyB.GastrectomyC.NeurorrhaphyD.Laparotomy43.Whichofthefollowingcombiningformsrelatetotheeye?A.Ocul/oB.Opt/oC.Phac/oD.Ot/o44.Whichsuffixesindicateapathologicalcondition?A.-osisB.-itisC.-iasisD.-plasty45.Identifythetermsthatdescribediagnosticimagingtechniques.A.RadiographyB.CTScanC.BiopsyD.Ultrasonography46.Whichofthefollowingarecomponentsofthecardiovascularsystem?A.ArteriesB.VeinsC.HeartD.Alveoli47.Selectthetermsmeaning"inflammation".A.HepatitisB.GastritisC.TonsillitisD.Bronchiectasis48.Whichofthefollowingprefixesindicatepositionordirection?A.Pre-B.Post-C.Retro-D.Endo-49.Whichtermsrelatetotheurinarysystem?A.NephritisB.CystitisC.UreterD.Myelography50.Identifytheabbreviationsformedicaltestsorprocedures.A.ECGB.MRIC.CBCD.BIDPartIII.FillintheBlanksDirections:Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatemedicaltermsbasedonthedefinitionsorcontextprovided.Usethecombiningforms,prefixes,andsuffixesyouhavelearned.51.Thesurgicalremovaloftheappendixisknownas______________.52.______________isthemedicaltermfordifficultorpainfuldigestion.53.Thestudyofthenervoussystemiscalled______________.54.Arecordoftheelectricalactivityoftheheartisan______________.55.Inflammationofthestomachandintestinesiscalled______________.56.Thesurgicalcreationofanartificialopeningintothecolonisa______________.57.______________referstoaconditionoflowbloodsugar.58.Thesuffix"-logy"meansthestudyof,so"dermatology"isthestudyofthe______________.59.______________isthetermusedtodescribeanabnormallyhighbodytemperature.60.Thesurgicalrepairofabloodvesseliscalled______________.61.Aspecialistintreatingdiseasesofthefemalereproductivesystemisa______________.62.Themedicaltermfornosebleedis______________.63.______________referstothehardeningofthearteries.64.Thesurgicalfixationofajointis______________.65.Afearofenclosedspacesisknownas______________.66.Thepresenceofbloodintheurineismedicallytermed______________.67.______________isthesurgicalpunctureofthechestcavitytowithdrawfluid.68.Themedicaltermforrapidbreathingis______________.69.Inflammationoftheliningoftheheartis______________.70.Thevisualexaminationoftheinteriorofthestomachis______________.PartIV.MedicalTerminologyTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingmedicaltermsintoEnglishorChineseasrequired.SectionA:TranslateChineseintoEnglish71.高血压72.炎症73.静脉切开术74.肾炎75.胃镜检查76.脑电图77.心绞痛78.气管造口术79.肌肉痛80.贫血SectionB:TranslateEnglishintoChinese81.Hyperlipidemia82.Laparoscopy83.Osteoporosis84.Endocrinology85.Thrombocytopenia86.Mammography87.Gastroenteritis88.Arthroscopy89.MyocardialInfarction90.PathogenPartV.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.ChoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Passage1Diabetesmellitusisachronicmetabolicdisordercharacterizedbyelevatedbloodglucoselevels(hyperglycemia)resultingfromdefectsininsulinsecretion,insulinaction,orboth.Insulinisahormoneproducedbythebetacellsofthepancreas,anditfacilitatestheuptakeofglucoseintocellstobeusedforenergy.InType1diabetes,thebody’simmunesystemdestroysthebetacells,leadingtoanabsolutedeficiencyofinsulin.PatientswithType1diabetestypicallyrequireexogenousinsulinadministrationforsurvival.Type2diabetesmellitusismorecommonandisassociatedwithinsulinresistanceandrelativeinsulindeficiency.Itisoftenlinkedtoobesity,physicalinactivity,andgeneticpredisposition.Chronichyperglycemiacanleadtolong-termcomplicationssuchasretinopathy,nephropathy,neuropathy,andcardiovasculardisease.Managementincludeslifestylemodifications,oralhypoglycemicagents,andinsulintherapy.91.WhatistheprimarydefectinType1diabetes?A.InsulinresistanceB.AbsoluteinsulindeficiencyC.ObesityD.Oralhypoglycemicagentfailure92.Whereisinsulinproduced?A.LiverB.KidneyC.PancreasD.Spleen93.