2026年内蒙古护理专升本模拟试卷及参考答案

2026年内蒙古护理专升本模拟试卷及参考答案一、公共英语部分（满分100分）（一）词汇与语法结构（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。1.Bytheendof2026,thenumberofregisterednursesingrasslandpastoralareasofInnerMongolia______by18%comparedwith2023,accordingtotheregionalhealthdevelopmentplan.A.hasincreasedB.willhaveincreasedC.hadincreasedD.isincreasing2.______theharshclimateinremotepastoralareas,thevolunteernursingteaminsistsonprovidingregularhomecareservicesfortheelderly.A.InspiteofB.IncaseofC.DuetoD.Asaresultof3.Thenursesuggestedthatthepatientwithhypertension______lesssaltandmorefreshvegetablesindailydiet.A.takesB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took4.Itisbecauseofherrichclinicalexperience______shewaschosenastheheadnurseoftheemergencydepartment.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.who5.Whenyouprepareanintramuscularinjection,youmust______thatthesyringeiscompletelysterilized.A.assureB.ensureC.insureD.reassure6.Thepatientwhorecoveredfromrespiratoryinfectionstillhadaweakcough,sothedoctorrecommended______deepbreathingexerciseeverymorning.A.doB.doingC.todoD.done7.Notuntilthelastpatientwassenttotheward______offworkyesterday.A.didthechargenursegoB.wentthechargenurseC.thechargenursewentD.thechargenursedidgo8.Thenewregulationrequiresthatallclinicalnurses______regularprofessionaltrainingeveryyeartoupdatenursingknowledge.A.receiveB.receivesC.willreceiveD.wouldreceive9.Comparedwithoraladministration,intravenousinfusionhasa______onsetofdrugeffect,whichismoresuitableforemergencypatients.A.slowerB.fasterC.similarD.delayed10.______intheclinicalnursingworkfor30years,shehasnevermadeaseriousmedicalerror.A.WorkingB.WorkedC.HavingworkedD.Towork11.Thelocalhealthbureauhaslaunchedanewproject,______aimistoimprovethenursingabilityofgrass-rootsmedicalinstitutions.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.what12.IfI______you,Iwouldcommunicatewiththepatient’sfamilyfirstbeforeimplementingthespecialnursingoperation.A.amB.wasC.wereD.been13.TheincidenceofchronicobstructivepulmonarydiseaseinInnerMongoliaishigherthanthenationalaverage______thelargesmokingpopulationandlongcoldwinter.A.thankstoB.accordingtoC.duetoD.insteadof14.ThisBradenpressureinjuryriskassessmentscale______toscreentheriskofpressureinjuryinlong-termbedriddenpatients.A.usesB.isusedC.usedD.isusing15.Neithertheheadnursenorthenursesonduty______awareofthesuddenchangeofthepatient’sconditionlastnight.