外研版英语选择性必修第四册　Unit 5　Into the unknown 教师用书

选择性必修第四册Unit5IntotheunknownⅠ.阅读单词——会意1．pyramidn．金字塔；棱锥体2．canaln．运河3．tropicaladj.来自热带的；产于热带的4．cyclonen．气旋；旋风5．megadroughtn．超级干旱6．downfalln．衰败7．getawayn．逃跑，逃走8．subduev．克制，抑制(情绪)9．theunknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方10．delvev．探索，探究11．shipwreckn．失事的船；沉船12．coraln．珊瑚13．millimetren．毫米14．barreleyen．管眼鱼15．trenchn．海沟16．equivalentadj.等同的；等值的；相当的17．stackv．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起18．vesseln．船；舰19．vol(＝volume)n．(书的)卷，册；体积，容积；(生产、交通等的)量；音量Ⅱ.拼写单词——记形1．intriguev．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心2．buryv．将……埋在下面；掩藏，遮盖；使陷入3．ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟；破产v．毁掉；使破产4．dismissv．解散，让(某人)离开；解雇；消除(顾虑等)；拒绝考虑，否定5．retreatv．后退；离开；退避n．撤退；退避6．shrinkv．缩水；收缩；退缩，畏缩；减少7．furthermoreadv.此外；而且；不仅如此8．upwardsadv.向上，朝上Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．notableadj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notev．注意；指出n．音符；记录，笔记；便条；纸币2．substancen．物质；事实基础，根据；主旨→substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；结实的3．drillingn．钻探；勘探；训练→drillv．钻孔；打眼；操练n．钻头4．investigationn．调查→investigatev．调查；研究；审查→investigatorn．调查者5．expansionn．扩大；增加→expandv．扩大；增加；(使)膨胀6．abandonv．离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃；(使)沉湎于n.放纵，放任→abandonedadj.被抛弃的；废弃的7．unchartedadj.地图上没有标明的→chartn．图表；航海图v.绘制……的地图；记录，跟踪(变化或进展)8．civilisationn．文明(社会)→civilisev．使文明；使有教养→civilisedadj.文明的9．astronomyn．天文学→astronautn．宇航员10．archaeologicaladj.考古学的；考古的→archaeologyn．考古学→archaeologistn．考古学家积累——构词法学一法会一类-ward/-wards是方向后缀，表示朝着某个方向。如forwards，upwards，downwards。(1)Factorieswerespreadingoutwardsfromtheoldheartofthetown.向外地(2)Don’tworry，andyourluggagewillcomeonafterwardsbytaxi.过后，后来(3)Duringthe1830sand1840s，thefloodofpioneerspouredunceasinglywestward.向西Ⅳ.背核心短语1．fallintoruin(因无人照料而)衰落，败落2．makeagetaway逃跑，逃走3．runforone’slife逃命4．checkout调查，检查5．testthewaters试水，试探6．steerclearof避开……；从……处脱身7．setout动身踏上(漫长的)旅途8．throwoneselfinto积极投入到……中去9．thinktwice再三考虑，慎重考虑10．shrinkfrom避免做，不愿做11．lookinto调查(问题)12．correspondto与……相符/一致13．apply...to...把……应用于……14．ontopof除……之外(还)15．atsomething’speak达到顶峰16．offerawindowinto提供了解……的一个窗口/渠道17．beyondthereachof超出……的能力范围Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Itcontainedmorethan800characters，withsomesignsrepresentinganimals，peopleandobjectsandothersrepresentingsyllables.(with复合结构)它(这种文字系统)包含800多个字符，有些符号代表动物、人和物，其他代表音节。2．ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.(that引导同位语从句)玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得玛雅的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。3．Meanwhile，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.(leave＋宾语＋宾补)同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。4．Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.(完全倒装)全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。5．Furthermore，theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources，someofwhicharecompletelynewtous.(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。体验——析真题长句知高考难度(2025•北京)Ourlifestoryissomethingthatstartscomingtogetherinourteenageyears，whenwebegintoorganiseourlivesintochaptersaroundkeyeventsorlifechanges，andbegintoseeourselvesasboththecentralcharacterand，toavaryingextent，thestory’sauthor.