2027版高一英语知识复习（必修一）Unit 4 Natural Disasters（复习讲义）（解析版）

人教版必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters（复习讲义)

1.主题语境：人与自然，围绕自然灾害、灾后救援、防灾自救、灾后人文关怀、防灾科

普跨文化场景展开。

2.词汇短语：掌握灾害类型、灾情描述、救援行动、避难防护、情绪感受相关核心单词

复习要点

及变形、固定搭配。

3语法：掌握定语从句的用法；bedoing...when...；asif/though引导的从句。

4.应用文写作：掌握新闻和活动报道常用的首段、中段及尾端句型与完整写作框架。

重点：重点单词词性变形、灾害救援类固定搭配、单元核心句型的识别与运用。。

复习重难点

难点：新闻报道完整篇章叙事写作和定语从句的灵活应用。

单元词汇

知识点

1.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊

情景导学

Isimplystoodthereinshock，andmyfeet，asifrootedtotheground，couldn’tmoveabit.我只

是震惊地站在那里，脚好像扎根在地上一样，一动也不能动。

用法归纳

①agreatshocktosb对某人来说是极大的震惊

inshock震惊；吃惊

②shockedadj.震惊的；惊讶的

beshockedat/by对……吃惊

词汇拓展

联想各种“惊讶”

①shockedadj.感到震惊

astonishingamazingsurprising

②shockingadj.令人震惊的①astonished②amazed③surprised

即时训练

单句语法填空

①Lookingatthehousewhichlayinruins__________shock,hecalled119immediatelytorescuethe

injuredpeoplewhoweretrapped.

②Onacoldmorning,Iopenedthedoorandwasshocked__________(find)himbadlyinjured.

一句多译

③(2022全国甲卷)令我们震惊的是,海洋正受到严重污染。

→______________________________theoceanisbecomingseverelypolluted.(用what引导的主

语从句和that引导的表语从句)

→Theoceanisbecomingseverelypolluted,________________________.

(用which引导的非限制性定语从句)

参考答案：①in②tofind③Whatshocksuswasthat；whichshockedus

2.floodn.洪水,大量vi.&vt.淹没;(使)泛滥;使灌满水;大量涌入;充满;挤满

情景导学

Hearinghermother'svoice,thegirlcamedownstairsinfloodsoftears.

听见她妈妈的声音,那个女孩泪流满面地走下楼来。

用法归纳

①afloodof...一大批……

infloodsoftears泪如雨下

②floodin/into大量涌入

floodoutof蜂拥而出

floodback涌上心头

③表“情感”的名词+floodoversb某人非常/深感……

④befloodedwith充满/挤满……

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Agreatsenseofreliefandprideflooded__________myfather.(读后续写之情感描写)

②Shedrewthecurtainsandthesunlightflooded______.(读后续写之写景)

微写作

③甜蜜的回忆涌上心头,简哭得像个泪人似的。(读后续写之情感描写)

SweetmemoriescamefloodingbackandJanewas___________________.

参考答案：①over②in③infloodsoftears

3.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动

情景导学

Affectedbythoseselflessdoctors,Ihavedevelopedadeepaffectionforthecareer.(应用文之短文

投稿)在那些无私的医生的影响下,我喜欢上了这个职业。

用法归纳

①beaffectedby受……的影响;被……感动

beaffectedwith感染……疾病

②haveaneffect/influenceon/upon对……产生影响

词汇拓展

①affectionn.喜爱

②effectn.作用;影响

③effectiveadj.有效的

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Alargenumberofdonationshavebeenfloodingintothe________(affect)areas.(应用文之报道)

②LearningthatyouhavereturnedtoIrelandbecauseyou__________(affect)withaserious/severe

illness,Iamterriblysorryaboutit.

③Insummary,theEnglishnewspaperYouthhasagreateffec________me.

(应用文之短文投稿)

句式升级·背诵

④Weweredeeplyaffectedbythefilmandcouldn'tholdbacktears.

→________________________________________,wecouldn'tholdbacktears.(用过去分词短语

作状语改写)

参考答案：①affected②areaffected③on④Deeplyaffectedbythefilm

4.ruinn.&vt.破坏;毁坏

情景导学

Thewholecitylayinruinsaftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.(应用文之场景描写)

地震过后,整个城市成了一片废墟,这使我们彻夜难眠。

用法归纳

①lie/beinruins成为废墟

bereducedtoruins沦为废墟

fallintoruin成为废墟

②ruinoneself毁掉自己;自取灭亡

ruinone'shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Onreturningtothetown,theywereshockedtofindtheirneighbourhood__________ruins.(读后

续写之情感描写)

②Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeand______________(reduce)toruins,thecity

tookonanewlook.

