2025-2026学年辽宁省大连市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

第=page11页，共=sectionpages11页2025-2026学年辽宁省大连市高一（下）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。A

Designingandperformingtheatricalproductionsleavesanotableenvironmentalfootprint.Here'sabreakdownoftheenergyconsumptionandwastegenerationin2023acrossdifferentstagesofatypicalplay'sproductioncycle.

Makingtheatermoresustainableisn'tjustaboutcuttingenergyuse—it'salsoaboutreimaginingproductionsupplies.Whilenouniversal"eco-theater"solutionexists，arangeofgreenalternativesareemerging.

SETMATERIALS

Reclaimedwoodandmodularprops（模块化道具）.Sourcedfromrecycledconstructionwasteorreusableparts，theycutdownonpost-showsetwaste.COSTUMES

Upcycledclothing.Repurposedfromsecondhandstoresoroldfabrics，theyavoidtheenvironmentalcostofmanufacturingnewcostumesandlowertextilewaste.LIGHTING

LEDstagelights.Using75%lessenergythantraditionalstagelightsandlastinglonger，theyreducebothenergyconsumptionandreplacementwaste.PROPS

Biodegradable（可生物降解的）accessories.Madefrommaterialslikepaper，bamboo，ornaturalfibers，theydecomposeeasilyafteruse，avoidinglong-termlandfillpollution.Thisshifttowardsustainabletheaterisglobal，andtheextentoftransformationis"unlikeanythingwe'veseenbefore，"saysLiamCarter，arenownedtheaterdirector.It'sestimatedthatthenumberofannualtheatricalperformancesworldwidewillincreaseby40%by2040，puttingevenmorepressureonresources.However，expertsbelievethatcircularproductionmodelsandmaterialinnovationcandrivemeaningfulprogress，keepingpacewiththesweepingtrendofenergyconservationandemissionreduction."Thefutureoftheaterisrestorativeandregenerativebydesign，"saysCarter.1.Whichstagecausedthemostenergyandwastein2023？______A.Setdesignandconstruction.

B.Lightingandsoundoperations.

C.Costumemaintenanceandstorage.

D.Transportationofpropsandcostumes.2.Whatdothefouralternativeshaveincommon？______A.Theyrequirenewenergy.

B.Theyuserecycledmaterials.

C.Theyavoidlong-termpollution.

D.Theytargetfewerenvironmentalimpacts.3.WhatdoesCarterstressregardingthefutureoftheater？______A.Sustainableandrenewable. B.Wastefulandlimited.

C.Traditionalandproductive. D.Profitableandpopular.B

Avisittoasupermarketoffersvariousfreshproduce，fromvegetablestoberriesandfruits.Shopperscaneasilypickstrawberriesorapples.Forfarmers，however，thechoiceisfarharder.Theymustdecidewhattogrowwhileworryingaboutwatersupplyandwhethertheycanmakemoney—orevenbreak

even.

Farmingisfullofuncertainties，accordingtomathematicianEstelleBasor.Farmersfaceunpredictableweather，harmfulpests，andtheeconomicruleofsupplyanddemand.Forinstance，overplantingstrawberriescanlowerprices，leavingfarmersunabletocovergrowingcosts.

BasorgrewupinCalifornia'sPajaroValley，akeyagriculturalregion.Asamathematician，sheledateamtohelpfarmerschoosecropsandsavewater.Californiasupplies80percentofAmerica'sfreshstrawberries，butfrequentdroughtandover-pumpinghaveseverelyloweredundergroundwaterlevels.Farmerspumpwaterfasterthanraincanrefillit，forcingthemtoconsiderlessthirstycrops.

Theteamcollecteddataonwateruse，pricesandmarketdemand.Usingcomputerprograms，theyfoundthebestcropmix：maximumprofitwithminimalwater.Thismethod，calledmathematicaloptimization，wastestedona100-acrefarm.Resultsshowedraspberries，needinglesswater，weremoreprofitablethanstrawberries.Theycooperatewithlocalgrowerstogatherrealdataoncropsales.SuchfieldinformationimprovestheirmodelsoitbalanceswateruseandmarketneedforfruitsgrowninPajaroValley.