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasalong-termcomplicationofdiabetes?A.RetinopathyB.NephropathyC.CirrhosisD.Cardiovasculardisease94.Type2diabetesischaracterizedby______.A.AbsoluteinsulindeficiencyB.AutoimmunedestructionofpancreasC.InsulinresistanceD.Lowbloodsugar95.Theterm"exogenous"referstosomething______.A.ProducedinsidethebodyB.OriginatingoutsidethebodyC.RelatedtogenesD.CausedbyinfectionPassage2Hypertension,orhighbloodpressure,isamajorriskfactorforcardiovasculardisease,includingstrokeandmyocardialinfarction.Bloodpressureismeasuredinmillimetersofmercury(mmHg)andisrecordedastwonumbers:systolicpressure(thepressurewhentheheartbeats)overdiastolicpressure(thepressurewhentheheartrestsbetweenbeats).Normalbloodpressureistypicallydefinedaslessthan120/80mmHg.Hypertensionisgenerallydiagnosedwhenbloodpressurereadingsconsistentlyexceed140/90mmHg.Essentialhypertension,whichhasnoidentifiablecause,accountsforabout90-95%ofcases.Secondaryhypertensioniscausedbyanunderlyingconditionsuchasrenaldisease,endocrinedisorders,ormedications.Lifestylechangessuchasreducingsodiumintake,maintainingahealthyweight,andregularexercisearerecommendedasfirst-linemanagement.Antihypertensivemedicationsmaybeprescribedtocontrolbloodpressureandreducetheriskofcomplications.96.Whatisthestandardunitformeasuringbloodpressure?A.PascalsB.MillimetersofmercuryC.AtmospheresD.Poundspersquareinch97.Whichofthefollowingreadingsindicateshypertensionaccordingtothetext?A.110/70mmHgB.118/78mmHgC.125/82mmHgD.145/95mmHg98.Whatisthemostcommontypeofhypertension?A.SecondaryhypertensionB.EssentialhypertensionC.MalignanthypertensionD.Renalhypertension99.Secondaryhypertensioncanbecausedby______.A.LackofexerciseB.HighsodiumintakeC.RenaldiseaseD.Geneticfactorsonly100.Whatdoes"systolicpressure"represent?A.PressurewhentheheartrestsB.PressurewhentheheartbeatsC.PressureintheveinsD.MinimumarterialpressurePassage3Apepticulcerisasoreintheliningofthestomachorduodenum,thefirstpartofthesmallintestine.Themostcommonsymptomisaburningpainintheupperabdomen.Pepticulcersoccurwhentheprotectivemucuslayerofthestomachorduodenumisreduced,allowingacidtoerodetheunderlyingtissue.AmajorcauseisinfectionwiththebacteriumHelicobacterpylori(H.pylori).Anothercommoncauseisthelong-termuseofnonsteroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs),suchasaspirinandibuprofen,whichcandamagethemucuslining.Diagnosisisoftenconfirmedviaendoscopy,whereaflexibletubewithacameraisinsertedtoviewthestomachlining.TreatmentincludesantibioticstoeradicateH.pylori,protonpumpinhibitors(PPIs)toreduceacidproduction,andantacidstoneutralizestomachacid.Complicationscanincludebleeding,perforation,andgastricoutletobstruction.101.Whereisapepticulcerlocated?A.EsophagusandstomachB.StomachandduodenumC.LiverandgallbladderD.Colonandrectum102.Whichbacteriumisamajorcauseofpepticulcers?A.EscherichiacoliB.StaphylococcusaureusC.HelicobacterpyloriD.Streptococcuspneumoniae103.Whatisthefunctionofprotonpumpinhibitors(PPIs)intreatingulcers?A.EradicatebacteriaB.NeutralizeacidC.ReduceacidproductionD.Increasemucusproduction104.Whichofthefollowingisadiagnostictoolmentionedforpepticulcers?A.CTscanB.MRIC.EndoscopyD.Auscultation105.Whatisapotentialcomplicationofuntreatedpepticulcers?A.DiabetesB.PerforationC.HypertensionD.GlaucomaPartVI.SentenceTranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishorChinese.SectionA:TranslateChineseintoEnglish106.病人主诉胸痛和气短。107.医生建议进行血液检查以排除贫血。108.这种药物通过降低血压来预防中风。109.炎症是身体对损伤或感染的反应。110.在手术前，病人必须禁食8小时。