句式升级·背诵

③Hemadeaseriousmistakeintheraceandruinedhischancetowinthechampionship.

→Hemadeaseriousmistakeintherace,____________________________________towinthe

championship.(用定语从句改写)

→Hemadeaseriousmistakeintherace,_________________________towinthechampionship.

(用现在分词改写)

参考答案：①in②beingreduced③whichruinedhischance；ruininghischance

5.buryvt.埋葬;安葬;掩埋;使沉浸;使专心

情景导学

Fatherpacedin,hishandsburiedinhispockets.父亲双手插在口袋里踱步进来。

用法归纳

①bury...in...把……埋到……里;使……沉浸于……

②buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面

③beburiedin埋头于/专心于(做)某事

buryoneselfin(doing)

即时练习

sth

单句语法填空

①Afterthevolcaniceruption,manyhouses___________(bury)byashes.

②Sinceshegraduated,mymother___________(bury)herselfinteaching,receivinghighpraise.(应

用文之短文投稿)

③__________(bury)inreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday,Ihavegainedlotsofuseful

knowledge.(应用文之征文投稿)

句式升级·背诵

④Davidstillrefusedtolookatmeandhisheadwasburiedinhisarms.

→Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,____________________________.(现在分词作状语)

→Davidstillrefusedtolookatme,______________________________________.(with复合结构)

参考答案：①wereburied②hasburied③Buried

④buryinghisheadinhisarms；withhisheadburiedinhisarms

6.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力

情景导学

Let'sstartnowandsparenoefforttodoalittlebiteveryminute.(应用文之倡议书)

让我们从现在开始,不遗余力地每分钟做一点。

用法归纳

withgreateffort努力

withouteffort毫不费力地

inanefforttodosth为了做某事

sparenoefforttodosth不遗余力地做某事

makeeveryefforttodosth尽全力做某事

makeaneffort/effortstodosth努力做某事

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Weshouldmakegreatefforts___________(preserve)andenrichourowntraditionalcultures.

②Shetookadeepbreathandsatupslowly__________greateffort.

③Theyhavebeenworkingdayandnightinaneffort___________(get)thebridgereadyontime.

参考答案：①topreserve②with③toget

7.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过

情景导学

Lifeisn’tabouthowtosurvivestorms，buthowtodanceintherain.（主旨升华）

生活不在于如何挺过暴雨，而在于如何在风雨中起舞。

用法归纳

survivefrom从……幸存

surviveon依靠……生存下来

survive...by...比……多活了……

词汇拓展

①survivorn.幸存者

②survivaln.[U]幸存；[C]残存物

即时练习

①WhenIrealizedthatthepoorboysurvived___________discarded(被丢弃的)food,awaveof

sadnessandsympathywashedoverme

②Althoughtheoldladysufferedfromaseriousillness,shestillsurvivedherhusband_____5years.

③Theancientbuildingsurvived_________theTangDynastyasamuseum.

句式升级

④Sincewehadsurvivedthataccident,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.→

______________________________,wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.

(改写为分词短语作状语)

参考答案：①on②by③from④Havingsurvivedthataccident

8.suffervt.遭受;蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

情景导学

Knowingthatmypartnerwassufferingfromaseveredisease，Iwasburningwithanxiety，soI

rushedtowardsthehospital.得知我的搭档得了重病，我心急如焚，所以我冲向了医院。

用法归纳

sufferpain/defeat/loss遭受痛苦/失败/损失

sufferfrom遭受

词汇拓展

①sufferingn.痛苦;苦恼;让人痛苦的事

②sufferern.患难者；患病者

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Myhometownusedtosuffer__________problemssuchaspoorroadconditionsanddirty

environment.(应用文之短文投稿)

②Therearealwayssomeupsanddownsinourlives,butitisthe__________(suffer)thatmakesus

stronger.(读后续写之主旨升华)

③Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatients__________(suffer)dementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.