Themodelhasreceivedpositivefeedbackfromlocalfarmers.Itaimstohelpfarmersnationwidedealwithwatershortages.ThankstoBasor'sefforts，scienceisofferingapracticalwayforfarmerstobalancewateruseandincome.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"breakeven"inparagraphImean？______A.Wingreatfame. B.Avoidlosingmoney.

C.Keepcropquality. D.Increasecropsales.5.WhatchallengedoCaliforniafarmersface？______A.Fierceforeignmarketcompetition.

B.Decliningcustomers'demand.

C.Insufficientwatersupplyforcrops.

D.Shallowundergroundwater.6.Howdidtheteamhelplocalfarmers？______A.Bymonitoringrainfallconditions.

B.Byofferingadviceonchoosingcrops.

C.Byraisingcroppricesforfarmers.

D.Byteachingdailywater-savingskills.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout？______A.Newmethodforstrawberryplanting.

B.Drought'simpactonlocalagriculture.

C.Balancingwaterandprofitwithmath.

D.Approachestoraisingfarmers'income.C

Everyyear，over14milliontonsofplasticwasteendupintheworld'soceans，accordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgramme.Thiswastekillsmillionsofmarineanimalseachyear，pollutesfragilecoastalecosystems，andbreaksdownintomicroplasticsthatenterthefoodchainandreachthehumanbody.Mostofthisplasticcomesfromsingle-usepackaging.designedfordaysofusebutabletopersistinoceansforhundredsofyears.Now，scientistsandstartupsworldwideareturningtoanunlikelysolutiontothisglobalcrisis：fungi.

Attheheartofthisinnovationismycelium（菌丝体），theroot-likestructureoffungi.Madeoftinythread-likefilaments，myceliumgrowsbyfeedingonorganicmatter，bindingintoastrong，flexible，fullybiodegradablematerial.Tomakefungalpackaging，manufacturersuseagriculturalwaste（wheatstraw，ricehusks，sawdust）asagrowthmedium，mixitwithmyceliumspores，placeitintomolds，andletitgrowinacontrolledenvironmentfor5-7days.Itisthenheat-treatedtostopgrowth，formingalightweight，durablepackagingmadewithoutharmfulchemicals，hightemperaturesormassiveenergyinput.

Unlikeplasticthatneverfullybreaksdown，fungalpackagingis100%biodegradable.Itdecomposesinsoilin30days，andmostimportantly，fullybreaksdowninseawaterwithin3-6months，leavingnomicroplasticsortoxicresidues.Thismakesitanidealreplacementforplasticpackagingusedtotransportseafood，cosmeticsandelectronics，majorcontributorstomarineplasticpollution.

Majorcompaniesworldwideareadoptingthetechnology.ADutchstartupFungiPackusesitforseafoodshipping，whileChinesefirmMycoGreenproducesitforelectronics，reportinga70%reductionincarbonemissionscomparedtoplasticproduction.Itstillfaceschallenges：highercostthanmass-producedplastic，andpoorwaterresistance.Butwithongoingoptimization，itwillsoonbecomeaviablealternativetomostocean-boundplastic.

"Plasticwasamiracleinvention，butweforgottodesignmaterialsfortheendoftheirlife，"saysDr.JaneZhao，aTsinghuaUniversitymaterialsscientist."Myceliumworkswithnature，notagainstit.That'sthefutureofsustainablepackaging."8.Whatisthebiggestadvantageoffungalpackagingovertraditionalplastic？______A.Itcanbereusedmanytimes.

B.Itcanfullydegradeinseawater.

C.Itischeapertomass-produce.

D.Ithasalongerservicelifeinwetareas.9.Whatcanweinferabouttheproductionoffungalpackaging？______A.Itdependsonhigh-qualityfarmland.

B.Itrequiresalotoffreshwaterandheat.

C.Ithasalowercarbonfootprintthanplastic.

D.Itismorecomplexthanplasticproduction.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"viable"inparagraph4probablymean？______A.Rareandvaluable. B.Practicalandfunctional.

C.Cheapandabundant. D.Complexandadvanced.11.WhatisDr.Zhao'sattitudetowardsmyceliumpackagingtechnology？______A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Neutral.D

Fordecades，artificialintelligencehasbeendesignedtobeconfident.Fromchess-playingcomputerstomedicaldiagnosistools，AIsystemsaretrainedtoproduceasingle，definitiveanswer.ButanewwaveofresearchsuggeststhatthemostreliableAImayactuallybetheonethatlearnstohesitate.

ScientistsatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedaframeworkcalled"Uncertainty-AwareAI"（UAI），whichallowsmachinelearningmodelstoexpresswhentheyareunsure.Insteadofprovidingasingleprediction，UAIoutputsaconfidencescorealongwithmultiplepossibleexplanations.Iftheconfidencefallsbelowathreshold，thesystemflagsthequeryforhumanreview.

Inarecenttrialinvolvingradiology（放射学），UAIwastestedagainstconventionalAIsystems.WhenanalyzingchestX-rays，theconventionalAImadeaconfidentbutincorrectdiagnosisin11%ofambiguouscases.UAI，bycontrast，correctlyidentified94%ofthoseambiguouscasesas"uncertain"andpassedthemtohumanradiologists，reducingdiagnosticerrorsbynearly40%.

"Thetraditionalapproachtreatsuncertaintyasaweakness，"explainsleadresearcherDr.JamesChen."Butinhigh-stakesfieldslikemedicineorautonomousdriving，overconfidencecanbedangerous.TeachingAItorecognizeitslimitsisn'tjustsafer—itactuallymakesthesystemmoretrustworthy."

Theimplicationsextendbeyondhealthcare.Inautonomousvehicles，forinstance，aUAIsystemcouldsignalwhenroadconditionsaretoocomplexforsafeself-driving，forcingahandovertothehumandriver.Infinancialtrading，itcouldflagvolatile（不稳定的）marketconditionsthatexceeditspredictivemodel.

Despitethepromise，challengesremain.UAIrequiressignificantlymorecomputationalpowerandextensivetrainingdatatocalibrateuncertaintyaccurately.Moreover，integratingsuchsystemsintoexistingworkflowsdemandsnewprotocols（规程）forwhen—andhow—humansshouldstepin.

Nevertheless，theshifttoward"humbleAI"marksaphilosophicaldeparturefromdecadesofAIdevelopment.AsDr.Chenputsit，"ThesmartestAIisn'ttheonethatalwaysknowstheanswer.It'stheonethatknowswhenitdoesn't."12.HowisUAIdifferentfromconventionalAI？______A.Itisonlyusedinmedicine. B.Itcanexpressitsuncertainty.

C.Itavoidsmakingpredictions. D.Itrequireslesscomputingpower.13.WhatdidtheradiologytrialshowaboutUAI？______A.Itreduceserrorsinuncertaincases.

B.Itoutperformshumandoctorsgreatly.

C.Itissometimestooslowforpracticaluse.

D.Itfailseveninstraightforwardcases.14.Whydoestheauthormentionautonomousvehicles？______A.Tocomparetheircomplexity. B.TohighlightUAI'slimitations.

C.ToargueagainstusingAIthere. D.ToshowUAI'swideapplications.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.TheFutureofMedicalAI

B.TeachingAItoExpressUncertainty

C.WhyOverconfidenceHarmsAI

D.Uncertainty：ANewAIChallenge二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。

Manypeopleviewsetbacksasroadblocksthatstoptheirprogress，butinreality，theycanbepowerfulfuelforgrowth.Ifyouoftenfeelstuckafterasetbackandstruggletomoveforward，it'stimetoexamineyourmindsetandhabits.

(16)

Youavoidreflectingonthelessons.

Setbackscarryhiddenlessons，butalotofpeoplerushtomoveonwithoutpausingtolearn.

(17)

Nonetheless，doyoutaketimetoanalyzewhatwentwrongandwhatyoucoulddodifferently？Ifnot，you'relikelytorepeatthesamemistakesandmissthechancetogrowstronger.

Youletself-doubttakeover.

It'snaturaltofeeluncertainafterafailure，especiallywhenothersquestionyourabilities.Forexample，youspentweekspreparingforapresentation，butitdidn'tgoasplanned.You'vetoldyourselfbeforethatyou'recapableofgrowth，butafterthisfailure，youstarttobelieveyou'renotgoodenough.

(18)

Yourconfidencefades，butyoudon'tfightagainstthesenegativethoughts.