[句式分析]本句是主从复合句。主句为主系表结构；that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词something，并在从句中作主语；when引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为ourteenageyears，在从句中作时间状语；从句中使用了and连接两个并列谓语。[尝试翻译]我们的人生故事是在青少年时期开始形成的，那时我们会围绕重大事件或人生转折将生活梳理成不同的“篇章”，并开始将自己视为故事的核心角色，同时在不同程度上，也视自己为故事的创作者。Ⅰ.重点单词(每空1分，共22分)1．retreatv．后退；离开；退避n．撤退，退避2．furthermoreadv.此外；而且；不仅如此3．shrinkv．缩水；收缩；退缩，畏缩；减少4．ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟；破产v.毁掉；使破产5．buryv．将……埋在下面；掩藏，遮盖；使陷入6．dismissv．解散；解雇；消除(顾虑等)；拒绝考虑，否定7．intriguev．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心8．upwardsadv.向上，朝上9．drillingn．钻探；勘探；训练→drillv．钻孔；打眼；操练n．钻头10．civilisationn．文明(社会)→civilisev．使文明；使有教养→civilisedadj.文明的11．substancen．物质；事实基础，根据；主旨→substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；结实的12．unchartedadj.地图上没有标明的→chartn．图表；航海图v.绘制……的地图；记录，跟踪(变化或进展)13．astronomyn．天文学→astronautn．宇航员14．archaeologicaladj.考古学的；考古的→archaeologyn．考古学→archaeologistn．考古学家Ⅱ.单句语法填空(每空1分，共9分)1．Hisworkmatesnotedthathemadenotablecontributionstothecommunity.(note)2．Thepeoplethereabandonedthecity，andgradually，theabandonedcityfellintoruin.(abandon)3．Thecompanyintendsaslow-downinexpansionbecauseexpandingthecompanytooquicklymaycauseabadresult.(expand)4．Investigatorswenttothesite，investigatedtheissueandconductedtests，whichmightpushtheinvestigationandcontributetothesolutiontotheproblem.(investigate)Ⅲ.补全语段(句式仿写)(每题3分，共12分)DearJim，1．Withtimegoingby(随着时间的推移)，IamincreasinglypassionateaboutthemoonexplorationandIammorethandelightedtosharewithyoumoredetails.Asyoucanguess，thereisrichculturalmeaningbehindthemooninChineseculture.Themoonisoftencomparedtoaquietandelegantlady.Gazingatthemoonalways2.leavesusthinkingofvariousromanticlegendsaboutthemoon(让我们想起各种关于月亮的浪漫传说)．Onthemoon,3.standingbythetreeisChang’e(嫦娥站在树旁)withacuterabbitinherarms.Anditalsoremindspeopleoftheirfamilyandfriendsfaraway.Ibelieveitisofgreatsignificancetoexploreourclosestneighbor.Thefact4.thatrelevanttechnologyhasdevelopedquickly(相关技术迅速发展的)makesiteasiertoexplorethemoon.Whatdoyouthinkofwhenyougazeatthemoon?Writebackandtellmeaboutit!Yours，LiHuaBurythefearoffailuredeepinyourheart，foritisnottheunknownthatruinsourcouragebutthehesitationtostepforward.Neverabandonthecuriositythatdrivesustoseekanswers—whenwesetouttoexploretheunknown，wegrowbeyondourlimits.Hiddenintheunknownarecountlesspossibilitiesthatawaitthosewhodaretoexplore.buryv．将……埋在下面；掩藏，遮盖；使陷入buryoneselfin埋头于；专心于beburiedin专心于；被埋在……buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面(1)(续写之情绪描写)小女孩声嘶力竭地尖叫着，然后双手捂着脸，无法控制地啜泣着。①Thelittlegirlscreamedatthetopofherlungsandthensheburiedherfaceinherhands，sobbinguncontrollably.②Thelittlegirlscreamedatthetopofherlungs，herfaceburiedinherhands，sobbinguncontrollably.(独立主格结构)(2)我每天专心读英文报并获得了许多丰富多彩的知识。Buryingmyselfin/BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday，Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(运用分词短语作状语)ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟；破产v.毁掉；使破产•inruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉come/fallintoruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落bereducedtoruins沦为废墟bring...toruin使……失败；使……毁坏•ruinoneself毁掉自己(1)Carlcaresaboutnothingandhedoesn’tdismissthathehasmadethefarmfallintoruin.