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are（二）阅读理解（共10小题，每小题4分，共40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。Passage1NursinghomesinInnerMongoliahavebeenexpandinghomecareservicesfortheelderlyinpastoralareasoverthepastfiveyears.AccordingtodatafromtheInnerMongoliaHealthCommission,by2024,morethan120,000elderlypeopleover65livinginremotepastoralareashavereceivedregularfreehomenursingservices,includingbloodpressuremeasurement,bloodglucosetesting,pressureinjurycare,andmedicationguidance.Unlikeurbanelderly,mostherdersliveinscatteredareas,whichbringsgreatchallengestohomecareservices.Tosolvethisproblem,localhealthdepartmentshaveequippedeachnursingteamwithoff-roadvehiclesandremoteconsultationequipment,allowingnursestocontactspecialistdoctorsinthecitydirectlywhenencounteringcomplexconditions.A2024surveyshowsthat92%ofpastoralelderlyaresatisfiedwiththecurrenthomenursingservices,andthehospitalizationrateofcommonchronicdiseasesamongthegrouphasdroppedby21%since2020.In2025,InnerMongoliaplanstoadd500newhomenursingpostsandtrain2,000grassrootsnursestofurthercovertheunmetdemandinthemostremotepastoralareas.Theprojectisexpectedtobenefitanother40,000elderlyherdersbytheendof2026.1.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.ThechallengeofhomecareinInnerMongoliapastoralareasB.ThedevelopmentofhomenursingservicesfortheelderlyinInnerMongoliapastoralareasC.HowtoimprovenursingabilityingrassrootsmedicalinstitutionsD.Thesatisfactionofpastoralelderlywithmedicalservices2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingservicesisnotmentionedaspartofthefreehomenursing?A.BloodpressuremeasurementB.MedicationguidanceC.SurgeryoperationD.Bloodglucosetesting3.Whatmeasureshavebeentakentosolvetheproblemofscatteredresidenceinpastoralareas?A.BuildingmorenursinghomesinpastoralareasB.TrainingmorelocalherderstobenursesC.Equippingnursingteamswithoff-roadvehiclesandremoteconsultationequipmentD.Reducingthemedicalcostfortheelderly4.Bywhatpercentagehasthehospitalizationrateofchronicdiseasesamongpastoralelderlydroppedsince2020?A.12%B.21%C.92%D.18%5.HowmanynewhomenursingpostswillbeaddedinInnerMongoliain2025?A.500B.1200C.2000D.40000Passage2Handhygieneisoneofthemosteffectivemeasurestopreventhospital-associatedinfection(HAI).AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),properhandhygienecanreducetheincidenceofHAIbymorethan30%.However,a2023