句式升级

④Johnhassufferedfromlungcancerformanyyears.Hehasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.→

__________________________________________,Johnhasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.(现在分词

短语作状语)

参考答案：①from②suffering③suffering

④Havingsufferedfromlungcancerformanyyears

9.strikevt.&vi.击打；敲响；擦（火柴）；撞击；侵袭；给（某人以……）印象；突然想

起n.罢工；罢课；袭击

情景导学

Whatstruckmemostweremybrother’sdefeatedexpression，hislonelyfigure，andthesadflashin

Toby’seyesasheleftintherain.最让我印象深刻的是哥哥那副沮丧的神情、落寞的身影，以及

托比在雨中离去时，眼中闪过的一丝悲伤。

用法归纳

①bestruckby/with...被……击中；被……打动

Itoccursto/hits/strikessbthat...某人突然想起……

strike...intoone’sheart使某人对……刻骨铭心

②be/goonstrike在/举行罢工

即时练习

单句语法填空

①_________________（strike）bywhathehaddoneforme，Icouldn’tcontainmyself，tears

ofgratitudeflowingdownmycheeks.

一句多译

②我突然想到一个好主意，我们可以在即将到来的教师节送给老师一

份手工制作的礼物。

→_________________________________________________________wecouldgivea

handmadegifttoourteacherforthecomingTeachers’Day.

→_______________________________________________________wecouldgiveahandmade

gifttoourteacherforthecomingTeachers’Day.（it作形式主语）

参考答案：①Struck②Agoodideaoccurredto/struck/hitmethat;Itoccurredto/struck/hitmethat

10.effectn.影响；结果；效果

情景导学

DuringLiBai’slifetime，hewroteagreatnumberofexcellentpoems，allofwhichhaveagreat

effectonChineseculture.（人物介绍）

李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，这些诗歌对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。

用法归纳

takeeffect生效；见效

comeintoeffect生效

haveaneffect/influence/impacton/upon对……产生影响

put...intoeffect实施；使……生效

词汇拓展

effectiveadj.有效的；有影响的

即时练习

单句语法填空

①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Thismethodmaynotbe______________（effect）foreveryoneaseach

student’soralabilityisdifferent.

②Aftermonthsofpreparation，thenewpublichealthmeasurecame_________effectlastweekend.

微写作

③希望我的建议不久会付诸实施来解决这些问题。（建议信）

Hopefully，mysuggestions___________________________________toaddresstheseproblems.

参考答案：①effective②into③willsoonbeputintoeffect

11.supplyn.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给

情景导学

Thegovernmenthassuppliedthelocalpeoplewithplentyoffoodandclothessincetheearthquake

occurred.政府在地震发生后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。

用法归纳

①inshortsupply短缺

haveagoodsupplyof...备有许多……

②supplysthtosb为某人提供某物

supplysbwithsth为某人提供某物

点津：

①supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。

②表示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有:providesbwithsth=providesthforsb、offersbsth=offersth

tosb。

即时练习

一句多译·背诵

①此外,这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会,帮助你发展创造力,与志同道合的同学建立友谊。(应

用文之活动介绍)

→Moreover,thecompetitionwill______________________________achancetodevelopyour

creativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.

→Moreover,thecompetitionwill_________________youtodevelopyourcreativityandbuild

friendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.

参考答案：①supplyyouwith;supplyachanceto

单元句型

1.句型公式：asif...似乎/好像……

教材原句：Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend！仿佛世界末日即将来临！

知识总结

(1)asif相当于asthough,意为“似乎,好像”,用在seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。

(2)asif/though还可引导方式状语从句。若asif从句描述非现实情况,则用虚拟语气。

①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were);

②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去完成时(had+过去分词)。

③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时,谓语动词用过去将来时(would/counld/might+动原)

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Listen,thewhistleofanambulance!Itseemsasifthere_____(be)anemergency.

②Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifshe__________(be)their

ownmother.

微写作

③我一靠近房子，就注意到爸爸妈妈站在那辆旧卡车旁边，一脸悲

伤。好像发生了什么不愉快的事情。（场景、情绪描写）

Uponapproachingthehouse，Inoticedthatmydadandmomstoodbesidetheoldtruck，looking

sad.________________________________________________________________________.

参考答案：①is②were③Itseemedasifsomethingunpleasanthadhappened

2.句型公式：bedoingsthwhen...正在做某事这时（突然）……

例句：Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.

知识总结

when表示“这时突然”，还用于以下三种句型：

beabouttodo...when...正要做……突然……

beonthepointofdoing...when...正要做……突然……

had（just）done...when...刚做完……这时……

即时练习

单句语法填空

①Hewon'tcometoourpartyevenif__________(invite).