Yougiveuptooeasily.

Withoutadoubt，perseveranceisvaluable.

(19)

Yetgivingupatthefirstsignofdifficultyrobsyouofthechancetobuildresilience（抗逆力）.Doyouabandongoalswhenyouhitasmallbarrier？Is"Ican'tdothis"yourautomaticresponse？Thishabitkeepsyoustuckinfailure，ratherthanlettingyouuseitasasteppingstone.

(20)

Thisisasubtlebutharmfulhabit.Ifyoucompareyourprogresstoothers'highlights，you'lldiscountyourowngrowthandlosemotivation.Yourstrugglesareasignyou'repushingyourself，notasignofweakness.Youruniquepathmatters.

A.Youcompareyourprogresstoothers'.

B.Youcelebrateothers'achievementsopenly.

C.Youknowthatpushingthroughhardshipistherightpath.

D.Chancesarethatyouknowyoushouldreflectafterafailure.

E.Insteadofquestioningthesebeliefs，youacceptthemastruth.

F.Butyoucanusethefollowingfourwaystoturnsetbacksintomotivation.

G.Beawareofthetrapsthatmaykeepyoufromturningsetbacksintomotivation.16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

AndrewDuhewantedtochoosea

(21)

gifttocelebratehiswifeJennifer's40thbirthday，andjewelryandflowerswouldn'tjust

(22)

.

Thecouple，whoserveintheNavyandraisethreekids，spendeveryweekendvolunteeringatChesapeakeAnimalServices，wheretheyhave

(23)

dozensofanimalsovertheyear.Duringoneoftheirvisits，aperfectidea

(24)

Andrew.Duetothelimited

(25)

ofthedogkennel（狗舍）for40dogs，hemadea（n）

(26)

topaythe﹩110adoptionfeesforeverysingleone.Thoughitwouldcost﹩4400intotal，

(27)

treatmentandvaccines（疫苗），AndrewbelievedtheactofkindnesswouldmeanfarmoretoJenniferthananystore-boughtgift.Havingrecentlylosttheirbeloveddog，Sierra，Andrewhopedthis

(28)

wouldliftherspirits，asshehadalwaysdreamedoftheshelterdogsfindingaforeverhome.

Eventually，thebigdayarrived.Andrewgatheredtheirchildrentohelp

(29)

thesurprise.First，theygaveJennifera

(30)

mug（马克杯）honoringSierra，followedbyabirthdaycardwithaheartfeltletter."Iam

(31)

touchedwhenreadingthenote"，recalledJennifer.

KaseyGallardo，organizerfromtheshelter，wasequallyshocked，sayingnoonehadevershownsuch

(32)

before.

(33)

Andrew'sgift，thesheltercouldfreeupspacetorescuemoredogs.Jennifercalleditthemost

(34)

andmeaningfulgiftshehadeverreceived.Ittruly

(35)

thebestgiftsarenotexpensiveones，butthosethatcomefromtheheart.21.A.precious B.complicated C.generous D.reliable22.A.leaveit B.makeit C.putit D.getit23.A.admired B.enhanced C.encountered D.extended24.A.struck B.defeated C.conducted D.stuck25.A.relief B.capacity C.demand D.quantity26.A.assistance B.intensity C.permission D.resolution27.A.concerning B.following C.composing D.including28.A.signal B.gesture C.sign D.objective29.A.represent B.relate C.distinguish D.present30.A.well-meant B.newly-made

C.custom-tailored D.mass-produced31.A.ultimately B.incredibly C.electrically D.potentially32.A.generosity B.reputation C.elegance D.morality33.A.Accordingto B.Inspiteof C.Thanksto D.Regardlessof34.A.formal B.ordinary C.thoughtful D.expensive35.A.demonstrates B.figures C.measures D.evaluates四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。36.Something

extraordinary

is

happening

inside

steamer

baskets

in

Jiaodong.Shandong

province.A

hump

of

dough（一团面）

goes

in.（1）

comes

out

is

a

shiny

red

fish，an

auspicious

lion

or

a

peach

the

size

of

a

child's

face.These

are

Jiaodong

huabobo，of

flower-shaped

steamed

buns，quietly

（2）

（serve）

up

a

taste

of

Shandong

life

for

centuries.

