2025-2026年天津市北师大版高中英语一轮复习阅读理解冲刺试卷

2025-2026年天津市北师大版高中英语一轮复习阅读理解冲刺试卷一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage,theword"pivotal"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.essentialB.optionalC.temporaryD.predictable（解析：根据第7单元课文《GlobalWarmingandHumanActions》中"pivotalroleofrenewableenergy"的语境，pivotal强调关键作用，与essential（关键的）语义最接近。optional意为“可选的”，temporary意为“暂时的”，predictable意为“可预测的”，均与原文语境不符。该题考查词汇在语境中的具体含义，需结合单元主题理解能源在环保中的核心地位。）2.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingisNOTabenefitofusingsolarenergy?A.Itreducesairpollution.B.Itisexpensivetoinstall.C.Itissustainableinthelongterm.D.Itdependsonweatherconditions.（解析：依据第7单元《RenewableEnergySources》中关于太阳能的段落，明确指出太阳能无污染、可再生（sustainable），且受天气影响（dependsonweather）。选项B"安装成本高"与文中"initialinvestmentishighbutpaysoff"矛盾，太阳能的长期效益被强调，故为错误选项。该题考查对单元核心信息的筛选与排除能力。）3.Theauthorofthepassagelikelyholdswhichattitudetowardwindpower?A.StronglycriticalB.IndifferentC.SupportiveD.Uncertain（解析：根据第7单元《WindEnergy:ProsandCons》中"despiteitsenvironmentalbenefits,windfarmscandisruptlocalecosystems"的表述，作者既承认优点又指出缺点，体现客观平衡态度。supportive（支持）最符合这种辩证观点，critical（批判）与文中列举的积极方面矛盾，indifferent（冷漠）和uncertain（不确定）均与作者明确的分析逻辑不符。）4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassageabouthydropower?A.Topersuadereaderstobuildmoredams.B.Tocompareitwithotherrenewablesources.C.Toexplainitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.D.Toargueagainstitsenvironmentalimpact.（解析：第7单元《Hydropower:ADouble-EdgedSword》中详细分析了水力发电的"lowcarbonemission"和"habitatdestruction"两方面，典型的利弊说明。选项C准确概括了这种结构，A（劝说）与客观性不符，B（比较）未涉及其他能源，D（反对）忽略文中承认的环保优势。该题考查对单元典型文章结构的把握。）5.Thephrase"asilverbullet"inthetextmostprobablymeans______.A.aperfectsolutionB.atemporaryfixC.adangerousweaponD.anexpensiveproduct（解析：在第7单元《InnovationsinGreenTechnology》中讨论储能技术时，作者用"silverbullet"形容当前技术仍不完善，暗示非终极方案。aperfectsolution（完美方案）符合这种语境，temporaryfix（临时措施）与文中强调的长期挑战矛盾，dangerousweapon（危险武器）与绿色技术主题无关，expensiveproduct（昂贵产品）未体现技术局限性。）6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthebiggestchallengeforgeothermalenergy?A.HighinstallationcostsB.LimitedgeographicalavailabilityC.RapidtechnologicaldevelopmentD.Publicopposition（解析：第7单元《GeothermalEnergy:TheEarth'sGift》明确指出其分布受地质条件限制，"notallregionshavesuitableundergroundstructures"。选项B（地理限制）与原文"location-dependent"的表述一致，A（安装成本）文中未列为主要问题，C（技术发展）被描述为"rapidprogress"，D（公众反对）未提及。该题考查对单元特定能源信息的定位能力。）7.TheauthorusestheexampleofDenmark'swindpowerto______.A.criticizeitsinefficiencyB.supporttheideaofnationalpoliciesC.dismissalternativeenergysourcesD.highlighttheimportanceofresearch（解析：第7单元《CaseStudy:Denmark'sRenewableEnergyRevolution》中，作者通过丹麦政府补贴政策成功发展风能的案例，论证国家支持对可再生能源推广的作用。supporttheideaofnationalpolicies（支持国家政策）最符合文意，criticize（批评）与事实相反，dismiss（否定）与文中案例的正面作用矛盾，highlightresearch（强调研究）未涉及核心论点。）8.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy?A.Itwillreplacefossilfuelscompletelyby2030.B.Itwillfacemorechallengesthanbenefits.C.Itrequiresmoreinvestmentandinnovation.D.Itwillbecomeirrelevantindevelopedcountries.（解析：第7单元《TheRoadAhead:RenewableEnergyProspects》总结时提到"continuousR&Dandinfrastructureexpansionareneeded"，暗示发展依赖投入。选项C（需要更多投资和创新）与原文"investmentgap"和"technologicalbreakthroughs"的表述一致，A（完全替代）过于绝对，B（挑战大于收益）忽略文中强调的长期价值，D（发达国家无关）与全球趋势矛盾。）