主题14　跨文化沟通、包容与合作

4/4主题14跨文化沟通、包容与合作Ⅰ.阅读理解A（2026·合肥质检）Amongworldlanguages，Englishperhapsplacesthehighestvalueontheexpressionsofthanks，especiallyinformalandbusinesssettings.Soit’slogicalthatEnglishspeakerstendtoconflatetheexpressionofthankfulnesswiththefeelingofthankfulness.Ifsomebodydidn’tsay“thanks”，weoftenthinktheymustnothavebeenverygrateful.Andyet，inEnglish，“thankyou”getsusedsofrequentlythatitcaneasilystarttofeelhabitual.Butdowesayitasmuchaswethinkinourcasualinteractionswithfamilyandfriends？AnewresearchpapertitledUniversalsandculturaldiversityintheexpressionofgratitudesuggeststhatno，wedonot.Theresearchteambehindthepaperlookedforexpressionsofthankfulnessindailyinformalinteractionsacrosseightlanguages：English，Italian，Polish，Russian，Lao，Cha’palaa，Murrinhpatha，andSiwu.Thefindingssuggesttheuniversalwayinwhichthankfulnessisexpressedisnotthroughgivingthanks，butratherthroughparticipationinasocialagreementinwhichmutual（相互的）assistanceandworkingtogetherarethenorm.Infact，thepracticeofgivingthanksseemstohavelittleimpactonthepracticeofmutualexchanges.Thepracticeofgivingthanksalsovariesculturally.InIndia，forexample，people—especiallywhentheyareyourelders，relatives，orclosefriends—tendtofeelthatbythankingthem，you’reweakeningyourclosenesswiththemandcreatingaformalityanddistancethatshouldn’texist.Incontrast，inEngland，expressingthankfulnessthroughwordsisseenasapositivestrengtheningofrelationships，promotinggoodwillandconnections.NickEnfield，leadresearcherofthestudy，suggeststhatmostofthe6，000to7，000worldlanguagesdon’thaveawordfor“thankyou”.“Whenweconsiderthenegativeeffectsofthankingcloserelationsalongsidethefactthatmanylanguagesarespokeninverysmallcommunitieswherespeakersarelikelytoknoweachother，thatclaimstartstofeelquitereasonable.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conflate”inparagraph1mean？（）A.Compare. B.Replace.C.Figureout. D.Mixup.2.Howdopeopleexpressthankfulnessuniversallyaccordingtothestudy？（）A.Bysayingthanksdirectly. B.Bymakingsocialagreements.C.Byusingbodylanguage. D.Byhelpingandcooperating.3.HowdoIndiansviewthepracticeofgivingthankstorelatives？（）A.Itweakenstheirbond. B.Itreducestheirsocialdistance.C.Itenhancestheirconnection. D.Itpromotestheirmutualtrust.4.WhatdoesNickEnfieldimplyinthelastparagraph？（）A.Manyculturesdonotemphasizethankfulness.B.Thankfulnessmightnotbeexpressedinwords.C.Smallcommunitiesprefertothankclosefriends.D.Thenegativeeffectsofthankingshouldbeavoided.B（2026·重庆调研）Dragons，mythicalcreaturesofpowerandmagic，havecapturedtheimaginationofpeopleacrossculturesforcenturies.However，theperceptionandsymbolismofdragonsdiffersignificantlybetweenEasternandWesterncultures.IntheEast，particularlyinChina，thedragonisarespectablesymbolofpower，strength，andgoodluck.Itisoftenassociatedwiththeelementofwaterandisbelievedtohavetheabilitytocontrolrainandfloods.TheChinesedragonmostresemblesasnake，andhasfourclawsandnowings.Italsorepresentstheimperialpower，soancientChineseemperorsdecoratedtheirclotheswithdragonpatterns，whichwereknownasdragonrobes.ThedragonisoftenusedintraditionalartandfestivalsinChina，suchastheDragonBoatFestival.ManyChineseviewthedragonasanationalrepresentative，thusproudlyreferringtothemselvesas“GenerationsoftheDragon”.Incontrast，Westerndragoncultureportraysdragonsasfearsome，fire-breathingcreaturesthatspreadviolenceandterrorthroughouttheland.Theyaretypicallyshownwithlarge，bat-likewings，sharpclaws，andalongtail.Westerndragonsareknownforguardingvastpilesofgoldandjewelsandareoftendefeatedbyheroesinvariousstories.Theysymbolizechaosanddestruction，andtheirdefeatisseenasatriumphofgoodoverevil.Despitethesedifferences，dragonsinbothculturesareseenaspowerfulandwisebeings.Theyareasourceoffascinationandhaveinspiredcountlessstories，art，andevenmodern-daymoviesandgames.Thedragon’sabilitytoflyanditsconnectiontotheelementmakeitasymboloffreedomandtheabilitytoovercomeobstacles.Today，dragonscontinuetoevolve，exceedingtraditionalboundariesandfindingnewsignificanceinglobalculture.Theyarenolongerassociatedwithevilorgood，butratherascomplexcharacterswiththeirownuniquepersonalitiesandmotivations.5.WhatdoWesternandEasterndragonshaveincommon？