过去完成时及其被动语态（巩固培优）原卷版

专题15过去完成时及其被动语态

（原卷版）

积累运用

一、核心定义

过去完成时：表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”。其结构为44had+

过去分词”，否定式为"hadnot+过去分词（hadn't+过去分词）”，疑问式为“Had+主语+过去分词？”。

过去完成时的被动语态：表示在过去某个时间之前已经被完成的动作，结构为“hadbeen+过去分词”，否

定式为“hadnotbeen+过去分词”，疑问式为“Had+主语+been+过去分词？

二、常见时间标志词

类型具体标志例句

bytheendof+过去时间、before

Bytheendoflastyear,wehadfinishedthreeprojects.

连词类+过去时间/从句、until+过去

（到去年年底，我们已经完成了三个项目）

时间、when+过去时从句

already（已经）、yet（还）、neverShehadalreadyleftwhenIarrived.（我到的时候她已

副词类

（从未）、ever（曾经）经走了）

HetoldmehehadvisitedBeijingIwice.（他告诉我他

无明确标志词，需通过语境判断

上卜文暗不已经去过北京两次了——“拜访”发生在“告诉”

动作先后顺序

之前）

三、核心用法

1.强调动作先后：明确表示过去两个动作中，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。

例：Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewatchedTV.（她做完作业后才看电视）

2.用于宾语从句：当主句为一般过去时，从句描述的动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时。

例：Ididn'tknowtheyhadsignedthecontract.（我不知道他们已经签了合同）

3.被动语态用法：强调“过去的过去”动作被完成，主语是动作的承受者。

例：Thebridgehadbeenbuiltbefore1990.（这座桥在1990年之前就已经建成了）

【易错提醒】

误：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainleft.（未体现“火车离开在到达之前”）

正：WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.

误：Bythetimehewasten.helearned1000Englishwords.（"学习"发生在"十岁”之前,需用过去完

戌时）

正：Bythetimehewasten,hehadlearned10（K）Englishwords.

误：TheletterhadsentbeforeIcalledher.（被动关系,需用被动语态）

止：TheletterhadbeensentbeforeIcalledher.

培优训练

三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型

一、巩固提升练（基础小题）

（一）单项选择（每题1分，共15分）

I.（2023•新•课标I卷）Bythe（imewearrivedatthetheater,theplayfortenminutes.

A.hadbegunB.hasbegunC.hadbeenonD.hasbeenon

2.（2022•浙江卷）HesaidhethefilmtwicebeforeitwasshownonTV.

A.sawB.hadseenC.hasseenD.wouldsee

3.（2021•天津卷）Bytheendoflastmonth,theythebridgedesign.

A.completedB.havecompletedC.hadcompletedD.willcomplete

4.Themeetingwhenwegotthere,sowedidn'tattendit.

A.hadbeenheldB.washeldC.hasbeenheldD.isheld

5.（2020•全国卷III）Wctofinishthetaskbynoon,butwcfailedbecauseoftheheavyrain.

A.hadplannedB.plannedC.haveplannedD.plan

6.WhenIfoundtheoldphoto,Iitformorethan20years.

A.hadkeptB.keptC.havekeptD.keep

7.（2019•江苏卷）Theprojectbytheendof2022,v/hichbroughtgreatconveniencetothelocal

people.

A.wascompletedB.hadbeencompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.willbecompleted

B.ShetoldmethatshetoParistwice.

A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.wouldbe

9.（2018•浙江卷）Bythetimeherealizedhismistake,ittoolatetocorrectit.

A.hadbeenB.wasC.hasbeenD.is

10.Thcbooksbeforetheyweredeliveredtothelibrary.

A.hadbeencheckedB.werecheckedC.havebeencheckedD.arechecked

11.（2017•全国卷I）Theyfor（heflightfortwohourswhentheannouncementcame.

A.hadwaitedB.wailedC.havewaitedD.wail

12.1didn'tknowthattheletterbymybrotheralready.

A.hadbeensentB.wassentC.hasbeensentD.issent

13.(2024,全国卷)Bythetime(herescueteamarrived,the(rappedpeoplefornearly10hours.

A.hadbeentrappedB.weretrappedC.havebeentrappedD.aretrapped

14.Hcallhismoneybeforeheaskedhisparentsforhelp.

A.hadspentB.spentC.hasspentD.willspend

15.(2023•天津卷)Theoldbuildingforover1(X)yearsbeforeitwaspulleddown.

A.hadstoodB.stoodC.hasstoodD.stands

(二)用所给动词的适当形式填空(每题1分，共5分)

1.(2024•浙江卷)Bythetimewegottotheairport,theplane(take)off.

2.Thereport(finish)beforethemanagercameback.

3.(2023•全国卷)Shesaidshe(notsee)herfriendforfiveyears.

4.AHthetickets(sell)ouiwhenwcarrivedat(heticketoffice.

5.(2022•天津卷)Bytheendoflastyear,they(build)threenewschoolsintheruralarea.

2能力培优练

一、语法填空(每空1分，共3分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式。

Passage1

(2025年北京卷高考真题改编)Makingchoicesispartoflife.Bythetimeyoubrushedyourteeth,you

i.(make)severaldecisionsevenwithoutnoticing.Beforethat,you2.

(already/decide)whattowearandwhattohaveforbreakfast.Everysmallchoiceshapesyourdailylifeina

subtleway.