②Even__________hewasstuckinhardships,hestillwillinglyhelpedthoseintrouble.(应用文之人

物介绍)

微写作·背诵

③即使我吓得浑身颤抖,我仍然鼓起勇气,走上舞台,开始了我的演讲。(续写之恐惧心理描写)

___________________________________________________________,Istillgatheredupallmy

courage,steppedonthestageandbeganmyspeech.

参考答案：①invited②if/though

③Evenif/thoughIwassofrightenedthatItrembledallover

单元语法：AttributiveClauses定于从那句

1.定语的定义：定语--修饰名词或代词的成分，用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征。

①可充当定语的主要有形容词，名词，介词短语，非谓语，句子；常译为“……的”

②在所修饰词之前的定语为前置定语，在所修饰词之后的定语为后置定语。

③单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。

2.定语从句考点：

①关系代词的用法

关系代词先行词句法功能

who人主语、宾语

whom人宾语

that人或物主语、宾语、表语

which物主语、宾语

whose人或物定语

as人或物主语、宾语、表语

②关系副词的用法

先行词关系副词句法功能与“介词＋关系代词”的关系

表示时间的名词：time，day，

when作时间状语相当于at/in/on/duringwhich

year等

表示场所的名词：park，place，

where作地点状语相当于in/at/to/onwhich

country，house等

表示原因的名词：reasonwhy作原因状语相当于forwhich

3.解题思路

即时练习

Ⅰ单句语法填空

1.Adisasterisaverybadaccidentorasuddenevent___________usuallycausesgreatdamageand

canruinmanypeople’slives.

2.Thewomanwantedtofindandthankthefirefighter__________rescuedherfromthefire.

3.Atyphoonisanextremelystrongwind___________oftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.

4.Thechildren________parentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighborsandfriends.

5.Thelistofpeopleto____________________helphasbeengivenislong.

6.Theteamtreatedmorethan3,000people__________________wereinjuredinthe2006

earthquakeinIndonesia.

7.Theyhavetobeabletodowork_____________isdifficultunderconditions____________canbe

verydangerous.

8.Atsunamiisaverylargewave____________isoftencausedbyanearthquakeunderthesea.

9.Peopleto_______muchisgivenarepeopleof_________muchwillbeexpected.

参考答案：①that/which②that/who③that/which④whose⑤whom

⑥who/that⑦that/which；that/which⑧that/which⑨whom;whom

Ⅱ语篇填空

ThoughIcan’tremembereverything1._______happenedduringthetimeinuniversity,Istill

remembersomepeopleandthings2._____wererelatedtoMissBrown,3._____usedtobemonitor

inourclass.Ifyouwanttoknowaboutthelady4._________Ireferredtoinmydiary,Icantellyou

it’sher,MissBrown.Hereisastory5.__________makesmerememberMissBrownuntilnow.

Oneafternoon,sheandIarrivedinNewYork,6.________wewouldlookforwardto.Wewentto

thebiggestbookshopin7.______thereweredifferentkinds

参考答案：1.that2.that3.who4.who/that5.that/which6.which7.which

（时间：40分钟）

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.（2025·全国一卷）Withthebiscuitsmywifehadmade，Iarrivedatmybrother’sdoor.I

（呼吸）deeplyandknockedonthedoor，myheartpoundingfast.

2.（2025·全国二卷）Ifearedthatmyclassmatesmightgrowtiredofmy（努力）

orevenlosepatiencewithme.

3.Theearthquakelastedmorethanfourminutes，andmanypeoplewhowereburiedunderthe

（废墟）waitedforrescueworkerstocometotheirrescue.

4.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Having（挥手）goodbyetohim，Isprintedtowardsthe

bus，leavinghimbehindwithapromisetosettlethefareuponmyreturn.

5.（2025·全国一卷）Themomentmybrotheropenedthedoor，Ihuggedhimtightly，hiseyes

（大量涌入）withtears.（动作、情绪描写）

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1.Thediseasehasaffectedmanypeopleandhascausedatleast30

uptonow.（dead）

2.We’dliketohavethesegoodsnowandwearewillingtopayextraforthe

immediate.（deliver）

3.Onreturningtothetown，theywere（shock）tofindtheirneighborhoodin

ruins.（情感描写）

4.Sherestedherchininherhands，andlookedbackonthosedayswith

（affect）andgratitude.（动作描写）

5.Masteringsomebasicskillswouldgreatlyincreasethechancesof.Thanksto

theswimmingskills，heandhisfriendsucceededintheterriblefloodandthey

weretheonlytwo.（survive）

6.Shehasbeensufferingthelossofmemorysinceshehadthatcaraccidentand

her（suffer）isbeyonddescription.