Every

step

of

making

huabobo

requires

great

care

and

patience.The

main

method

is

hand

sculpting.using

simple

tools

（3）

scissors，chopsticks

and

spoons.Patterns

on

huabobo

follow

customs

（4）

（pass）

down

through

generations.The

most

important

part

is

the

steaming

process，which

locks

in

the

flavor

（5）

ensures

the

buns

stay

soft

and

fluffy.Though

the

traditions

are

long-standing，the

old

craft

undergoes

（6）

（continue）development

to

fit

in

with

modern

life.

Traditionally，huabobo

are

the

storyteller

for

Shandong's

rituals

and

many

family

occasions.When

a

baby

is

one

month

old，tiger-shaped

buns

（7）

（give）

to

the

child

as

a

good

blessing

for

healthy

growth.For

the

elderly

celebrating

their

birthdays，peach-shaped

buns

are

（8）

must

as

a

symbol

of

longevity

and

good

health.

In

recent

years，the

buns

（9）

（gain）

popularity

on

social

media，attracting

customers

at

home

and

abroad.The

charm

of

huabobo

lies

in

the

perfect

mix

of

tradition，creativity

and

the

warmth

of

family

love.It

is

this

（10）

（combine）

that

keeps

the

culture

of

Jiaodong

alive

in

every

delicious

bite.五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。37.假定你是李华，你校将举办主题为"ArtisAroundus"的英语演讲比赛。请你写一篇演讲稿参赛，内容包括：

（1）解读主题；

（2）举例说明。

注意：

①写作词数应为80左右；

②请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Art

is

Around

usArtexistseverywherearoundus.______38.A

fierce

hurricane

struck

the

coastal

city

where

my

aunt

lived

when

I

was

nine.The

wind

howled

wildly，tearing

roofs

off

houses

and

uprooting

trees.Heavy

rain

kept

pouring

down

for

hours，resulting

in

severe

flooding

and

huge

losses.Although

our

city

was

not

directly

hit，the

strong

wind

and

heavy

rain

made

us

share

their

sufferings.Unluckily，other

nearby

cities，however，suffered

far

more

from

the

disaster.

One

of

my

most

vivid

memories

was

when

I

watched

the

evening

news

with

my

family.A

reporter

was

broadcasting

from

a

local

stadium，which

served

as

a

temporary

shelter

for

hurricane

survivors.Thousands

of

homeless

people

crowded

around

him.Most

were

dressed

in

torn

and

muddy

clothes，and

worse

still，many

had

to

walk

barefoot.Exhausted

and

heartbroken，some

rested

on

extremely

simple

beds，while

others

could

only

lie

on

the

cold

hard

floor，their

faces

full

of

sorrow，tiredness

and

hopelessness.The

impact

of

the

hurricane

was

worse

than

I

expected.

"Did

the

terrible

hurricane

drive

them

away

from

their

homes？"I

asked

curiously.My

mom

nodded

gently

and

sighed."Yes，Hector.All

these

people

are

from

New

Orleans.The

powerful

storm

ruined

their

homes

and

possessions.Sadly，many

of

them

have

lost

everything

they

once

owned.For

the

time

being，the

stadium

works

as

their

temporary

home.It

is

a

place

for

them

to

stay

until

it

becomes

safe

enough

to

return

to

their

own

hometowns."

As

I

kept

staring

at

the

TV

screen，a

little

boy

immediately

caught

my

eye.He

was

sitting

alone

in

a

quiet

corner

of

the

stadium，holding

an

old，dirty

teddy

bear

tightly

in

his

arms.His

pale

face

was

filled

with

fear

and

loneliness，as

if

the

worn

toy

was

his

only

comfort

left

after

the

disaster.I

seemed

to

feel

his

deep

sorrow

right

through

the

screen.Right

then

and

there，I

made

up

my

mind

to

do

something，with

that

poor

little

boy

as

my

first

concern.