9.Theword"subsidies"inthetextrefersto______.A.taxesonrenewableenergyB.financialsupportfromgovernmentsC.restrictionsonfossilfuelsD.privateinvestmentsingreenprojects（解析：第7单元《EconomicIncentivesforGreenEnergy》中多次出现"subsidies"与"renewabletaxcredits"并列，明确指政府财政激励。financialsupportfromgovernments（政府财政支持）最准确，taxes（税收）与subsidies方向相反，restrictions（限制）是另一种政策工具，privateinvestments（私人投资）未体现政府主导性。）10.Howdoesthepassagestructureitsargumentabouttidalenergy?A.Bypresentingstatisticsfirst,thenopinions.B.Bycomparingitwithsolarandwind.C.Bylistingitsbenefitsandchallengesinorder.D.Byfocusingonlyonitseconomicaspects.（解析：第7单元《TidalEnergy:TheUntappedPower》按"lowimpactonenvironment"→"highcosts"的顺序展开，典型的利弊分析结构。选项C（按顺序列优缺点）符合这种逻辑，A（数据在前观点在后）与文中平衡论述不符，B（与其他能源比较）未涉及对比，D（仅经济）忽略文中环境角度。该题考查对单元典型论证方法的识别。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagestatesthatsolarpanelscansignificantly______inreducinghouseholdelectricitybills.（参考答案：reduce）（解析：第7单元《SolarPowerforHomes》中提到"installingsolarpanelscancutmonthlyexpensesbyupto50%"，填reduce（减少）最符合原文数据。）2.Accordingtothetext,windenergyisconsidered______becauseitdoesnotproducegreenhousegasesduringoperation.（参考答案：environmentallyfriendly）（解析：第7单元《WindEnergy:ProsandCons》明确指出其"zeroemissions"特性，environmentallyfriendly（环保）是标准表述。）3.Theauthorsuggeststhatthemaindrawbackofhydropowerisitspotentialto______localwildlifehabitats.（参考答案：damage）（解析：第7单元《Hydropower:ADouble-EdgedSword》中"damagesriverecosystems"的表述直接对应，damage（损害）准确传达了负面影响。）4.Inthepassage,thephrase"thewritingisonthewall"impliesthattheuseoffossilfuelsis______.（参考答案：declining）（解析：第7单元《FossilFuels:TheEndofanEra》用此比喻暗示不可持续趋势，declining（下降）符合文中"phase-outby2050"的预测。）5.ThepassagementionsthatgeothermalenergyisavailableinplaceslikeIcelandbecauseof______.（参考答案：volcanicactivity）（解析：第7单元《GeothermalEnergy:TheEarth'sGift》解释其形成与地热活动相关，volcanicactivity（火山活动）是关键地质条件。）6.TheauthorusestheexampleofGermany'sEnergiewendepolicytoshowhow______candriverenewableenergyadoption.（参考答案：governmentinitiatives）（解析：第7单元《PolicyMatters:RenewableEnergyinGermany》强调法律激励的作用，governmentinitiatives（政府举措）概括了文中政策工具。）7.Thepassagesuggeststhatthedevelopmentofrenewableenergyfacesa______duetoinsufficientfunding.（参考答案：gap）（解析：第7单元《TheInvestmentChallenge》明确提到"financinggap"，gap（差距）是专业术语。）8.Accordingtothetext,tidalenergyis______becauseitispredictableandconsistent.（参考答案：reliable）（解析：第7单元《TidalEnergy:TheUntappedPower》将此特性描述为reliable（可靠的），强调其稳定性。）9.Theauthorarguesthatwhilerenewableenergyhasbenefits,italsorequires______toovercometechnicallimitations.（参考答案：furtherresearch）（解析：第7单元《InnovationsinGreenTechnology》多次提及"researchanddevelopmentneeded"，furtherresearch（进一步研究）是核心观点。）10.Thepassageconcludesthatthefutureofenergydependsonourabilityto______andimplementsustainablesolutions.（参考答案：adopt）（解析：第7单元《TheRoadAhead》强调行动的重要性，adopt（采纳）符合文中"globalcooperationisessential"的呼吁。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagestatesthatsolarenergyisthemostcost-effectiverenewablesourcecurrentlyavailable.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《SolarPowerforHomes》承认其长期效益，但未称其为"mostcost-effective"，反而指出初期投资高，该表述过于绝对。）2.Accordingtothetext,windfarmshavenonegativeimpactonbirds'migrationpatterns.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《WindEnergy:ProsandCons》明确提到"candisruptbirdflights"，该说法与事实相反。）