Ⅲ.短语填空

sweepaway；inruins；inshock；onhand；cometoanend

1.Ashisperformance，theaudienceburstintoapplause.

2.Hegaveheraslightpatontheshoulder，smiling，“Iamalwaystohelp.”

3.Hearingtheterriblenewsaboutthetyphoon，shewas.（心理、情绪描

写）

4.Atthatmoment，asuddenfeelingofsadnessallmyanger.（情感描写）

5.Onapproachingthehousefromtheback，heenteredanopenroom，wherenearlyallthewalls

lay.

Ⅳ.高级句式表达

1.第二天早上，哈利五点就醒了。他既兴奋又紧张，再也睡不着了。

Harrywokeatfiveo’clockthenextmorningandwas.

2.他伸展四肢，好像在飞，他的眼睛因为兴奋睁得大大的。（动作、情感描写）

Hethrowshisarmsandlegsout，hiseyeswidewithexcitement.

3.他们正在车里跟着最喜欢的歌曲哼唱，这时一只狗穿过了马路。

Theyadogcrossedthero

Ⅴ.阅读理解

A

（2026·湖南省“一起考”部分学校大联考）Asthefirstgirlinmyfamily，Iwasbornin

Venezuela，twelvemonthstothedaybeforeoneofthebiggestearthquakesinthecountry’shistory

struckthecapitalcityCaracasin1967.I’vealwaysseenthisasasignofmydestiny.

Disastershavethepotentialtosetbackanation’sdevelopmentforyearsandeven

decades.However，mypersonalexperienceshavetaughtmethattheextentofdamageoften

dependsonwhetherthereisacultureofpreventionwithintheaffectedsociety.

IrecallatimewhenIwaslivinginanapartmentbuildingwhenamoderateearthquake

struck.Myreaction，aftertheimmediate“drop，cover，holdon”reflexes（反射动作），was

tohopethatthebuildingwouldprovetobestructurallysound.Astheshakingslowlystopped，Iran

outsidetowaitforpossibleaftershocks.Myfears，thankfully，didnothappen.Ithadresistedthe

quakebecauseitfollowedthecountry’sbuildingcodes.

Occasionslikethisshowthenecessityofhavingupdatedbuildingcodesthatincludelessons

learnedfrompastdisasters.Hadthebuildingnotfollowedtheseupdatedcodes，Imaynothave

survived.Thisexperiencehasonlystrengthenedmybeliefinthevalueofpreventioninmitigating

theimpactofdisasters.

IhavespentthepasttwoyearsworkingontheBuiltEnvironmentinLatinAmericaandthe

CaribbeanProject.Theprojecthasdevelopedrisk-informedpoliciesandengineeringtechniquesin

thesixcountriesthatwereselectedfortheirparticularlyhighexposuretoearthquakes.Thisproject

fitsperfectlywithmyprofessionalandpersonalgoals，asitcombinesmypassionandexperiencein

riskreduction.LikethethirdlittlepiginthetaleofThreeLittlePigs，whoputsresilience（韧性）

aboveconveniencewhilebuildinghishousefrombricks，I’mcommittedtobuildingaframework

ofpreventionandresilience，asIknowthatearlyactiontodaycanpreventproblemstomorrow.

1.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasherdestiny？（）

A.Rebuildingcitiesafterdisasters.B.Experiencingmanyearthquakes.

C.Doingworkrelatedtoearthquakes.D.UpdatingbuildingcodesinVenezuela.

2.Whydidtheearthquakementionedinparagraph3impresstheauthor？（）

A.Sherealizedthedangerofearthquakes.B.Shefeltshedidnotrespondwellenough.

C.Shewasveryluckytoescapewithherlife.D.Sherecognizedtheimportanceofprevention.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mitigating”inparagraph4mean？（）

A.Causing.B.Reducing.

C.Ignoring.D.Avoiding.

4.WhatdoesthetaleofThreeLittlePigsimply？（）

A.Teamworkmattersinpreventingdisasters.B.Riskreductionworkrequiresalotofskills.

C.Damagecausedbydisasterscanbeavoided.D.Buildinghousesneedspassionandexperience.