(2)这座古老的城堡在大火中沦为一片废墟，周边的村庄也受到了严重影响。看着城堡成了这般残垣断壁，我们双手掩面，失声痛哭。Theancientcastlewasreducedtoruinsinthefireandthesurroundingvillageswerealsoseverelyaffected.Seeingthecastleinruins，weburiedourfacesinourhands，burstingintotears.(3)玩电脑游戏太久几乎毁了我自己，我已经下定决心要摆脱它。PlayingcomputergamesfortoolonghasnearlyruinedmyselfandIhavemadeupmymindtogetridofit.abandonv．离弃，逃离；放弃；遗弃；(使)沉湎于n.放纵，放任(abandonedadj.被抛弃的；废弃的)•abandononeselfto陷入；沉溺于abandondoing...放弃做……•withabandon尽情地，放纵地•beabandonedto沉湎于……(1)Unfortunately，thecrewabandonedcarrying(carry)outtheexperimentforlackoffinancialsupport.(2)(续写之情感描写)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。Wesang，danced，andlaughedwithabandon，forgettingthetroublesinourlives.(3)沉迷于网上聊天，我无法集中精力听老师在教什么，这导致我期末考试成绩很差。Abandoningmyselfto/Abandonedtochattingonline，Ican’tconcentrateonwhattheteachersareteaching，makingmeperformbadlyintheend-of-termexamination.(运用分词短语作状语)setout出发；动身踏上(漫长的)旅途setdown放下；记下；登记；让……下车；制定setaside留出；把……放置一旁；暂时不考虑；撤销setoff出发；引起；点燃setup建立；准备；安排setaboutdoingsth着手做某事setouttodosth着手做某事(口头通知)请注意！我们将于周日上午8点在学校门口出发去养老院，我们一到那里，就打算着手帮助老人。此外，在返回学校之前，我们打算留出半个小时，旨在记下我们一天的经历。Attention，please！We’llsetoff/outforthenursinghomeat8amonSundayattheschoolgateandtheinstantwearrivethere，we’llsetabouthelping/setouttohelptheelderly.Furthermore，beforereturningtoourschool，weintendtosetasidehalfanhour，aimingtosetdownwhatwehaveexperiencedduringtheday.完全倒装Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。常用完全倒装的几种情况：•作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；•表示方位、地点或时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；•表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；•代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。(1)Insidethebagsare(be)necessitiesboughtfirstwithherpocketmoneyandthenthroughcrowdfunding.(2)(2025•全国一，读后续写)我敲门时，心怦怦直跳。哥哥走了出来，脸上满是惊讶。我把饼干递给他，饼干盒上还附着一张便条——我在便条里为聚会时自己的考虑不周向他表达了诚挚的歉意。MyheartracedasIknockedonthedoor.Outcamemybrotherwithasurprisedlook.Ihandedhimthebiscuits.AttachedtothebiscuitcasewasanoteinwhichIconveyedmysincereapologyformythoughtlessnessduringthegathering.(3)(话题写作之人物介绍)这就是我的叔叔，一个热心而慷慨的人，他总是愿意帮助处于困境中的人。Suchismyuncle，awarm-heartedandgenerousperson，whoisalwaysreadytohelpothersintrouble.1．Withthevolume①ofmyCDplayerturneddown，Ibegantoreadabookinthreevolumes②，fromwhichIlearnedthatthevolume③oftrafficontheroadshadsharplyincreased.①n.音量②n.(书的)卷，册③n.(生产、交通等的)量2．Thebossdismissed①ourproposalanddismissed②uswithawaveofthehand.Hefinallydeterminedtodismiss③onethirdofthestaffandtheunemployedworkerscouldn’tdismiss④theirinnersadness.①v.拒绝考虑，否定②v.让(某人)离开③v.解雇④v.消除(顾虑等)3．Mymotherleftmeanote①readingthatIshouldtakenotes②whenstudyingandnoted③thatImustnote④whatmyteachersemphasizedinclass.Besides，sheleftafive-poundnote⑤ontheTVstand，enablingmetobuymydinner.①n.便条②n.笔记③v.指出④v.注意⑤n.纸币提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇1．Itwasthedrilling(drill)hehadatschoolthathelpedhimunlockhispotentialinproblem-solving.2．Thecosmeticscompanyhasabandonedplansforfurtherexpansion(expand)duetomanyfactors.3．Thepolicehaveinterferedwiththecomplaint，andnowtheyarelookingintoitinthehopeofsolvingitsoon.4．Politenessisamarkofcivilisation(civilise)，whichtherebyshouldbestrengthenedinoursociety.5．