主题26　自然环境与自然遗产保护

5/5主题26自然环境与自然遗产保护Ⅰ.阅读理解A（2026·青岛适应性检测）Bacteria（细菌）knowhowtoroughitallovertheearth.Askmostofthemwherethey’dtrulyprefertosettlethough，andakitchensponge（海绵）wouldprobablytopthelist.Yes，itturnsoutthattheverytoolweusetocleanourplates，whichiswarm，damp，andfullofnutritiousfoodpieces，ispackedwithtinylife.LingchongYou，abiologistatDukeUniversity，alongwithhisteam，usedcomputerstomodelthecomplexenvironmentofaspongefora2022study.Hefoundthatspongesfeaturingpocketsofvaryingsizesaresomethingthatreallymattersforpromotingbacterialgrowth.Thisholdssignificanceascertainbacteriatendtogrowindependentlywhileothersdemandthecompanionshipofothers.Withinaspongefilledwithholesandpockets，thereexistsuchanabundanceofdiversestructuresthateveryoneattainsastateofsatisfaction.Nevertheless，itdoesnotnecessarilyfollowthatthesetoolspresentahealthrisktousaswell.Bacteriaexisteverywhereandnotallareharmful；infact，manyperformvitaljobs.Theimportantquestionis，therefore，arethebacteriafoundinspongesevenworthworryingabout？In2017，JenniferQuinlan，aprofessoroffoodsafety，andhercolleagues，collectedkitchenspongesfrom100homes，findingonly1－2％ofthosespongescontainedbacterialinkedtofoodpoisoninginhumansandthattheonesthatdidcontainedonlysmallamountsofharmfulbacteria.“Thevastmajorityofbacteriaonspongesdonotcauseillness，andthey’rejustgoingtomakethemsmelly，”saysQuinlan.“Havingsaidthat，thereisapossibilitythatifyouuseaspongetowipeuprawmeat，youcouldhavesomeofthosedisease-causingbacteriaonthere，andstudieshavefoundthatthosebacteriacanbeseparatedfromkitchensponges.”Thisisnotthewholestoryyet.Ifdangerousbacteriahappentoarriveonthescene，thesponge’sspecialmake-upmakesitanidealplaceforthemtogrowandmultiply.Andthere’sevidencethisisthecase.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph？（）A.Spongesareperfecttoolsinthekitchen. B.Bacteriaprefertoliveindryenvironment.C.Kitchenspongesaregoodhomeforbacteria. D.Bacteriaaffectkitchensponges’performance.2.WhatdidLingchongYoufindinhisstudy？（）A.Howspongesareexactlystructured. B.Whatencouragesbacterialgrowth.C.Howbacteriareacttotheenvironment. D.Whybacteriakeepcompanywitheachother.3.WhatdoesQuinlanthinkofbacteriaonsponges？（）A.Relativelyharmless. B.Poorlyadaptive.C.Surprisinglyunpleasant. D.Widelydistributed.4.Whatwillbeprobablydiscussedinthefollowingparagraph？（）A.Proofsofbacterialthreat. B.Theclassificationofbacteria.C.Methodstocontrolbacterialgrowth. D.Researchintoapplicationsofbacteria.B（2026·长沙适应性考试）DecadesofincreasingcornandsoyabeanproductionhaveturnedBrazilintoanagriculturalpowerhouse，whichalsoledtothedestructionoftheAmazonrainforest.Thathaslongputfarmersandenvironmentalistsindisagreement.ButastudyreleasedinOctoberbytheUniversidadeFederaldeMinasGerais（UFMG）andRainforestFoundationNorway（RFN）showstheextenttowhichdeforestationishurtingfarmerstoo.Thereportshowsthatthepracticeofclear-cuttingintheBrazilianAmazonledtoreducedcropproduction，resultingintotaleconomiclossesofabout$1billionbetween2006and2019.Thenetrevenues（收入）forsoyabeansdroppedby10％overthattime，whilecornrevenuesdroppedby20％.AndersKrogh，aspecialistforestadviseratRFN，saysthesefindingsdemonstratethedangerdeforestationposestoglobalfoodsecurity.Whenancientforestsbecomerollingplains，adelicatebalanceofwatercycleisdisturbed.Astreesbreathe，theyturnwaterintovapour（水蒸气），whichgoesontoformlarge，thickrainclouds，andhasacoolingeffectontheregion.Thisrecyclingprocessalsoinfluencesatmosphericcirculation（循环），whichplaysakeyroleintemperatureregulationintheAmazonbasin.Theeffectsaretheseverestinthemostdeforestedregions.Lessrainandhotterdaysmeansmallerharvestsandsmallerrevenues.PreventingfurtherdeforestationinBrazil’ssouthernAmazoncouldslowthetrend.Plus，reforestingcouldevenchangerainfalltrends：thereportconcludesthatiftheBrazilianstateofParáweretoreforest55，000km2offarmingland，theraincouldcomeonaveragefivedaysearlier，andupto19insomeareas.Fornow，though，thatseemslikeatallorder.AgriculturalfirmsinBraziltendtotreatsuchreportsandtheresearcherswhoproducethemwithdoubt.Theterm“agri-phobic（农业恐惧）”isoftenusedtodescribescientistswhocriticizethecountry’sfarmingpractices.Atthegrassrootslevel，despitetheincreasingcostsofadaptingtodrierconditions，Brazilianfarmersdoubttheclaimsthatlowerproductionresultsfromclimatechangeordeforestation.BritaldoSoares-Filho，aresearcheratUFMGandthereport’sleadauthor，hopesthatconcentratingonthefinancialeffectofdeforestation，ratherthanabstractmodelling，canchangefarmers’minds.Sustainablefarmingpractices，heurges，areintheeconomicinterestsofagribusiness.5.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2？（）A.Bylistingstatistics. B.Bycitingasaying.C.Bymakinganassumption. D.Byintroducingaconcept.6.Whichisclosetotheunderlinedidiom“atallorder”inmeaninginparagraph4？（）A.Ahardnut. B.Abigfish.C.Ahelpinghand. D.Ared-letterday.7.WhatdoesBritaldoSoares-Filhomean？（）A.Loggingcontributestofinancialincrease. B.Abstractmodellingmakesabigdifference.C.Clear-cuttingputsglobalfoodsecurityingreatdanger. D.Farmersshouldfocusonthefinancialimpactofdeforestation.8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？（）A.Deforestation：ItBoostsRevenues？ B.WaterCycle：ItDisturbsAgriculture？C.ClimateChange：ItWorsensRainforest？ D.Reforesting：ItRelievesGlobalWarming？Ⅱ.完形填空（2026·南京、盐城模拟）Onafallday，mywifeandIwentboatingontheBlackfootRiver.Iwasexcitedaboutthetripbecauseitwouldallowmetoforgetmy9.Atnoon，werestedonabank.10thescenery，webarelyrealizedtheapproachingdanger.Thenthreelarge11emergedfromtheforest：ahugemamabearwithtwobabies.Theywerelessthan100feetawayacrosstheriver，farcloserthantherecommended12distance.Icouldfeel13reacheddeepintomystomach.Timestoodstill.Then，Igrabbedthebearspray（喷雾）andwewalkeddownriverto14ourselves.“Hey，bears！”Isaid.“Wearenothereto15you.”Atthatmoment，Ithoughtthemamabearwould16acrosstheriver，coveringthe100feetinseconds.AlthoughIknewhowtousethespray，Ididn’tthinkIcoulduseit17.Tooursurprise，themamabear18drankwaterfromtheriver.Whenonebabywanderedjustafewstepsaway，shequickly19him.Justliketheir20appearance，theyweregone，disappearingintotheforest.Wereturnedtoourboat，lostin21.Thisencounter22me，makingmydailyconcernsinsignificantinthelargercontextofourplanet.Theexperience，thefear，andmy23asahumanhavechangedmyperspectiveontheworldforever.9.（）A.concerns B.principles C.passions D.secrets10.（）A.Tiredof B.Absorbedin C.Lookinginto D.Reflectingon11.（）A.signs B.pictures C.targets D.shapes12.（）A.social B.safe C.average D.constant13.（）A.fear B.surprise C.excitement D.courage14.（）A.relax B.corner C.dismiss D.distance15.（）A.bathe B.tease C.bother D.pet16.（）A.sail B.float C.charge D.wander17.（）A.inadvance B.atrandom C.atpeace D.intime18.（）A.probably B.simply C.naturally D.certainly19.（）A.rescued B.abandoned C.fetched D.examined20.（）A.timely B.inappropriate C.unexpected D.regular21.（）A.awe B.shock C.regret D.calmness22.（）A.astonished B.humbled C.refreshed D.fueled23.（）A.limitations B.responsibilities C.advantages D.virtuesⅢ.语法填空（2026·武汉调研考试）Theoasis（绿洲）valleyseemsstrangelyatoddswiththecommonimpressionofSaudiArabia.Makenomistake，thedesertishere，butso24.（be）breathtakinggreenlandscapes.Eventhearea’sspellingisunusual—AlUla.AlUla’s25.（unique）notonlyliesinitsnaturalscenerybutinitsculturalandhistoricheritage.InAlUla，besidestheancientcityofDadan，touristscanvisittheHegraarchaeologicalsite，whichisbothSaudiArabia’sfirstUNESCOWorldHeritageSite26.hometoastonishingNabataeanrock-cuttombswithdelicatedecorationsandcarvings.27.