3.Theauthorofthepassagebelievesthathydropowershouldbeabandonedcompletelyduetoitsenvironmentalissues.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《Hydropower:ADouble-EdgeSword》主张权衡利弊，未提出完全放弃，而是呼吁改进技术。）4.Thephrase"asilverbullet"inthetextmeansthatcurrentgreentechnologiesareperfectsolutionstoclimatechange.（参考答案：False）（解析：如选择题第5题解析所述，silverbullet指非终极方案，与"perfectsolutions"矛盾。）5.Thepassagesuggeststhatgeothermalenergyiswidelyavailableinmostpartsoftheworld.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《GeothermalEnergy:TheEarth'sGift》强调其"geographicallylimited"，并非普遍存在。）6.TheauthorusesDenmark'sexampletoarguethatwindpowerisnotviableinmostcountries.（参考答案：False）（解析：如选择题第7题解析所述，丹麦案例被用来支持国家政策的重要性，而非否定普遍适用性。）7.Thepassageimpliesthattidalenergyismoreexpensivethansolarorwindpower.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《TidalEnergy:TheUntappedPower》未进行直接成本比较，仅指出其技术挑战，未明确更贵。）8.Theauthorbelievesthatgovernmentsubsidiesareunnecessaryforrenewableenergydevelopment.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《EconomicIncentives》多次肯定补贴作用，与该说法矛盾。）9.Thepassageconcludesthatrenewableenergywillsolveallenvironmentalproblemsby2030.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《TheRoadAhead》强调挑战仍存，未承诺全面解决，该预测过于乐观。）10.Theauthorsuggeststhatprivatecompaniesshouldtaketheleadinfundingrenewableenergyprojects.（参考答案：False）（解析：第7单元《TheInvestmentChallenge》指出政府角色不可或缺，未否定私人投资，但未强调其主导地位。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethethreemainadvantagesofsolarenergy?（参考答案：①Lowoperatingcostsafterinstallation②Abundantsupplyinmostregions③Nogreenhousegasemissionsduringuse）（解析：第7单元《SolarPowerforHomes》分三点说明其优点，需准确复述文中逻辑。）2.Thepassagementionsthathydropowerhasbothbenefitsanddrawbacks.Whatarethey?（参考答案：Benefits:cleanenergy,highefficiency；Drawbacks:habitatdisruption,highconstructioncosts）（解析：第7单元《Hydropower:ADouble-EdgeSword》明确列举，需分项作答。）3.Howdoestheauthoruseevidenceinthepassagetosupporttheargumentaboutwindenergy?（参考答案：CitesDenmark's50%windpowerusage；Referencesstudiesonbirdimpact；Comparescostswithfossilfuels）（解析：第7单元《WindEnergy:ProsandCons》通过数据、研究、成本对比构建论证，需概括方法。）4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheroleofgovernmentpoliciesinpromotingrenewableenergy?（参考答案：Policieslikesubsidiesandtaxcreditscanaccelerateadoption；Governmentinitiativesarecrucialforovercomingmarketfailures）（解析：第7单元《PolicyMatters》强调政策工具的作用，需结合具体例子。）5.Thepassagediscussesfourtypesofrenewableenergy.Whichoneisdescribedashavingthemostpredictableoutput?（参考答案：Tidalenergy）（解析：第7单元《TidalEnergy:TheUntappedPower》明确指出其时间稳定性，需定位信息。）6.Accordingtothetext,whatisthebiggestobstacletogeothermalenergybecomingmorewidespread?（参考答案：Highexplorationanddrillingcosts）（解析：第7单元《GeothermalEnergy:TheEarth'sGift》指出经济因素是主要限制，需准确表述。）7.Thepassageusesthephrase"thewritingisonthewall"toconveyamessageaboutfossilfuels.Whatisit?（参考答案：Theirdominanceisdecliningduetoenvironmentalconcernsandregulations）（解析：第7单元《FossilFuels:TheEndofanEra》通过比喻暗示不可持续性，需理解深层含义。）8.Howdoestheauthorbalancepositiveandnegativeaspectsofrenewableenergyinthepassage?（参考答案：Presentingbenefitslikeemissionsreductionalongsidechallengeslikehighcosts；Usingcasestudiestoshowbothsuccessesandfailures）（解析：全文体现客观性，需概括平衡策略，如对比结构、案例选择等。）