Thecompanyhiredaprofessionalconsultanttoguidetheteamincarryingoutathoroughinvestigation(investigate)intoconsumerneeds.6．Therefore，don’tleavethewaterrunning(run)whenyoubrushyourteeth，whichcansavemuchwater.7．Tocoverhismother’smedicalbills，thefreshmandidn’tshrinkfrompart-timejobswhileinsistingonstudies.Whiledivinginthedeepwatersofatrench，somedivershappenedtodiscoverawholecity1.buried(bury)beneaththewavesaswellasashipwreck2.which/thatwasfullofcorals.This3.discovery(discover)intriguedsomearchaeologists.They4.immediately(immediate)threwthemselvesintolookingintothehistoryofthecityand5.howitfellintoruin.Furthermore，inthemiddleoftheinvestigation，theysuddenlyfoundsome6.mysterious(mystery)creaturesswimmingaroundthem.Theysubduedtheirfearanddidn’tshrinkbutinstead,7.continued(continue)theirinvestigation.Butwiththeexpansionofthenumberofthesestrangecreatures，theyrealizedanotableproblem—8.itwasnolongersafetostayinthewater.Afterthinkingtwice，theydecidedtostop9.delving(delve)deeper，abandonthecityaswellastheship，retreat，runfortheirlife，andmakeagetaway.Thentheysteeredclearoftheunknownandsetout10.togo(go)home.Afterall，lifeisthemostimportant.假如你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你将向来自美国的交换生进行一场演讲，介绍恐龙灭绝的原因，内容包括目前具有较高可信度的三个理论：气候变化说、大陆漂移说和物种斗争说，请用英文写一篇演讲稿。完成句子1．在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同理论中有三个相对可靠的理论。(完全倒装)Amongallthedifferenttheoriesonthereasonsfortheextinctionofdinosaursarethreerelativelyreliableones.2．地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被活活冻死。(bring...toruin)Thesuddenchangeoftheearth’sclimatebroughtthemtoruin，anddinosaurswerefrozentodeathduetotheseverecold.3．根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。(setdown；what引导的宾语从句)Accordingtowhatsomearchaeologistssetdown，thecontinentaldriftmadethelandbecometheoceanbutdinosaurscouldn’tswim.4．新物种——恐龙的天敌——出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙不可能繁殖后代。(withabandon；现在分词短语作状语)Newspecies，dinosaurs’naturalenemies，emergedandatedinosaureggswithabandon，makingitimpossiblefordinosaurstoreproducetheirbabies.5．随着时间的流逝，被埋在地下的恐龙的尸体逐渐成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产生和从这个星球上消失的。(with复合结构；bury；sothat)Withtimegoingby，thebodiesofdinosaursburiedundergroundgraduallybecamefossilssothathumanbeingscanstudyhowtheycameintobeinganddisappearedfromtheplanet.组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80个词左右的短文。参考范文Hello，everyone！Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtointroducehowdinosaursbecameextinct.Amongallthedifferenttheoriesonthereasonsfortheextinctionofdinosaursarethreerelativelyreliableones.First，thesuddenchangeoftheearth’sclimatebroughtthemtoruin，anddinosaurswerefrozentodeathduetotheseverecold.Second，accordingtowhatsomearchaeologistssetdown，thecontinentaldriftmadethelandbecometheoceanbutdinosaurscouldn’tswim.Thirdly，newspecies，dinosaurs’naturalenemies，emergedandatedinosaureggswithabandon，makingitimpossiblefordinosaurstoreproducetheirbabies.Withtimegoingby，thebodiesofdinosaursburiedundergroundgraduallybecamefossilssothathumanbeingscanstudyhowtheycameintobeinganddisappearedfromtheplanet.That’sall.Thankyouforyourlistening.