《商务英语口语实训》-Unit 4

ContentsSectionOneSoundsofEnglishSectionTwoLanguageBuilding

DialogueOne

DialogueTwoSectionThreeIntensiveReadingSectionFourKnow-howSharingSectionFiveInformationExchangingSectionOneSoundsofEnglish-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

ar[a:]carfarmdarksharpener在[w]音后面[ɔ:]warmquartertowardsor[ɔ:]fortymorningshort在[w]音后面[ə:]wordworkerworseer/ir/ur[ə:]certainlybirdThursdaySectionTwoLanguageBuildingvegetarianism[,vedʒi'teəriənizəm]n.thepracticeofadietthatexcludesmeat

素食主义vegetarian

[,vedʒə‘teəriən]n.apersonwhodoesnoteatmeatorfish素食者；吃素的人moral['mɔrəl]a.concernedwithprinciplesofrightandwrongbehavior道德的statistics

[stə'tistiks]n.abranchofmathematicsconcernedwiththestudyofinformationthatisexpressedinnumbersorfigures统计学GlossaryDialogueOneflesh

[fleʃ]n.thesoftsubstancebetweentheskinandbonesofanimalorhumanbodies动物或人的肉shockingly

['ʃɔkiŋli]adv.extremely极其；非常；令人震惊地consume

[kən'sju:m]v.toeatordrinksomething吃；喝；饮reasonable['ri:znəbl]a.acceptableandappropriateinaparticularsituation可以接受的；合理的excrement['ekskrimənt]n.solidwastematterthatispassedfromthebodythroughthebowels粪便；排泄物antibiotics[,æntibai'ɔtiks]n.medicaldrugsusedtokillbacteriaandtreatinfections抗生素hormone['hɔ:məun]n.achemicalsubstanceproducedinthebodyorinaplantthatencouragesgrowthorinfluenceshowthecellsandtissuesfunction;anartificialsubstancethathassimilareffects荷尔蒙；激素pumpintotofillsomebodywithsomething,especiallydrugs把某物充入；把某物灌输给industrialagriculture产业型农业tremendous

[trə'mendəs]a.verygreat;extraordinaryinsizeorpower

巨大的；极大的raise

[reiz]v.tobreedparticularfarmanimals;togrowparticularcrops饲养；培育；种植ecological

[,i:kə'lɔdʒikl]a.connectedwiththerelationofplantsandlivingcreaturestoeachotherandtotheirenvironment生态的；生态学的tread

[tred]v.toputyourfootdownwhileyouaresteppingorwalking踩；踏；践踏

FindtheInformation

I.Listentothedialogueandfindtheinformationasquicklyaspossible.1.Accordingtothedialogue,whatcausesthemostseriousenvironmentalproblems?2.WhatisthemainreasonforJierongchoosingtobeavegetarian?DialogueJierong:Hey,Elizabeth,canyoutellmewhypeoplechoosetobecomeavegetarian?Elizabeth:Itcanbemoralorhealthreasons,ormaybeit’sameansofsupportingtheenvironment.Jierong:But,Elizabeth,howonearthcanyoumaketheconnectionbetweeneatingmeatsandprotectingtheEarth?(HuangJierongisconsultingElizabethaboutvegetarianism.)Elizabeth:Letmeshowyousomestatistics.Ittakesupto16poundsofgraintoproducejust1poundofanimalflesh.Yousee,it’sshockinglyinefficienttofeedplantfoodstofarmedanimalsandconsumetheirfleshratherthaneattheplantfoodsourselves.Jierong:Soundsreasonable,but…Elizabeth:IntheUSeverysecond,chickens,turkeys,pigs,andcowsinfactoryfarmsproducenearly89,000poundsofexcrement,withtheantibioticsandhormonesthatarepumpedintotheseanimals.Jierong:Wow,Icannotbelieveit!Itpollutesourwaterwayssoseriously.Elizabeth:So,it’sfairtosaythatindustrialagricultureconsumesandwastesatremendousamountofresourcesjustforraisinganimals.Jierong:Ihaveneverthoughtofitbefore.Elizabeth:Sonow,doyouagreethatthemostseriousenvironmentalproblemsofourtimearealldirectlylinkedtoeatingmeat?Elizabeth:Yes,youareright.Andinordertoreducemy“ecologicalfootprint,”andtreadlightlyontheplanet,I’llhaveavegetariandiettoday.BearinMind

II.Listenandwritedownwhatyou’veheard.Thenreadandreciteittillyoucanusethemfluently.