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:AsmalltowninruralChinawantstoswitchtorenewableenergy.Thelocalgovernmentofferssubsidiesforsolarpanels,butwindturbinesaretooexpensive.Thetownhasariverbutnohydroelectricpotential.Whatrenewableenergysourcewouldbemostsuitable,andwhy?（参考答案：Solarpanels.Reason:Thetownlackswindresourcesandhydropotential,butsolariscost-effectivewithgovernmentsupport,andsuitableforruralareaswithsunlight.）（解析：需结合案例限制条件（无风、无水）和单元知识（太阳能补贴、地理适用性），给出专业建议并说明理由。）2.Scenario:Astudentreadsanarticleinthepassageabouttheenvironmentalimpactofhydropower.Thearticlementionsdamsaffectingfishmigration.Thestudentplanstowriteanessayarguingforhydropower.Howshouldtheyaddressthisdrawback?（参考答案：Acknowledgetheissuebutargueformitigationmeasureslikefishladdersorimprovedturbinedesigns.Highlighthydropower'soverallbenefitslikelowemissionsandhighefficiency.）（解析：考查对单元辩证思维的理解，需体现承认问题但提出解决方案，平衡利弊。）3.Problem:Acompanyisdecidingbetweeninvestinginsolarorgeothermalenergyforafactory.Solarcosts$1millionupfrontbuthaslowoperatingcosts.Geothermalcosts$3millionupfrontbutismorereliable.Whichshouldtheychoose,andwhy?（参考答案：Geothermal.Reason:Thepassageemphasizeslong-termreliabilityasakeyadvantageofgeothermal,outweighinghigherinitialcostswhenenergystabilityiscritical.）（解析：需结合单元对两种能源特性的对比（太阳能低成本、地热可靠），并考虑实际应用场景。）4.Analysis:ThepassagementionsthatDenmark'swindpowersuccesswasduetogovernmentpolicies.Ifanothercountrywantssimilarresults,whatstepsshouldtheytake?（参考答案：Implementrenewableenergytargets；Offertaxincentivesforwindfarms；Supportresearchintoturbineefficiency.）（解析：需定位单元关于政策推动的内容（如德国案例），提出具体可操作的策略。）5.Debate:Twoclassmatesdisagreeabouttidalenergy.Onethinksit'sthecleanestenergysourcebecauseit'spredictable.Theotherarguesit'stooexpensivetobuild.Howwouldyousummarizetheirpositions?（参考答案：Pro:Tidalenergyiszero-emissionandconsistent.Con:Highconstructionandmaintenancecostsmakeiteconomicallyunviableforsmall-scaleprojects.）（解析：需概括单元对潮汐能的双重描述（环保与成本），体现对立观点。）6.Solution:Acityhaslimitedspacebutabundantsunlight.Themayorwantstoreducecarbonemissions.Whatrenewableenergysolutionwouldyourecommend,andhowwoulditwork?（参考答案：Rooftopsolarpanels.Reason:Solarisspace-efficientforurbanareas,reduceselectricitybills,andcutsemissionswithoutlanduseconflicts.）（解析：需结合案例特点（空间有限、阳光充足）和单元知识（太阳能应用），给出创新性解决方案。）7.Evaluation:Thepassagementionsthatgeothermalenergyhas"location-dependent"availability.Howwouldthislimitationaffectacompanyplanningtobuildageothermalpowerplant?（参考答案：Thecompanymustconductextensivegeologicalsurveystofindsuitablesites.Theymayfacehigherrisksandcostsifthelocationisunsuitable.）（解析：需理解单元对地热能地理限制的描述，分析实际影响。）8.Proposal:Ifyouwereapolicyadvisor,whatthreechangeswouldyoumaketoencouragerenewableenergyadoptioninyourcountry?（参考答案：1.Increasesubsidiesforhomesolarinstallations；2.Setmandatoryrenewableenergyquotasforindustries；3.Fundresearchintocheaperbatterystorage.）（解析：需结合单元关于政策激励的内容，提出系统性建议，体现专业性和可行性。）【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.C4.C5.A6.B7.B8.C9.B10.C（解析示例：第1题解析见上文，其他题目依此类推，每题需包含对原文依据的引用和逻辑分析。）二、填空题1.reduce2.environmentallyfriendly3.damage4.declining5.volcanicactivity6.governmentinitiatives7.gap8.reliable9.furtherresearch10.adopt（解析：每题需说明空格在原文中的具体语境和对应词义，如"reduce