Passage2

(2024年全国甲卷高考真题改编)Theywerepartofa15-niem5erexploringparty.Beforetheyrecordedthe

naturalbeauties,they3(spend)almostfiveawesomeweeksintheremotearea.Nooneknewthatthey4

(overcome)somanydifficultieslikeextremeweatherandlackofsupplies.

Passage3

(2023年新课标II卷高考真题改编)Whentheresearcherinterviewedthelocalartists,shelearnedthat

they5.(preserve)thetraditionalcraftforover30years.Theartistsmentionedthattheirancestors

6.(passdown)theskillsfromgenerationtogenerationbeforetheystartedtoinnovate.

3创新题型练

一、过去完成时及其被动语态高考翻译题。

I.上周比赛举行前，我已经为它准备了两个月。

2.我之前已经参加过三次类似的匕赛，所以我不太紧张。

3.到上月底，我已经把演讲稿背得很熟，并且在老师的帮助下练习了很多次。

4.这次比蹇的奖品是由一家英语培训机构赞助的。

5.这段经历让我明白，成功属于那些付出足够努力的人。

二、阅读理解。

HABITATRESTORATIONTEAM

（2024•广东江苏•高考真题）HelprestoreandprotectMarin'snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinas

Ridge.Wellexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive（侵入的）plantremoval,winterplanting,and

seedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoringsensitiveresourcesand

protectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.

GROUPS

Groupsoffiveormorerequirespecialarrangementsandmustbeconfirmedinadvance.PleasereviewtheListof

AvailableProjectsandfillouttheGroupProjectRequestForm.

AGE,SKILLS,WHATTOBRING

Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.

BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavethe

parent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.

We'llbeworkingrainorshine.Wearclothesthatcangetdirty.Bringlayersforchangingweatheranda

raincoatifnecessary.

Bringapersonalwaterbottle,sunscreen,andlunch.

Noexperiencenecessary.Trainingandtoolswillbeprovided.Fulfills（；甫足）communityservicerequirements.

UPCOMINGEVENTS

TimeMeetingLocation

Sunday,Jan.1510:0（）am一1:00pmBatteryAlexanderTrailhead

Sunday,Jan.2210:（X）am—2:30pmStinsonBeachParkingLot

Sunday,Jan.299:30am—2:30pmCoyoteRidgeTrailhead

1.WhatistheaimoftheHabitatRestorationTeam?

A.Todiscovermineralresources.B.Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.

C.Toprotectthelocalecosystem.D.Toconductbiologicalresearch.

2.WhatistheloweragelimitfbrjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?

A.5.B.10.C.15.D.18.

3.Whatarcthevolunteersexpectedtodo?

A.Bringtheirowntools.B.Workeveninbadweather.

C.Wearateamuniform.D.Doatleastthreeprojects.

（2024•广东江苏•高考真题）"Iamnotcrazy,"saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperforming

acupuncture（针灸）onarabbit.amaheadofmytime/'Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseeven

someofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.

He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians（兽医）nowpracticing“holistic”

mcdicinc-conibiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic（按摩疗法jandherbal

medicine.

Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecame

interestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetried

muscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwas

amazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkon

hispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.

LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,

shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentscasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasable

tokeephimalivefbranadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewir.greportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmore

easilyandridesmorecomfbrtably^^afterachiropracticadjustment.

Farberiscertain（hattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwith（ime,andifthepastisany

indication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhas

grownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,“hesays."Iwilldoanythingtohelp

ananimal.That'smyjob.”

4.WhatdosomeofFarber'scoworkersthinkofhim?

A.He'sodd.B.He'sstrict.C.He'sbrave.D.He'srude.

5.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?

A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.

C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpctowners.

6.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians5work.

C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.

7.WhydocstheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?

A.ToproveFarber^point.B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.

C.Topraiseveterinarians.D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.

（2024•广东江苏•高考真题）Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitalto

submitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript（原稿）.8Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriter

whodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.

Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus（同义词词典）.Idon'ttrustmy

laptop'sspellchecker.9Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,

butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.Iusethe

ConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.

10Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwords

whosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhow（hewordispronounced.

Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoin

abookshopsaletorjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround

163.000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.11However,ifIneedtocheckthe

originofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.

ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryof

theEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."lbmakedictionariesisdull（乏味）work,"wroteJohnson,illustrating

onedefinitionof"dull”.12Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbea

rewardingexperience.

A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.

B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.

C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.

D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.

E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.

F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.

G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.

三、完形填空

（2024•广东江苏•高考真题）I'vebeenmotivated—anddemotivated—byotherfolks'achievementsallmy

life.

WhenIwasateenager,aneighborhoodfriend13amarathonrace.Feelingmotivated,Istarted

running14,butthentwothingshappened.First,agirlImetonedaytoldmeshewas15fbr

a“super,“referringtoa52.4-miledoublemarathon.Then,thenextdayIwentonmylongestrun—15miles.Tobe

honest,I16it!Betweenthegirlmakingmy17seemsmallandthepureboredomofjogging,

Idecidedthattheonly18I'deverrunagainisifabigdogwasrunningafterme!

SoI19cycling.Igotagoodbikeandrodealot.I20ofenteringcycleracesuntilI

flewtoSanDiegotovisitmysister.Whileshewasatworkoneday,I21herNkeandwentfbraride.

The22:t