1.Beingavegetarianis_______________supportingtheenvironment.2.Thereisaconnectionbetween_________meatand_________theearth.3.Letme_________yousomestatistics.4.Ittakesupto16poundsof_________toproducejust1poundof____________.5.Sounds_________.6._____________________consumesandwastesatremendousamountofresourcesjustforraisinganimals.7.Mostseriousenvironmentalproblemsaredirectly________________eatingmeat.8.I’llhavea________________today.

SectionTwoLanguageBuildingcurrently

[‘kʌrəntli]adv.atthistimeorperiod;now;atpresent

现在；当前；此刻numerous

[‘nju:mərəs]a.existinginlargenumbers;many

众多的；许多的；无数的hearsay[‘hiəsei]n.thingsthatyouhaveheardfromanotherpersonbutdonot(definitely)knowtobetrue;rumor

道听途说；传闻；谣言GlossaryDialogueTwotheatrical

[θi‘ætrikl]a.connectedwiththetheatre戏剧的；演剧的；剧场的crosstalk[‘krɔ:stɔ:k]n.相声etiquette

[‘etiket]n.theformalrulesofcorrectorpolitebehaviorinsocietyoramongmembersofaparticularprofession（社会或行业中的）礼节，礼仪，规矩pour[pɔ:(r)]v.toserveadrinkbylettingitflowfromacontainerintoacuporglass倒，斟（饮料）ProperNames&SpecificTermsSichuanOpera川剧，是中国戏曲剧种之一，是四川文化的一大特色，早在唐代就有“蜀戏冠天下”的说法。川剧脸谱，是川剧表演艺术中重要的组成部分，是历代川剧艺人共同创造并传承下来的艺术瑰宝。TableTalk

I.GroupWorkWhilesomepeoplearepouringintocities,somepeopleincitieswanttomovetothecountryside.Theybothhavetheirpreferences.Lookatthefollowingtwochartsindicatingdifferentwaysofthinking.Doyouagreewiththem?Addmoreideasifyoucan.DialogueJierong:David,doyouknowwhatChengduisfamousfor?David:Iguessteahouse.ItissaidthatChinahasthebestteahousesintheworldandChengduhasthebestteahousesinChina.Jierong:Yeah!Therearecurrentlymorethan6,000teahousesinChengdu.David:That’swhyIcanseenumerousteahousesalongthestreetshere.(HuangJierongandDavidareenjoyingteainoneofthebestteahousesinChengdu,Sichuan.)Jierong:Peoplegototheteahousestomakefriends,gettogetherwithrelatives,andfindoutnewsandevenhearsay.David:Anythingspecialintheteahouses?Jierong:

Someoftheteahouseshavetheatricalperformances,suchasstorytelling,crosstalk,andSichuanOpera.David:Howmagic!Isitexpensivetobeinteahouses?Jierong:Itdepends.Thecheaponemaycostyouonly5yuan.David:Maybetheseonesaremoresuitableandeconomicalforme.Isthereanyetiquettetodrinkthetea?Jierong:Itisveryinformaltodrinkteahere.Buttherearesomerules,forexample,whensomeonehandsyouacupoftea,takeitwithtwohands.Andwhensomeonepoursyoumoretea,it’spolitetotouchthesideoftheteacupastheypourit,andbesuretosay“thankyou”.David:Itisinteresting!Ijustcan’twaittohaveacupofChengdutea.BearinMind

II.Listenandwritedownwhatyou’veheard.Thenreadandreciteittillyoucanusethemfluently.

1.ItissaidthatChinahasthebestteahousesintheworldandChengdu________________________________.2.Icanseenumerousteahouses____________________here.3.Peoplegototheteahousestomakefriends,________________withrelatives,andfindoutnewsandeven___________.4.Thecheaponemay_______________only5yuan.5.Maybetheseonesaremore______________________forme.6.Whensomeone_________youacupoftea,_________itwithtwohands.7.Whensomeone_________youmoretea,it’spoliteto_________thesideoftheteacupastheypourit,and_________________say“thankyou”.

SectionThreeIntensiveReadingpuppetry

['pʌpitri]n.theartandskillofmakingandusingpuppets木偶制作（或表演）艺术invention

[in‘venʃən]n.athingoranideathathasbeeninvented发明；创造motion[‘məuʃn]n.theactorprocessofmovingorthewaysomethingmoves运动；动作entertainment[,entə‘teinmənt]n.films/movies,music,etc.usedtoentertainpeople

娱乐节目；娱乐活动Glossarypuppet

[‘pʌpit]n.amodelofapersonorananimalthatcanbemadetomove

木偶；布偶figure

[‘figə(r)]n.aparticularshapeformedbylinesorsurfaces图形，图像string[striŋ]n.athinropemadeoftwistedthreads细绳；带子rod