surveyof20tertiaryhospitalsinInnerMongoliashowedthattheoverallhandhygienecompliancerateofclinicalnursesis78%,whichisstilllowerthanthenationaltargetof95%.Themainreasonsforlowcomplianceincludeheavynursingworkload,lackofhandhygienefacilitiesinsomewards,andinsufficientawarenessoftheriskofcrossinfection.Toimprovethesituation,theInnerMongoliaNursingAssociationlaunchedahandhygienepromotionprogramin2024,whichincludesmandatorytrainingforallclinicalnurses,addinghandsanitizerdispensersatthebedsideofeachpatient,andregularinspectionandpublicfeedback.Afteroneyearofimplementation,theaveragehandhygienecomplianceratehasincreasedto89%,andtheincidenceofHAIinparticipatinghospitalshasdroppedby15%.Expertspointoutthathandhygieneisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnurses,butalsorequirestheparticipationofpatientsandtheirfamilies.Promotinghandhygieneinclinicalworkcaneffectivelyprotectbothmedicalstaffandpatients,andimprovetheoverallqualityofnursingcare.6.AccordingtoWHO,howmuchcanproperhandhygienereducetheincidenceofHAI?A.Lessthan15%B.Lessthan30%C.Morethan30%D.Morethan50%7.Whatisthenationaltargetofhandhygienecompliancerateforclinicalnurses?A.78%B.89%C.92%D.95%8.Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonforlowhandhygienecompliancementionedinthepassage?A.HeavynursingworkloadB.LackofhandhygienefacilitiesC.LowsalaryofnursesD.Insufficientawarenessofcrossinfectionrisk9.Whatistheaveragehandhygienecompliancerateaftertheimplementationofthepromotionprogram?A.78%B.89%C.95%D.15%10.Accordingtothepassage,handhygienecan______.A.reducetheincidenceofhospital-associatedinfectionB.increasethenursingworkloadC.improvethesalaryofnursesD.reducethenumberofpatientsinhospital（三）短文写作（共30分）假设你是一名即将进入临床工作的护理专业学生，请以“TheQualitiesofaGoodNurse”为题，写一篇100-120词的英语短文，要求要点明确，语言通顺。二、专业综合部分（基础护理学+内科护理学，满分200分）（一）单项选择题（共40小题，每小题2分，共80分）1.成人脉搏短绌的正确测量方法是A.先测脉率，再测心率，测1分钟B.先测心率，再测脉率，测1分钟C.一人测心率，一人测脉率，同时测1分钟D.一人测心率，一人测脉率，同时测2分钟2.成人胸外心脏按压的正确部位是A.胸骨中上1/3交界处B.胸骨中下1/3交界处C.胸骨中段D.剑突下3.下列哪种药物中毒时禁忌洗胃A.敌敌畏B.敌百虫C.强碱D.巴比妥类4.颅内压增高患者吸氧的主要目的是A.降低颅内压B.改善脑缺氧，减轻脑水肿C.防止脑梗塞D.促进呼吸功能恢复5.为昏迷患者进行口腔护理时，不需要准备的物品是A.压舌板B.弯盘C.吸水管D.止血钳6.大量不保留灌肠的禁忌证不包括A.妊娠B.急腹症C.消化道出血D.便秘7.静脉输液时，发生急性肺水肿的典型症状是A.发绀，胸闷B.面色苍白，血压下降C.咳嗽，咳粉红色泡沫样痰D.心悸，烦躁不安8.乙型肝炎患者出院，终末消毒处理错误的是A.病室开窗通风B.病床用含氯消毒剂擦拭C.被服直接清洗后暴晒D.患者用过的物品分类消毒9.支气管扩张患者最典型的痰液特点是A.果酱样痰B.铁锈色痰C.分层痰D.粉红色泡沫样痰10.成人高血压的诊断标准是未服药情况下A.收缩压≥130mmHg和/或舒张压≥80mmHgB.