（）A.Theyareintelligentandpowerful. B.Theyareintheshapeofsnakes.C.Theyhaveroughskinandtails. D.Theyhavebigclawsandwings.6.WhydoChinesecallthemselves“GenerationsoftheDragon”？（）A.TheycanseedragonseverywhereinChina. B.TheyregardthedragonasasymbolofChina.C.DragonsareconsideredasmythicalcreaturesinChina. D.Chineseemperors’clothesweredecoratedwithdragons.7.Whatrolesdodragonsplayinmodernglobalculture？（）A.Theysymbolizebothgoodandevil. B.Theyarestillassociatedwithdisasters.C.Theyrepresentfreedomanddestruction. D.Theyareseenascomprehensivecharacters.8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext？（）A.TocompareEasternandWesterndragons. B.Toshowtheevolutionofdragonsinliterature.C.TohighlightculturaldifferencesbetweenEasternandWesterndragons. D.Toarguefortheimportanceofdragonsinmodernsociety.Ⅱ.完形填空（2026·石家庄质检）Howdowemeasurewhatmakesagoodconversation？Isitbyhowmanytimeswelaugh？Orisit9byhowwefeelafterwards—howdeeplythewordshave10us？ThereisoneconversationIcan11almostwordforwordinmyhead.Thesewordshaveeven12thecourseofmylife.In2016，IwalkedintoasmallvalleyinJordan.AyoungboycalledFaisalsawmekickingafootballwithsomekidsand13me.“Isawyouplayingfootball，”hetoldme.“Youwereverygood.”“Thanks，”Ireplied，“butyou’rebeingtoo14.Iamnotgoodatit.”“Ohyes，”hesaid.“Yourskillsare15.Butitwasgoodofyoutoplaywiththeboys.”Hetoldmeabouthistwojobs—onelookingaftersheepinthehills，andonelookingaftertourists.Thesheepwereeasier，hesaid.Later，ashe16howtheworldwas，hetoldmethesaying：“Givewithoutremembering；takewithout17.”Faisal’sbackgroundwasquitedifferentfrommine.Andyetheheldthis18philosophy，andthemoreItravel，themoreIseethattheworldis19agoodplace.Thereismorethatconnectsusthandividesus—ofthat，I’mcertain.ThefactthatIwillagainhavethe20tobepartoftheseremarkableconversations—eachofwhichwillbeunique，andmayevenleavea21inmylife—isstilloneofthemostexciting22oftravelforme.Forthatpossibility，I’mforever23.9.（）A.surrounded B.replaced C.accompanied D.defined10.（）A.affected B.annoyed C.concerned D.surprised11.（）A.polish B.replay C.interpret D.rewrite12.（）A.restricted B.dominated C.changed D.delayed13.（）A.approached B.challenged C.assisted D.consulted14.（）A.humorous B.generous C.anxious D.curious15.（）A.terrible B.unique C.practical D.diverse16.（）A.complainedabout B.lookedinto C.reflectedon D.benefitedfrom17.（）A.thinking B.noticing C.announcing D.forgetting18.（）A.complex B.adjustable C.flexible D.admirable19.（）A.rarely B.probably C.mostly D.merely20.（）A.patience B.courage C.right D.chance21.（）A.mark B.pity C.label D.warning22.（）A.breakthroughs B.prospects C.adventures D.memories23.（）A.qualified B.suitable C.grateful D.responsibleⅢ.语法填空（2026·陕西适应性检测）LiondanceroarswithsharedvaluesThepowerfulpeople-to-peoplebondsbetweenChinaandMalaysiatakemanyexpressionsconsideringtherangeofsharedtraditionaland24.（culture）valuesbetweenthetwonations.TheMalaypeoplehavetakengreatinterestintheliondance，atradition25.emergedoverathousandyearsagoinChinaandhasmanyadmirersinmodernMalaysia.Amongthem26.（be）AdzwinPuteriFaizal，apetiteyoungwoman，whoispartofthelocallyrenownedYongJunLionDanceAssociation.“Inearliergenerations，itwasdifficultforpeoplefromotherethnicgroupsandw