注意：

（1）写作词数应为150左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The

next

day，my

friends

and

I

gathered

at

our

volunteer

club.________

When

we

entered

the

stadium

with

our

gifts，I

quickly

spotted

the

shy

little

boy.________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据图表柱状高度可知Lightingandsoundoperations（灯光与音响运行）占比最高，再根据第一段Here'sabreakdownoftheenergyconsumptionandwastegenerationin2023acrossdifferentstagesofatypicalplay'sproductioncycle.（下图拆解了2023年一台常规戏剧制作全流程各环节的能耗与废弃物产生情况。）可知，灯光音响环节能耗废弃物最多。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据SETMATERIALS部分Reclaimedwoodandmodularprops（模块化道具）.Sourcedfromrecycledconstructionwasteorreusableparts，theycutdownonpost-showsetwaste.（回收木材与模块化道具，取材于建筑垃圾或可重复利用构件，能减少演出后的舞台布景垃圾。）COSTUMES部分Upcycledclothing.Repurposedfromsecondhandstoresoroldfabrics，theyavoidtheenvironmentalcostofmanufacturingnewcostumesandlowertextilewaste.（升级改造旧服饰，改造二手衣物或旧面料，省去制作新戏服的环境成本，减少纺织废料。）LIGHTING部分LEDstagelights.Using75%lessenergythantraditionalstagelightsandlastinglonger，theyreducebothenergyconsumptionandreplacementwaste.（LED舞台灯，相比传统灯具节能75%、使用寿命更长，同时降低能耗与更换产生的废弃物。）PROPS部分Biodegradable（可生物降解的）accessories.Madefrommaterialslikepaper，bamboo，ornaturalfibers，theydecomposeeasilyafteruse，avoidinglong-termlandfillpollution.（可降解道具配饰，用纸、竹子、天然纤维制成，使用后易分解，避免长期填埋污染。）可知，四项举措均是为降低环境负面影响。故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中Thefutureoftheaterisrestorativeandregenerativebydesign，（戏剧的未来从设计层面就具备修复环境、循环再生的特质。）可知，Carter强调戏剧的未来是可持续和可再生的。故选A。

这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了戏剧制作存在环保压力及各类绿色可持续改良方案。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。4~7.【答案】B、C、B、C【解析】（1）词义猜测题。根据第一段Theymustdecidewhattogrowwhileworryingaboutwatersupplyandwhethertheycanmakemoney—orevenbreakeven.（他们必须决定种什么，同时还要担心供水问题，以及能否赚钱——甚至能否breakeven。）可推知，makemoney与breakeven由oreven连接构成递进关系，后者要求低于"赚钱"，指收支平衡、不赔不赚，即避免亏损。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Californiasupplies80percentofAmerica'sfreshstrawberries，butfrequentdroughtandover-pumpinghaveseverelyloweredundergroundwaterlevels.Farmerspumpwaterfasterthanraincanrefillit，forcingthemtoconsiderlessthirstycrops.（加利福尼亚供应美国80%的新鲜草莓，但频繁干旱和过度抽水已严重降低地下水位。农民抽水速度超过雨水补给速度，迫使他们考虑种植需水量更少的作物。）可知，加州农民面临的核心挑战是农作物供水不足。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段Asamathematician，sheledateamtohelpfarmerschoosecropsandsavewater.（作为一名数学家，她带领团队帮助农民选择作物并节约用水。）以及第四段Usingcomputerprograms，theyfoundthebestcropmix：maximumprofitwithminimalwater.（借助计算机程序，他们找到了最佳作物组合：用水最少、收益最高。）可知，团队通过数据分析为农民提供作物选择方面的科学建议。故选B。

（4）标题归纳题。通读全文，文章围绕数学家团队运用数学优化方法，帮助农民在节水的前提下实现收益最大化展开，末段ThankstoBasor'sefforts，scienceisofferingapracticalwayforfarmerstobalancewateruseandincome.（得益于Basor的努力，科学正在为农民提供一种平衡用水与收入的实用方法。）点明主旨，"用数学平衡水资源与利润"最能概括全文核心内容。故选C。

本文属于人与自然主题语境下的说明文，文章以加州帕哈罗谷农业区的现实困境为切入点，讲述了数学家EstelleBasor带领团队运用数学优化模型，帮助当地农民科学选择作物、实现节水与增收双赢的故事。全文按照"提出问题—分析困境—给出解决方案—验证成效"的逻辑展开，深层传递了"科学技术服务可持续发展"的理念，启发学生认识跨学科思维在解决真实社会问题中的价值。