收缩压≥140mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHgC.收缩压≥150mmHg和/或舒张压≥90mmHgD.收缩压≥160mmHg和/或舒张压≥100mmHg11.消化性溃疡最常见的并发症是A.出血B.穿孔C.幽门梗阻D.癌变12.糖尿病患者最常见的急性并发症是A.糖尿病酮症酸中毒B.高渗高血糖综合征C.感染D.低血糖13.脑梗死患者发病多长时间内可以进行静脉溶栓治疗A.3小时B.6小时C.12小时D.24小时14.慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者长期家庭氧疗的氧流量是A.1-2L/minB.2-4L/minC.4-6L/minD.6-8L/min15.心包积液患者最突出的症状是A.胸痛B.呼吸困难C.咳嗽D.乏力16.肝硬化最常见的并发症是A.上消化道出血B.肝性脑病C.感染D.原发性肝癌17.急性肾小球肾炎患者首发症状是A.水肿B.血尿C.蛋白尿D.高血压18.类风湿性关节炎最常受累的关节是A.四肢大关节B.脊柱关节C.腕、掌指、近端指间关节D.髋关节19.一氧化碳中毒最容易受损的器官是A.肾脏B.心脏C.脑D.肺20.高热患者降温灌肠时，灌肠液的温度是A.4℃B.28-32℃C.39-41℃D.37℃21.护士为患者进行青霉素皮试前，首先应该询问的是A.用药史B.过敏史C.家族史D.现病史22.测量血压时，若袖带缠得太松，会导致测量结果A.偏高B.偏低C.无影响D.脉压减小23.库存血在4℃冰箱中保存的有效期是A.1-3天B.1周C.2-3周D.1个月24.发生青霉素过敏性休克时，首先注射的抢救药物是A.地塞米松B.苯海拉明C.盐酸肾上腺素D.异丙肾上腺素25.下列哪种情况需要严密隔离A.霍乱B.肺结核C.乙型肝炎D.流行性感冒26.最常见的输液反应是A.发热反应B.过敏反应C.静脉炎D.空气栓塞27.慢性心功能不全患者长期服用噻嗪类利尿剂，最容易出现的不良反应是A.低钠血症B.低钾血症C.高钾血症D.高镁血症28.心绞痛发作时，首选的缓解药物是A.硝酸甘油舌下含服B.阿司匹林口服C.吗啡肌注D.卡托普利口服29.确诊胃癌最可靠的方法是A.消化道钡餐B.胃镜检查加组织活检C.大便隐血试验D.CT检查30.肝性脑病昏迷期患者禁忌摄入的营养物质是A.碳水化合物B.蛋白质C.脂肪D.维生素31.上消化道出血最常见的病因是A.消化性溃疡B.肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张破裂C.急性胃粘膜病变D.胃癌32.成人正常空腹血糖值范围（静脉血浆葡萄糖）是A.3.5-5.6mmol/LB.3.9-6.1mmol/LC.4.2-6.4mmol/LD.4.5-7.0mmol/L33.脑出血最常见的出血部位是A.脑桥B.小脑C.基底节区D.脑室34.支气管哮喘急性发作时，首选的支气管舒张剂是A.β2受体激动剂B.糖皮质激素C.抗胆碱能药物D.茶碱类35.肾盂肾炎最常见的感染途径是A.上行感染B.血行感染C.淋巴道感染D.直接感染36.基础代谢率的计算公式是A.基础代谢率=（脉率+脉压）-111B.基础代谢率=（脉率+收缩压）-111C.基础代谢率=（脉率+舒张压）-111D.基础代谢率=（脉压+脉率）-10137.为成年男性患者导尿，导尿管插入尿道的正确深度是A.12-14cmB.14-16cmC.18-20cmD.20-22cm38.吸气性呼吸困难常见于A.支气管哮喘B.阻塞性肺气肿C.气管异物D.肺炎39.原发性蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的病因是A.高血压B.脑动脉粥样硬化C.颅内动脉瘤破裂D.血液病40.长期卧床患者预防压疮，翻身间隔时间一般是A.1小时B.2小时C.3小时D.4小时（二）多项选择题（共10小题，每小题3分，共30分，多选、少选、错选均不得分）1.无菌技术操作原则包括A.环境清洁宽敞B.工作人员着装规范C.无菌物品与非无菌物品分开放置D.无菌物品取出后未使用可放回无菌容器E.操作中手臂保持在腰部以上2.大量快速输入库存血可能引起的并发症包括A.急性肺水肿B.出血倾向C.低体温D.碱中毒E.高血钾3.下列属于一级护理适应症的有A.病情趋向稳定的重症患者B.手术后或者治疗期间需要严格卧床的患者C.生活完全不能自理且病情不稳定的患者D.生活部分自理，病情随时可能发生变化的患者E.病情危重，随时可能发生变化需要抢救的患者4.慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要症状包括A.慢性咳嗽B.咳痰C.气短或呼吸困难D.喘息和胸闷E.体重下降5.冠心病的主要危险因素包括A.高血压B.高血脂C.吸烟D.糖尿病E.肥胖6.糖尿病慢性并发症包括A.糖尿病肾病B.糖尿病视网膜病变C.糖尿病足D.糖尿病酮症酸中毒E.周围神经病变7.脑梗死的可控危险因素包括A.高血压B.心房颤动C.吸烟D.高血脂E.糖尿病8.对于急性肺水肿患者，正确的护理措施有A.立即协助患者取端坐位，双腿下垂B.给予高流量6-8L/min乙醇湿化吸氧C.遵医嘱给予利尿剂、扩血管药D.必要时进行四肢轮扎E.加快输液速度补充血容量9.胃十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔患者的临床表现包括A.突发上腹部刀割样剧痛B.腹肌紧张呈板状腹C.压痛、反跳痛明显D.肠鸣音亢进E.X线检查可见膈下游离气体10.下列关于压疮分期的描述，正确的有A.Ⅰ期：皮肤完整，出现压之不褪色的局限性红斑B.