语料积累主题语境结尾升华技巧：成长类写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如下：诀窍一：因学习知识而成长Astheoldsayinggoes，it’snevertoolatetolearn.Eachindividualhasaccesstomorechallengesandmakemoreprogresswithgreatefforts.正如俗语所说，活到老，学到老。每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得更大的进步。诀窍二：因发现天赋而成长Onlybyfindingyourowntalentandmakingmoreeffortscanyoumakemiraclesintheend.只有找到自己的天赋，付出更多的努力，你才能最终创造奇迹。诀窍三：因追求梦想而成长Onlyifwearebraveenoughtopursueourdreamscanwerealizewhatwearelookingforwardto.只有我们勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。诀窍四：因克服恐惧而成长Ittakesdeterminationandoptimismtoconquerourinnerfearandturnourgoalsintoreality.要克服我们内心的恐惧并把我们的目标变成现实，就需要决心和乐观。诀窍五：因克服自卑而成长IcrackedasmileasIwasfinallyawareoftherealsourceofconfidence.Atpresent，ItakeprideinwhatIlikebecauseIhaverealizedthatitisyourpersonalitythatdetermineswhoyoutrulyare.我笑了，因为我终于意识到自信的真正来源。现在，我为我喜欢的东西感到骄傲，因为我意识到，是你的个性决定了你真正是谁。诀窍六：因战胜困难而成长Neveristhejourneytosuccesssmooth.Itisfilledwithchallengesanddifficulties.Weoughttobecourageousenoughtofacethem.Aslongaswedon’tquitandsparenoefforttogetoverhardships，wewilldefinitelyachieveourambitions.成功之路无坦途。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。诀窍七：因战胜消极而成长Ican’temphasizetheimportanceofapositiveattitudetoomuch.Neithercanwechangeourpastnorcanwechangefacts.Butwhatwecandoisholdapositiveattitude.我再怎么强调积极态度的重要性也不为过。我们既不能改变过去，也不能改变事实。但我们能做的就是保持积极的态度。语料运用深海探险Ihavebeenthrowingmyselfintoreadingawesomeunderseaadventurestories，dreamingofbecomingadeep-seaexplorer.Evenifthemaincharacterscameacrossdifficulties，neitherwouldtheyretreat①norwouldtheyrunfortheirlivesassoonaspossible(部分倒装)．Instead，theytriedtheirbesttolookintothemysteriousdeepsea.Innowaywouldthey②abandonexploringthecolorfuldeepsea.Unlesstheywereattheriskoflosingtheirlives，theywouldn’tretreat.Fromthestories，③Iamawarethatneveristhejourneytosuccesssmooth.Itisfilledwithchallengesanddifficulties.Weoughttobecourageousenoughtofacethem.④Aslongaswedon’tquitandsparenoefforttogetoverhardships，wewilldefinitelyachieveourambitions(主题升华句)．IbelievethatwithstrongdeterminationIcanbecomeanexcellentdeep-seaexplorer.我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。即使主人公们遇到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。他们绝不会放弃探索多彩的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。从这些故事中，我意识到成功之路无坦途。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。我相信，有了坚定的决心，我可以成为一名很棒的深海探险家。单元主题组合练(分值：60分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，满分17.5分)AWhileIceland’sauroraborealis(北极光)drawsmillions，thisNordicislandoffers①year-roundwondersfarbeyondit.Fromvolcaniclandscapestosustainabletourisminitiatives，here’swhyIcelandshouldtopyourtravellist.TheGoldenCircle’sHiddenGemsMostvisitorsflocktotheGoldenCircle’siconictrio:ThingvellirNationalPark，Geysirhotsprings，andGullfosswaterfall.However，fewexplorethenearbyFriðheimarTomatoFarm.Thisgeothermalgreenhouseservestomato-baseddishes(trytheBloodyMarysoup！)