本篇阅读帮助学生提升跨学科文本的语篇分析能力，引导学生关注科学技术在可持续发展中的实际应用，培养其"从问题出发—借助数据建模—验证解决方案"的逻辑思维品质，同时增强学生用英语理解科技服务社会议题的文化意识与学习能力。8~11.【答案】B、C、B、A【解析】（1）细节理解题。由第三段Unlikeplasticthatneverfullybreaksdown，fungalpackagingis100%biodegradable.Itdecomposesinsoilin30days，andmostimportantly，fullybreaksdowninseawaterwithin3-6months，leavingnomicroplasticsortoxicresidues.（与塑料不同，塑料永远不会完全分解，而真菌包装则是100%可生物降解的。它在土壤中30天内就会分解，更重要的是，在海水中3至6个月内就能完全分解，不会留下微塑料或有毒残留物。）可知，与传统的塑料包装相比，真菌包装的最大优势是它在海水中能够完全分解。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。由第四段ADutchstartupFungiPackusesitforseafoodshipping，whileChinesefirmMycoGreenproducesitforelectronics，reportinga70%reductionincarbonemissionscomparedtoplasticproduction.（荷兰的一家初创企业FungiPack将其用于海鲜运输，而中国的企业MycoGreen则将其用于电子产品包装，据称其碳排放量较塑料生产减少了70%。）可知，真菌包装的碳足迹比塑料要小。故选C。

（3）词义猜测题。由划线词上文Itstillfaceschallenges：highercostthanmass-producedplastic，andpoorwaterresistance.Butwithongoingoptimization（它仍面临一些挑战：成本高于批量生产的塑料，且防水性能不佳。但随着持续的优化），及下文alternativetomostocean-boundplastic（替代大多数可能流入海洋的塑料），可知，虽然真菌包装面临挑战，但是在优化下，会成为一种实用且功能性强的替代方案，所以viable表示可行的、能实际使用的。A.Rareandvaluable稀有且珍贵的；B.Practicalandfunctional实用且可行的；C.Cheapandabundant廉价且丰富的；D.Complexandadvanced复杂且先进的。故选B。

（4）观点态度题。由尾段Dr.JaneZhao说的话Myceliumworkswithnature，notagainstit.That'sthefutureofsustainablepackaging.（"菌丝体"与自然和谐共存，而非与之对抗。这便是可持续包装的未来发展方向。）可知，赵教授认为菌丝体包装技术的未来是积极的，可观的。故选A。

本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一种真菌可降解包装，这是针对海洋塑料污染的替代方案，它的应用前景乐观。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。12~15.【答案】B、A、D、B【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段ScientistsatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedaframeworkcalled"Uncertainty-AwareAI"（UAI），whichallowsmachinelearningmodelstoexpresswhentheyareunsure.（斯坦福大学的科学家们开发了一种名为"不确定性感知人工智能"（UAI）的框架，该框架使机器学习模型能够表明自身在某些情况下的不确定程度。）可知，不确定性感知人工智能能够表达自身的不确定性。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段WhenanalyzingchestX-rays，theconventionalAImadeaconfidentbutincorrectdiagnosisin11%ofambiguouscases.UAI，bycontrast，correctlyidentified94%ofthoseambiguouscasesas"uncertain"andpassedthemtohumanradiologists，reducingdiagnosticerrorsbynearly40%.（在分析胸部X光片时，传统的人工智能在11%的模糊病例中做出了自信但错误的诊断。相比之下，UAI能正确将94%的这些模糊病例判定为"不确定"，并将它们转交给人类放射科医生，从而将诊断错误减少了近40%。）可知，放射学试验让UAI能在不确定的情况下减少错误。故选A。

（3）推理判断题。根据第五段Theimplicationsextendbeyondhealthcare.Inautonomousvehicles，forinstance，aUAIsystemcouldsignalwhenroadconditionsaretoocomplexforsafeself-driving，forcingahandovertothehumandriver.Infinancialtrading，itcouldflagvolatile（不稳定的）marketconditionsthatexceeditspredictivemodel.（其影响不仅限于医疗领域。例如在自动驾驶汽车中，一个人工智能辅助系统能够提示当道路状况过于复杂以至于无法实现安全自动驾驶时，应将控制权交还给人类驾驶员。在金融交易中，它还能识别超出其预测模型范围的不稳定市场状况。）可知，作者提及自动驾驶汽车是为了展示人工智能的广泛应用。故选D。