Ⅱ期：表皮和/或真皮缺损，出现开放性溃疡或水疱C.Ⅲ期：全层皮肤缺损，可见皮下脂肪，但骨骼肌腱未暴露D.Ⅳ期：全层皮肤缺损，伴有骨骼肌腱暴露E.不可分期：全层皮肤缺损，创面被腐肉覆盖，无法确定深度（三）判断题（共10小题，每小题2分，共20分，正确打√，错误打×）1.成人安静状态下正常呼吸频率是12-20次/分。（）2.插胃管时，患者出现呛咳发绀，提示胃管误入气管，应立即拔出休息后重新插入。（）3.对经常需要注射的患者，应交替更换注射部位，避开硬结和瘢痕。（）4.抢救青霉素过敏性休克时，盐酸肾上腺素的常规给药途径是皮下注射。（）5.肝硬化腹水患者应严格控制水钠摄入，一般进水量限制在每日1000ml左右。（）6.急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者最早出现最突出的症状是心前区压榨性疼痛。（）7.肺结核患者的痰液最简便有效的灭菌方法是焚烧。（）8.为了防止发生低血糖，糖尿病患者应该空腹运动。（）9.体温骤降常提示患者病情好转，不会引起不良反应。（）10.慢性支气管炎的诊断标准是每年咳嗽咳痰连续3个月，持续2年或以上，并排除其他心肺疾病。（）（四）简答题（共3小题，每小题10分，共30分）1.简述青霉素过敏性休克的临床表现和急救处理措施。2.简述慢性心力衰竭患者的饮食护理要点。3.简述压疮发生的主要危险因素。（五）案例分析题（共2小题，每小题20分，共40分）1.患者男性，65岁，蒙古族，有10年高血压病史，未规律服用降压药，今日情绪激动后突发剧烈头痛、喷射状呕吐，继而意识不清，送入内蒙古医科大学附属医院急诊，查体：T36.8℃，P65次/分，R18次/分，BP185/110mmHg，中度昏迷，右侧肢体偏瘫，CT检查显示左侧基底节区高密度影，诊断为脑出血。请回答：（1）该患者目前的主要护理诊断/问题有哪些？（10分）（2）针对该患者的护理要点有哪些？（10分）2.患者女性，48岁，内蒙古锡林郭勒盟牧民，有15年胃溃疡病史，近3天出现柏油样便，每日2-3次，伴头晕、乏力，入院查体：T36.5℃，P110次/分，R20次/分，BP90/60mmHg，血红蛋白85g/L，大便隐血试验（++++），诊断为上消化道出血，胃溃疡。请回答：（1）该患者上消化道出血的出血量估计为多少？写出判断依据。（8分）（2）针对该患者的护理措施有哪些？（12分）参考答案一、公共英语部分（一）词汇与语法结构1.B2.A3.C4.A5.B6.B7.A8.A9.B10.C11.C12.C13.C14.B15.B（二）阅读理解1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.C9.B10.A（三）短文写作参考范文TheQualitiesofaGoodNurseBeingagoodnurserequiresmultiplecorequalities.Firstofall,agoodnursemusthaveastrongsenseofresponsibility,becausenursingworkisdirectlyrelatedtopatients’lifeandhealth,andnodetailcanbeignored.Secondly,solidprofessionalabilityisessential.Nursesneedtomasterrichprofessionalknowledgeandskilledoperationskillstodealwithvariousclinicalsituations.Inaddition,goodcommunicationskillsandempathyarenecessary.Nursesneedtounderstandpatients’needsandrelievetheirnegativeemotions.Asanursingstudent,Iwillkeepimprovingmyselftobecomeaqualifiednurse.二、专业综合部分（一）单项选择题1.C2.B3.C4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.C10.B11.A12.A13.B14.A15.B16.A17.B18.C19.C20.A21.B22.A23.C24.C25.A26.A27.B28.A29.B30.B31.A32.B33.C34.A35.A36.A37.D38.C39.C40.B（二）多项选择题1.ABCE2.ABCDE3.ABCD4.ABCDE5.ABCDE6.ABCE7.ABCDE8.ABCD9.ABCE10.ABCDE（三）判断题1.√2.√3.√4.√5.√6.√7.√8.×9.×10.√（四）简答题1.答：（1）临床表现：①呼吸道阻塞症状：胸闷、气急、喉头水肿、呼吸困难甚至窒息；②循环衰竭症状：面色苍白、出冷汗、脉搏细弱、血压迅速下降；③中枢神经系统症状：头晕、眼花、四肢麻木、意识丧失、抽搐、大小便失禁；④皮肤黏膜症状：皮肤瘙痒、荨麻疹等过敏表现。（4分）（2）急救处理：①立即停药，就地抢救，通知医生，协助患者平卧，注意保暖；②立即皮下注射盐酸肾上腺素1mg，症状不缓解可每30分钟重复注射0.5mg；③给予高流量吸氧，喉头水肿窒息时配合气管切开；④遵医嘱给予糖皮质激素、抗组胺药物、升压药物纠正酸中毒；⑤持续监测生命体征、意识状态，记录病情变化，做好抢救记录，患者未脱离危险前不宜搬动。（6分，共10分）2.答：慢性心力衰竭患者饮食护理要点：①限制钠盐摄