SectionB:TranslateEnglishintoChinese111.Thepatientwasdiagnosedwithacuteappendicitisandunderwentimmediatesurgery.112.Signsandsymptomsofmyocardialinfarctionincludecrushingchestpainandshortnessofbreath.113.Intravenousfluidswereadministeredtocorrectthedehydration.114.Thepathologyreportconfirmedthepresenceofamalignanttumor.115.Regularphysicalactivityisbeneficialforcardiovascularhealth.PartVII.CaseAnalysisandApplicationDirections:ReadthecasescenariosandanswerthequestionsusingyourmedicalknowledgeandEnglishterminology.Case1A65-year-oldmalepatientpresentstotheemergencydepartmentwithseverechestpainthatradiatestohisleftarmandjaw.Heisdiaphoretic(sweating)andreportsahistoryofhypertensionandhyperlipidemia.Anelectrocardiogram(ECG)showsST-segmentelevationintheanteriorleads.Cardiacbiomarkers(troponin)areelevated.116.Whatisthemostlikelydiagnosis?A.AnginapectorisB.MyocardialinfarctionC.PulmonaryembolismD.Pneumothorax117.Theterm"diaphoretic"refersto______.A.ExcessivesweatingB.ExcessiveurinationC.DifficultyspeakingD.Lossofconsciousness118.Whichdiagnostictestconfirmsmyocardialinjury?A.ECGB.ChestX-rayC.TroponinlevelsD.Auscultation119.Thepatienthasahistoryof"hyperlipidemia".Whatdoesthismean?A.HighbloodsugarB.Highbloodlipids(fats)C.HighwhitebloodcellcountD.Highplateletcount120.Calculatethedosageofamedicationiftheprescribedamountis5mg/kgandthepatientweighs70kg.Usetheformula:Dose=Weight×Dosage.A.300mgB.350mgC.375mgD.400mgCase2A45-year-oldfemalecomplainsoffrequenturination(polyuria),excessivethirst(polydipsia),andunexplainedweightlossoverthepastmonth.Herfastingbloodglucoselevelis180mg/dL(normalis<100mg/dL).Sheisobeseandhasafamilyhistoryofdiabetes.121.Thecombinationofpolyuria,polydipsia,andweightlossisclassicfor______.A.DiabetesmellitusB.DiabetesinsipidusC.HyperthyroidismD.Cushing'ssyndrome122.Whatdoes"polydipsia"mean?A.ExcessivehungerB.ExcessivethirstC.ExcessiveurinationD.Excessiveeating123.Basedonherclinicalpresentation,sheislikelytobediagnosedwith______.A.Type1DiabetesB.Type2DiabetesC.GestationalDiabetesD.SecondaryDiabetes124.Whichofthefollowinglaboratorytestsmeasuresaveragebloodsugaroverthepast2-3months?A.FastingPlasmaGlucoseB.OralGlucoseToleranceTestC.HemoglobinA1cD.RandomPlasmaGlucose125.Initialmanagementforthispatienttypicallyincludes:A.InsulininjectionsonlyB.LifestylemodificationsandoralhypoglycemicsC.SurgeryD.NotreatmentneededAnswerKeyandExplanationsPartI.VocabularyandStructure(SingleChoice)1.B(Deficient-"Hypo"meansdeficientorbelownormal)2.C(-ectomymeanssurgicalremoval)3.A(Studyof)4.A(Stomachpain-"Gastr"=stomach,"algia"=pain)5.B(Nerve)6.A(Difficultbreathing)7.B(Slow)8.A(Hepatitis-"Hepat"=liver,"itis"=inflammation)9.A(Surgicalrepair)10.B(Surgicalincisionofthekidney-"Nephr"=kidney,"tomy"=incision)11.B(Bone)12.B(Whitebloodcell-"Leuk"=white,"cyte"=cell)13.B(High)14.B(-dyniameanspain)15.A(Joints-"Arthr"=joint)16.A(Headache-"Cephal"=head)17.A(Blood)18.B(Muscles-"My"=muscle)19.B(Condition)20.B(Fast-"Tachy"=fast)21.A(Against)22.C(Stomachandintestines-"Gastro"=stomach,"enter"=intestines)23.C(Enlargement)24.B(Spleen)25.C(Skin)26.B(Vein-"ven"=vein)27.A(Around)28.A(Heart)29.B(Nose)30.B(Ear,nose,andthroat-"Ot"=ear,"rhin"=nose,"laryng"=throat)31.B(Stoppingorcontrolling)32.A(Stoppingofbleeding)33.C(Cell)34.B(Removalandexaminationoflivingtissue)35.B(Below)36.B(Below)37.A(Disease)38.C(Nerves)39.A(Lung)40.A(Lung)PartII.MultipleChoiceQuestions41.A,B,C(Mono-=one,Poly-=many,Bi-=two)42.A,B(Appendectomy=removalofappendix,Gastrectomy=removalofstomach)43.A,B,C(Ocul/o,Opt/o,Phac/oallrelatetotheeye;Ot/orelatestoear)44.A,B,C(-osis,-itis,-iasisalldenoteabnormalconditions;-plastyissurgicalrepair)45.A,B,D(Biopsyisaprocedurebutnotprimarilyimaginginthesamesense)46.A,B,C(Alveoliarepartoftherespiratorysystem)47.A,B,C(Bronchiectasisisdilation,notprimarilyinflammation)48.A,B,C,D(Allindicateposition/direction)49.A,B,C(Myelographyrelatestothespinalcord)50.A,B,C(BIDisafrequencyinstruction,notatest)PartIII.FillintheBlanks51.Appendectomy52.Dyspepsia53.Neurology54.Electrocardiogram(ECG)55.Gastroenteritis56.Colostomy57.Hypoglycemia58.Skin59.Hyperthermia(orPyrexia)60.Angioplasty61.Gynecologist62.Epistaxis63.Ar