（4）标题判断题。根据最后一段Nevertheless，theshifttoward"humbleAI"marksaphilosophicaldeparturefromdecadesofAIdevelopment.AsDr.Chenputsit，"ThesmartestAIisn'ttheonethatalwaysknowstheanswer.It'stheonethatknowswhenitdoesn't."（然而，向"谦逊型人工智能"的转变标志着与数十年来人工智能发展进程的观念性决裂。正如陈博士所说："最聪明的人工智能并非那种总是能给出答案的类型。而是那种知道自己无法给出答案时的那种类型。"）以及文章开篇指出传统AI"过度自信"的问题，随后介绍斯坦福大学UAI框架——让AI学会表达不确定性，通过放射学试验验证其优势并拓展应用场景，最后点明"知道何时不知道的AI才是智能的"，全文核心围绕"教AI表达不确定性"展开。B选项"教授人工智能表达不确定性"最符合文章标题。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学开发的"不确定性感知AI"框架，该框架允许AI表达不确定，在医疗、自动驾驶等领域具有重要应用价值。

阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。16~20.【答案】G、D、E、C、A【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据下文Youavoidreflectingonthelessons.（你逃避反思经验教训）、Youletself-doubttakeover.（你让自我怀疑占据主导）、Yougiveuptooeasily.（你过于轻易地放弃）以及第五段关于攀比的论述可推知，下文将分条列举阻碍成长的负面习惯，G项"Beawareofthetrapsthatmaykeepyoufromturningsetbacksintomotivation.（警惕那些可能阻碍你将挫折转化为动力的陷阱。）"能总领全文、引出四个具体陷阱。故选G。

（2）联系下文题。根据下文Nonetheless，doyoutaketimetoanalyzewhatwentwrongandwhatyoucoulddodifferently？（然而，你是否会花时间分析哪里出了问题以及你可以采取哪些不同的做法？）可推知，空格处应先承认人们其实具备正确的认知，再用Nonetheless转折指出知行脱节的问题，D项"Chancesarethatyouknowyoushouldreflectafterafailure.（你很可能知道失败后应该反思。）"与下文形成"明知该做却不做"的转折逻辑。故选D。

（3）联系上文题。根据上文youstarttobelieveyou'renotgoodenough（你开始相信自己不够优秀）可推知，空格处应承接这一消极信念的固化过程，E项"Insteadofquestioningthesebeliefs，youacceptthemastruth.（你不去质疑这些信念，反而将其当作事实接受。）"中的thesebeliefs指代上文的自我否定想法，说明消极念头如何扎根内心。故选E。

（4）联系上文题。根据上文Withoutadoubt，perseveranceisvaluable.（毫无疑问，坚持不懈是宝贵的。）可推知，空格处应先肯定正确做法，再与下文Yet形成转折对比，C项"Youknowthatpushingthroughhardshipistherightpath.（你知道克服困难才是正确的道路。）"承接上文对坚持的肯定，为下文批判轻易放弃蓄势。故选C。

（5）标题归纳题。根据下文Ifyoucompareyourprogresstoothers'highlights，you'lldiscountyourowngrowthandlosemotivation.（如果你将自己的进步与他人最光鲜的时刻比较，你会贬低自己的成长并丧失动力。）可推知，本段核心论述的是与人攀比进度的危害，A项"Youcompareyourprogresstoothers'.（你拿自己的进步和他人作比较。）"能精准概括本段主旨，且句式与前文小标题保持统一。故选A。

本文聚焦"人与自我"主题语境，探讨挫折在个人成长中的价值转化问题。文章先破后立，指出人们常将挫折视为阻碍的错误认知，进而剖析四种典型的心理陷阱——逃避反思、自我怀疑、轻言放弃和盲目攀比，揭示其危害并引导读者建立积极应对挫折的成长型思维，体现了心理学与自我发展领域的知识融合，具有较强的现实指导意义。

本题通过剖析挫折应