[rɔd]n.alongstraightpieceofwood,metalorglass杆；竿；棒emperor['empərə(r)]n.therulerofanempire皇帝neglectone’sdutyfailtodoorcarryoutone’sduty

玩忽职守cheeruptobecomemorecheerful;tomakesomebody/somethingmorecheerful（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来magician

[mə'dʒiʃn]n.apersonwhocandomagictricks魔术师；变戏法的人magictrickstheartofdoingtricksthatseemimpossibleinordertoentertainpeople戏法；魔术flame

[fleim]n.ahotbrightstreamofburninggasthatcomesfromsomethingthatisonfire火焰；火舌image

['imidʒ]n.apictureofsomebody/somethingseeninamirror,throughacamera,oronatelevisionorcomputer图像；影像lifelike

['laiflaik]a.exactlylikearealpersonorthing逼真的；生动的；栩栩如生的ceremony['serəməni]n.apublicorreligiousoccasionthatincludesaseriesofformalortraditionalactions典礼；仪式spirit

['spirit]n.thesoulthoughtofasseparatefromthebodyandbelievedtoliveonafterdeath;aghost灵魂；鬼魂；幽灵myth

[miθ]n.astoryfromancienttimes,especiallyonethatwastoldtoexplainnaturaleventsortodescribetheearlyhistoryofapeople神话；神话故事legend

['ledʒənd]n.astoryfromancienttimesaboutpeopleandevents,thatmayormaynotbetrue;thistypeofstory传说；传奇故事episode['episəud]n.anevent,asituation,oraperiodoftimeinsomebody’slife,anovel,etc.thatisimportantorinterestinginsomeway（小说的）片段，插曲folktalestorieswithnoknowncreator,passeddownfromonegenerationtoanotherbywordofmouth民间故事fable

['feibl]n.atraditionalshortstorythatteachesamorallesson,especiallyonewithanimalsascharacters;thesestoriesconsideredasagroup寓言；寓言故事plastics['plæstik]n.alightstrongmaterialthatisproducedbychemicalprocessesandcanbeformedintoshapeswhenheated塑料；塑胶projection

[prə'dʒekʃn]n.theactofputtinganimageofsomethingontoasurface;animagethatisshowninthisway投射；放映；投影；放映的影像crisp[krisp]a.pleasantlyclearandsharp清脆悦耳的；清晰分明的cuttingedgethenewest,mostadvancedstageinthedevelopmentofsomething（处于某事物发展的）尖端；最前沿；领先阶段renaissance

[ri'neisns]n.Arevivalofintellectualorartisticachievementandvigor复兴；复活；新生props[prɔps]n.asmallobjectusedbyactorsduringtheperformanceofaplayorinafilm/movie小道具JourneytotheWest

《西游记》RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms

《三国演义》ProperNames&SpecificTerms

TextShadowPuppetry

Shadowpuppetryisoneoftheoldestperformingartsintheworld.ItappearedinChinalongbeforetheinventionofmotionpicturesandtelevision.

IthasbeenapopularformofentertainmentinChinaforcenturies.

Apuppetisafigurewhosemovementsarecontrolledbysomeonethroughstrings,rods,orhandmovements. Asahistorystorytells,thegreatHanEmperorbecameextremelylonelyafterhiswife,theLadyLi,gotsickanddied.Hewassoupsetthatheneglectedhisdutiestogoverntheempire.Hisministersweregreatlyconcernedandtriedtofindwaystocheerhimupsothathecouldreturntohisdutiesagain.

Theyfinallyfoundanoldmagician,whoknewsomeclevermagictricks.HesattheEmperordowninadarkroominfrontofaclothscreen.Then,usingasmallflamebehindthescreen,themagiciancausedanimageoftheLadyLitoappearandmoveinaverylifelikeway.

TheEmperorwasverypleasedandwasatlastabletorecoverfromhisdeepgrief.

Thisrecordtellsussomeimportantinformationabouthowearlyformsofshadowpuppetsmighthavebeenusedinreligiousceremoniesasawayforthelivingtocommunicatewiththeworldofthespirits.

Inmanypalces,shadowpuppetrywasalsoafavoritewayoftellingreligiousstories,andteachingpeopletheimportantmythsandlegendsoftheirculture,atatimewhenfewpeopleknewhowtoread. InChina,shadowpuppeteersperformedmanyfavoriteepisodes,suchasreligiousliteraturelikeJourneytotheWest,historicalnovelslikeRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,andfolktaleslikeBaoGong. Duringthe20thCentury,newmaterialshavebeendevelopedintheartofshadowpuppetry.Theunbreakableplastics,whichhavemadeitpossibletobuildmuchlargershadowfiguresthantraditionalones.Andperhapsthemostsignificantdevelopmenthasbeeninlighting.Computerprojectionshelpcreatecrisp,sharpshadowimagesfortwentyfeettall.