B

（2026·济南三模）Scientistshaverevealedmuchofthebasicsaboutearthquakes：tectonic

plates（构造板块）move，causingstrainenergy（应变能）tobuildup，andthatenergy

eventuallyreleasesintheformofanearthquake.However，forecastingearthquakesremainsa

significantchallenge，whichwasevidencedbythe2011greatTohokuearthquake.Inadditionto

causingatsunamithatledtotheFukushimanucleardisaster，itresultedinmorethan18，000deaths.

Inrecentyears，researchershavebeentryingtofigureoutapossiblerelationbetweenthesun

andearthquakes.Basedonapreviousstudythatconnectedsolaractivitywithearthquakes，astudy

conductedbyresearchersfromtheUniversityofTsukuba（UT）castlightonthispossibility，

confirmingthatsunspotnumbershadsomeinfluenceonearthquakesandthatEarth’sclimate，as

affectedbysolarheat，playedarole.

“Solarheatdrivesatmospherictemperaturechanges，whichinturncanaffectthingslikerock

propertiesandundergroundwatermovement，”saidJunqueiraSaldanha，leaderoftheresearch

team.“Suchchangescanmakerockstendtobreakapart.Forexample，thechangesinrainfalland

snowmeltcanaffectthepressureontectonicplateboundaries.Whilethesefactorsmaynotbethe

maindriversofearthquakes，theycouldstillbeplayingarolethatcanhelptopredictearthquakes.”

Amongotherfindings，theresearchersusedmathematicalandcomputationalmethodsto

analyzeearthquakedataalongsidesolaractivityrecordsandsurfacetemperaturesonEarth.They

observedthatwhentheyincludedEarthsurfacetemperaturesintotheirmodel，theforecasting

becamemoreaccurate，especiallyforshallowearthquakes.“Thatmakessense，sinceheatand

watermostlyaffecttheupperlayersoftheEarth’scrust（地壳），”saidSaldanha.

ThefindingssuggestthetransferofsolarheattothesurfaceoftheEarthdoesaffectearthquakes，

howeverminutely，andthatincorporatingsolaractivitypredictionsintodetailedEarthtemperature

modelsmayhelpissueearthquakeforecasts.“It’sanexcitingdirection，andwehopeourstudycan

decipherthebiggerpictureofwhatcausesearthquakes，”saidSaldanha.

5.WhydidtheauthormentionTohokuearthquakeinparagraph1？（）

A.Todemonstratethemovementoftectonicplates.

B.Toillustratethedifficultyinearthquakeforecast.

C.Torevealtheheavylossescausedbyearthquakes.

D.Tostressthenecessityofweakeningstrainenergy.

6.WhatdoesthestudybyUTmainlyfocuson？（）

A.Theclimatechangecausedbyearthquakes.B.Theimpactofsolaractivityonatmosphere.

C.Thereasonsforincreasedsunspotnumbers.D.Thelinkbetweensunspotsandearthquakes.

7.WhichofthefollowingwouldSaldanhaagreewith？（）

A.Solarheatdecidesearthquakefrequency.B.Tectonicplatepressuregrowsconstantly.

C.Earthquakesoccurinthecrust’supperlayer.D.Solaractivitydatahelpspredictearthquakes.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decipher”inthelastparagraphmean？（）

A.Reveal.B.Distinguish.

C.Expand.D.Assess.

Ⅵ.阅读七选五

（2026·长沙模拟）Asspringbegins，sodoesafreshsongatdaybreak，uniquetothe

season.Justbeforethesunrises，birdsstartsingingtheirmelodies，creatingasymphony.This

phenomenonisknownasthedawnchorusandthisharmonyofbirdsongatdawnhappensduringa

fundamentaltimeoftheyear.Thedawnchorusis，infact，mostlycomposedofbirdsofboth

genderssingingtofindamate.9.Theyneedtocompetewitheachotheraswell，andthe

louder，thebetterinregardtowhoisthemostimpressivemate.

10.There’salotofdebate，anditseemsthatthereisnogeneralagreementonexactly

whyitisthateverythinghappensatdawn.Onepossibilityisthatweatherconditionsatdawnmakeit

easierforbirdsongtotravel.11.Soundalsotransmitsmoreclearlywhenhumidity（湿度）is

highersothatdetailsofthesongdonotdegradeasmuchoverdistance.Itmayalsobethatinthe

morning，afterthenighthaspassed，malebirdswanttoinformtheircompetitorsthatthey’restil