whiledemonstratingIceland’srenewableenergyinnovations.Westfjords:UntamedWildernessEscapecrowdsintheremoteWestfjords.HikeHornstrandirNatureReserve’scliffswhereArcticfoxesroamfreely.Don’tmisstheDynjandiwaterfall—a100-meterwaterfallresemblingabridalveil.Localtip:Renta4×4car;gravelroadsrequiresturdyvehicles.SustainableSoakingBlueLagoon(泻湖)maybefamous，butconsiderless-knowngeothermalpools.SkyLagoonnearReykjavikoffersaseven-stepritualblendingVikingtraditionswithmodernspatherapies.Foreco-conscioustravelers，VokBathsinEastIcelanduse100%naturalgeothermalwaterwithoutartificialheating.MidnightSunAdventuresVisitbetweenMay－Julyfor24-hourdaylight.JoinlocalshikingMountEsjaatmidnightorkayakingJökulsárlónGlacierLagoonunderthegoldenglow.ProphotographersrecommendcapturingSeljalandsfosswaterfallwiththesunhoveringat2AM.ResponsibleTravelNoteWithovertourismconcerns，authoritiesurgevisitorsto：•Sticktomarkedtrails•Chooseeco-certifiedaccommodations(lookforVakinnlabels)•SupportruralcommunitiesbyvisitingEastIcelandandtheHighlandsWhentoGo•Winter(Nov－Mar):NorthernLights，icecaves•Summer(Jun－Aug):Midnightsun，puffin(海鹦)colonies•②Shoulderseasons:Lowerprices，fewercrowds语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了冰岛全年值得体验的特色景点和可持续旅行建议。1．WhatissuggestedforvisitorsexploringtheWestfjords?A．Trytomato-baseddishes.B．WatchoutforArcticfoxes.C．Renta4×4vehicleforgravelroads.D．JointhecrowdsattheDynjandiwaterfall.答案C解析细节理解题。根据Westfjords：UntamedWilderness部分中的“Localtip：Renta4×4car;gravelroadsrequiresturdyvehicles.”可知，西峡湾路况特殊需特定车型。选项C“租赁四驱车应对碎石路”与原文完全对应。故选C。2．Whichactivityisrecommendedforenvironmentallyfriendlytravelers?A．Goonmidnightsunadventures.B．HikeoffmarkedtrailsinHornstrandir.C．SoakintheBlueLagoon’sheatedpools.D．VisitVokBathsusingnaturalgeothermalwater.答案D解析细节理解题。根据SustainableSoaking部分中的“VokBathsinEastIcelanduse100%naturalgeothermalwaterwithoutartificialheating”可知，使用天然地热水的Vok浴场符合环保理念。故选D。3．Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A．Atravelguide.B．Ageographytextbook.C．Aproductadvertisement.D．Anentertainmentmagazine.答案A解析文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“WhileIceland’sauroraborealis(北极光)drawsmillions，thisNordicislandoffersyear-roundwondersfarbeyondit.Fromvolcaniclandscapestosustainabletourisminitiatives，here’swhyIcelandshouldtopyourtravellist.”以及小标题可知，全文通过小标题分模块推荐景点(如“黄金圈隐藏瑰宝”)、提供旅行贴士(如“责任旅行须知”)和季节建议(如“何时前往”)，具有典型旅游指南特征。故选A。语境猜词①year-round(合)＝year＋roundadj.整年的②shoulderseason平季B(2025·山西大同三模)Completedin1914，the81.3-kilometer-longPanamaCanalbetweenNorthandSouthAmericaistheshortestroutebetweentheAtlanticandPacific.Itsavesshipsmorethan11,000kilometersfromgoingaroundCapeHornatSouthAmerica’ssoutherntip.Today，abouttwothirdsoftrafficthroughthecanaloriginatesorendsintheUS.AfterAmerica，thebiggestcustomerisChina，followedbyChileandJapan.ButthefactthatacanalexistsinPanamaisitselfamiracle(奇迹)．InhisbookThePathBetweentheSeas，historianDavidMcCullough①detailedthechallengestomakethecanalpossible.AfterseveraleffortstodigacanalinPanamawerestoppedbyyellowfever，malaria，andthedeathsof20,000internationalworkers，theUStookovertheproject.Wantingtostartfreshin1902，mostofthedecision-makersintheUSgovernmentpreferredaroutethroughNicaraguainsteadofPanama.ButaFrenchengineernamedPhilippeBunau-VarillalobbiedthemtostickwithPanama.Thestorymightbe②boileddownlikethis:Aweekbeforethevote，Bunau-VarillareceivedaletterfromNicaraguawithastampthatshowedNicaragua’sMomotombovolcanoerupting.HevisitedeverystampshopinWashington，D.C.andbought90copiesofthestampandsentonetoeachdecision-maker.ThestampsmadeabigdifferenceandthefinalvoteinfavorofPanamaoverNicaraguawas42：32.Formorethanacentury，Nicaraguahasn’tforgottenthecanalitalmosthad.Yearsago，Nicaragua’sgovernmentapprovedaplanfromaChinesecompanytoexploreanewandimprovedcanalwithanoilpipeline，arailwayandanairport.Theproposedbudgetforthe170-milecanalisabout$40billion.InanarrangementsimilartoPanama’s，Nicaraguawillstartwith10%equity(股权)，andgainmoreeachyearuntilitistheonlyowneracenturyfromnow.Ifeverythinggoeswell，Nicaragua’sdreamwilleventuallycometrue.