Manyartists,boththoserootedintraditionalshadowformsandthosewithknowledgeofthenewestcuttingedgetechnology,havecontributedtoarenaissanceofthis,theoldestformofmotionpicturemedia.

Today,whentalkingaboutpreservingthetraditionofshadowpuppetry,weshouldpreservenotonlythepuppetsandpropsbutalsothetheatertextsandmusic.

TheyarepartofChineseculture.TheymayhelppromoteChinesecultureandcontributetothecreationofnewartforms.

Adaptedfrom“ChineseShadowPuppetry,”and“ABriefIntroductiontoShadowTheatre”

LanguageandCultureTips1.Shadowpuppetryisoneoftheoldestperformingartsintheworld.ItappearedinChinalongbeforetheinventionofmotionpicturesandtelevision.【Translation】皮影戏是世界上最古老的表演艺术之一。它在中国的出现的时间比电影和电视的发明要早得多。LanguageandCultureTips2.Apuppetisafigurewhosemovementsarecontrolledbysomeonethroughstrings,rods,orhandmovements.【Translation】皮影木偶是一种由艺人通过细绳、细竿和手指的操控来实现图像活动的影像。LanguageandCultureTips3.Hisministersweregreatlyconcernedandtriedtofindwaystocheerhimupsothathecouldreturntohisdutiesagain.【Translation】他的大臣们非常担心，努力想办法让他重新振作起来，以便能重新执掌朝政。【LanguageTips】本句为复合句。在主句中，连词and连接两个并列谓语结构weregreatlyconcerned和triedtofind…。其中不定式tocheerhimup后置定语，修饰ways。sothat引导目的状语从句。LanguageandCultureTips4.HesattheEmperordowninadarkroominfrontofaclothscreen.Then,usingasmallflamebehindthescreen,themagiciancausedanimageoftheLadyLitoappearandmoveinaverylifelikeway.【Translation】他让皇帝坐在一间暗房的一张幕布前。然后，在幕布后面，这个魔法师通过一束小火焰，把李贵妃的形象和动作展现得栩栩如生，活灵活现地投射在幕布上。LanguageandCultureTips5.Thisrecordtellsussomeimportantinformationabouthowearlyformsofshadowpuppetsmighthavebeenusedinreligiousceremoniesasawayforthelivingtocommunicatewiththeworldofthespirits.【Translation】这段记载使我们得到一些重要的信息，即早期的皮影是如何用于宗教仪式上，来作为生者和逝者之间的一种交流方式。【LanguageTips】这是一个复合句。其中，how引导宾语从句howearlyforms…theworldofthespirits，作介词about的宾语。从句谓语为包含情态动词的现在完成时被动语态mighthavebeenused，表示一种不太肯定的推测。As引导的介词短语asawayforthelivingtocommunicatewiththeworldofthespirits作方式状语。其中，不定式tocommunicatewiththeworldofthespirits作后置定语，修饰way。LanguageandCultureTips6.Inmanyplaces,shadowpuppetrywasalsoafavoritewayoftellingreligiousstories,andteachingpeopletheimportantmythsandlegendsoftheirculture,atatimewhenfewpeopleknewhowtoread.【Translation】在很多地方，由于当时能读书识字的人寥寥无几，皮影戏也就成为了一种深受人们喜爱的讲述宗教故事和当地神话传说的方式。【LanguageTips】

这是一个复合句。在主句中，“介词+V-ing形式”，即oftellingreligiousstories,andteachingtheirculture作后置定语，修饰way。Teaching后面跟了双宾语。关系副词when引导限制性定语从句，修饰atime。LanguageandCultureTips7.Manyartists,boththoserootedintraditionalshadowformsandthosewithknowledgeofthenewestcuttingedgetechnology,havecontributedtoarenaissanceofthis,theoldestformofmotionpicturemedia.【Translation】很多艺术家，包括那些致力于传统皮影戏的艺术家和那些掌握最新技术的艺术家，共同推动了这种最古老的动画媒体的复兴。【LanguageTips】这是一个简单句。bothrooted…edgetechnology作主语manyartists的同位语。其中，V-ed形式rootedintraditionalshadowforms和介词短语withknowledgeofthenewestcuttingedgetechnology都是作后置定语，分别修饰两个those。介词短语ofthis,theoldestformofmotionpicturemedia作后置定语，修饰arenaissance。8.Today,whentalkingaboutpreservingthetraditionofshadowpuppetry,weshouldpreservenotonlythepuppetsandpropsbutalsothetheatertextsandmusic.【Translation】今天，当谈到保护皮影戏的传统时，我