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍巴拿马运河的基本情况、修建历程中的关键事件，以及尼加拉瓜计划修建新运河的动态。4．WhatcanbelearnedaboutthePanamaCanal?A．Itisabout81kilometerslong.B．ItistheshortestpathtoCapeHorn.C．Chinaisitsbiggestcustomeratpresent.D．Theefforttobuildthecanalstartedin1902.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“Completedin1914，the81.3-kilometer-longPanamaCanalbetweenNorthandSouthAmericaistheshortestroutebetweentheAtlanticandPacific.”可知，巴拿马运河长度约为81千米。故选A。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lobbied”inparagraph3mean?A．Persuaded. B．Paid.C．Blamed. D．Forced.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第三段“Wantingtostartfreshin1902，mostofthedecision-makersintheUSgovernmentpreferredaroutethroughNicaraguainsteadofPanama.ButaFrenchengineernamedPhilippeBunau-VarillalobbiedthemtostickwithPanama.”及第四段通过邮票影响投票的细节可知，菲利普·比诺-瓦里拉是想说服美国不要改变运河的选址，继续在巴拿马开凿，所以画线单词的意思与“说服”意义相近。故选A。6．WhywastheUSgovernment’snewplanabandoned?A．TheFrenchgovernmentopposedit.B．ThecostsweretoohighfortheUS.C．Itfailedtoconsiderthethreatofavolcano.D．Itwouldtakemuchlongertimetocarryitout.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段中“Aweekbeforethevote，Bunau-VarillareceivedaletterfromNicaraguawithastampthatshowedNicaragua’sMomotombovolcanoerupting...thefinalvoteinfavorofPanamaoverNicaraguawas42：32.”可知，美国政府因尼加拉瓜火山风险放弃其路线。故选C。7．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Nicaragua’sdreams.B．AnewplanforNicaragua.C．ThePanamaCanalcontract.D．Risksofanewarrangement.答案B解析段落大意题。根据最后一段中“Yearsago，Nicaragua’sgovernmentapprovedaplanfromaChinesecompanytoexploreanewandimprovedcanal...gainmoreeachyearuntilitistheonlyowneracenturyfromnow.”可知，最后一段主要介绍了尼加拉瓜的新运河计划。故选B。语境猜词①detail(转)n．→v.详细描述②boildown概括；归纳Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)Daydreaming，oftendismissedasawasteoftime，isincreasinglyrecognizedasavitalcognitiveprocess.Farfrombeingasignoflaziness，daydreamingallowsthebraintoexploreideas，solveproblemsandfostercreativity.Recentstudiesinneurosciencehaverevealedthecomplexmechanismsbehindthismentalactivity.Whenwedaydream，thebrainentersastateknownasthe“defaultmodenetwork”(DMN)．1Thisnetworkbecomesactivewhenwearenotfocusedontheoutsideworld，enablingthebrainto①processinformation，consolidatememoriesandgeneratenewideas.Forexample，manybreakthroughsinscienceandarthaveemergedfrommomentsofspontaneousdaydreaming.Contrarytopopularbelief，daydreamingisnotapassiveactivity.Itrequiressignificantmentalenergyandinvolvescomplexneuralactivity.Researchshowsthatduringdaydreaming，thebrainengagesinhigh-levelcognitiveprocesses，suchasplanning，②self-reflectionandemotionalregulation.2Moreover，daydreamingcanenhanceproblem-solvingabilities.Byexploringinthedaydream，manypeoplecanfindwaystotackletheproblems.3Byallowingthemindtowander，wecanapproachchallengesfromnewperspectivesanduncoverinnovativesolutions.Studieshavefoundthatindividualswhodaydreamregularlytendtoperformbetterontasksrequiringcreativethinking.4Negativedaydreamingpatternscaninterferewithmentalhealthanddailyfunctioning.Excessiveornegativedaydreaming，oftenlinkedtomeditation，canleadtoanxietyandreducedproductivity.Thekeyistostrikeabalancebetweenfocusedworkandintentionaldaydreaming.Toharness(利用)thebenefitsofdaydreaming，it’simportanttocreateopportunitiesforit.5Forinstance，takingshortbreaksduringworkorengaginginactivitieslikewalkingcanstimulatetheDMNandpromoteproductivedaydreaming.A．However，notalldaydreamingisbeneficial.B．TheDMNisanetworkofbrainregionsthatactivateduringrestfulstates.C．Theseactivitiesareessentialforlong-termgoalsettingandpersonalgrowth.D．Daydreamingismosteffectivewhencombinedwithperiodsofintensefocus.E．Thebrain’sabilitytoswitchbetweenfocusedattentionanddaydreamingiscrucial.F．Italsocanimproveemotionaltoughnessbyhelpingusprocessdifficultexperiences.G．Structureddaydreaming，suchasguidedvisualization，canenhanceitspositiveeffects.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了白日梦的认知价值及其神经机制，分析了其积极作用如促进创造力、解决问题和潜在负面影响，并提出有效利用白日梦的方法。1．答案B解析根据上文“Whenwedaydream，thebrainentersastateknownasthe‘defaultmodenetwork’(DMN)”可知，选项需承接上文解释DMN的定义。B选项“DMN是大脑在休息状态下激活的区域网络”符合语境。故选B。2．答案C解析根据上文“Researchshowsthatduringdaydreaming，thebrainengagesinhigh-levelcognitiveprocesses，suchasplanning，self-reflectionandemotionalregulation.”可知，选项应承接上文说明这些活动的作用。C选项“这些活动对长期目标设定和个人成长至关重要”符合语境。故选C。3．答案F解析根据上文“Moreover，daydreamingcanenhanceproblem-solvingabilities.Byexploringinthedaydream，manypeoplecanfindwaystotackletheproblems.”可知，选项应承接上文说明白日梦的其他益处。F选项“它还能通过帮助我们处理困难经历来提升情绪韧性”符合语境。故选F。4．答案A解析根据下文“Negativedaydreamingpatternscaninterferewithmentalhealthanddailyfunctioning.”可知，选项应引出白日梦的负面影响。A选项“然而，并非所有白日梦都有益”符合语境。故选A。5．答案D解析根据上文“Toharness(利用)thebenefitsofdaydreaming，it’simportanttocreateopportunitiesforit.”和下文“Forinstance，taking...duringwork...”可知，选项应承接上文，具体说明为白日梦创造机会。D选项“白日梦在与集中注意力的阶段相结合时是最有效的”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。语境猜词①process(转)n．→v.加工，处理②self-reflection(合)＝self＋reflectionn．自我反省Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，满分15分)(2026·广东广州模拟预测)Lastspring，ClaraandIteamedupforaschoolgeologyprojectstudyingunusualrockformationsonPineHill.1withnotebooksandbasictools，wesetoffeagerly，2thatthisadventurewouldteachusmorethanjustaboutrocks.Thefirsttwodayswentsmoothly.Wedrewstonepatternsandrecordedcolourvariations.Clara’sartisticabilities3wellwithmysystematicdatacollectionskills.However，onWednesdaymorning，4struck.Whileclimbingtoourusualobservationspot，Itripped，sendingourmeasurement5rollingdownthehillside.Myheartsankaswewatchedouronlycompass(指南针)disappearintothickbushes.“Withoutthosetools...”Isaid，①frustrationchokingmyvoice.“Wait，”Clarainterrupted，6theafternoonshadowsstretchingacrosstherocks.“RememberwhatMrEvanstaughtaboutusingnaturalmarkers？”Hereyeslitupwitha(n)7.Wespenttheafternoon8.ClaratrackedshadowlengthswhileIcomparedrocklayers.Whenshadowsproved9，weusedfern(蕨类植物)growthpatternsasdirectionalguides.Sometimeswearguedaboutmethods，but10ourapproachescametogetherlikebuildingblocks.ByFriday，we’dcreatedan11mappingsystemusingnature’sclues.Ourfinalpresentati