2025-2026年山东省八年级英语上册第5单元语法练习题

2025-2026年山东省八年级英语上册第5单元语法练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.ThenewEnglishteacheroftenasksus______Englishstoriesinclasstoimproveourspeakingskills.A.toreadB.readC.readingD.toberead【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。动词ask后常跟不定式作宾语补足语，表示请求或建议，此处意为“经常要求我们读英语故事”，故选A。B项为动词原形，不符合语法；C项为动名词，不符合ask的用法；D项为被动不定式，不符合语境。2.Mysister______tothesupermarketthismorning,butshedidn’tbuyanything.A.goesB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgone【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时。根据时间状语thismorning（今天早上）和后半句的butshedidn’tbuyanything（但她什么都没买）可知，动作发生在过去且已结束，故用一般过去时，选B。A项为一般现在时，不符合语境；C项为现在完成时，表示动作对现在有影响；D项为过去完成时，表示过去之前已完成的动作，均不符合。3.Ifyou______morecarefully,youwouldn’thavemadesuchamistakeinthemathtest.A.workB.workedC.willworkD.hadworked【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用wouldhavedone表示对过去情况的假设，从句用一般过去时，故选B。A项为一般现在时，不符合虚拟语气；C项为一般将来时，不符合；D项为过去完成时，不符合从句时态要求。4.______isthecapitalofFrance?A.WhatcityB.WhichcityC.WherecityD.Howcity【答案】B【解析】考查特殊疑问句。询问地点时，疑问词用where，但需与名词搭配，故选B。A项缺少介词；C项where后不能直接跟名词；D项how不用于询问地点。5.Theboy______livesnextdoorisagoodfriendofmine.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。先行词boy指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选A。B项whom在从句中作宾语；C项that可指人或物，但此处需指人且作主语；D项whose作定语，表示“……的”，不符合。6.Myparents______metostudyEnglisheveryday,butIdon’tlikeitverymuch.A.makeB.letC.tellD.force【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。tellsb.todosth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，符合语境，故选C。A项makesb.dosth.意为“强迫某人做某事”；B项letsb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”；D项forcesb.todosth.意为“强迫某人做某事”，语气较重，不符合。7.Ifit______tomorrow,wewillgotothepark.A.won’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’tberainingD.isn’training【答案】B【解析】考查一般将来时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，故选B。A项和C项为否定形式，但时态错误；D项为现在进行时，不符合。8.Theteacheraskedus______wehadfinishedourhomework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。asksb.whether/if...意为“询问某人是否……”，从句用陈述语序，故选C。B项that引导宾语从句时，主句谓语动词需为know,think,believe等；D项what引导宾语从句时，需在从句中作主语或宾语，不符合。9.Mybrotherisgoodatplayingthepiano,______heisn’tverygoodatmath.A.butB.andC.orD.so【答案】A【解析】考查并列连词。but表示转折，意为“但是”；and表示并列，意为“和”；or表示选择，意为“或者”；so表示因果，意为“所以”。根据句意“他很擅长弹钢琴，但是数学不太擅长”，故选A。10.Thestudentsarebusy______forthefinalexam.A.toprepareB.prepareC.preparingD.prepared【答案】C【解析】考查动名词作宾语。bebusydoingsth.意为“忙于做某事”，故选C。A项为不定式；B项为动词原形；D项为过去分词，不符合。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Ifyou______(notstudy)hard,youwillfailtheexam.【答案】don’tstudy【解析】考查一般现在时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，故填don’tstudy。2.Thegirl______(live)inthistownsince2010.【答案】haslived【解析】考查现在完成时。since表示动作从过去开始持续到现在，用现在完成时，故填haslived。3.Pleasetellmetheanswer______(be)correct.【答案】is【解析】考查主谓一致。answer为单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。4.Myfatheraskedme______(go)tothelibrarywithhim.【答案】togo【解析】考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.意为“要求某人做某事”，故填togo。5.Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,wewillstayathome.【答案】rains【解析】考查一般将来时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，故填rains。6.Theboy______(play)basketballeveryafternoonafterschool.【答案】plays【解析】考查一般现在时。everyafternoon表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，故填plays。7.Sheisinterested______(swim)intheriver.【答案】inswimming【解析】考查介词+动名词。beinterestedindoingsth.意为“对做某事感兴趣”，故填inswimming。8.Mymotheraskedme______(noteat)toomuchjunkfood.【答案】nottoeat【解析】考查动词不定式的否定形式。asksb.nottodosth.意为“要求某人不要做某事”，故填nottoeat。9.Thestudentsarebusy______(review)theirlessonsbeforethetest.【答案】reviewing【解析】考查动名词作宾语。bebusydoingsth.意为“忙于做某事”，故填reviewing。10.IfI______(have)enoughmoney,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld.【答案】have【解析】考查一般将来时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，故填have。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Theteachertoldthestudentstofinishtheirhomeworkbeforegoingtobed.(正确)【解析】考查动词不定式的用法。tellsb.todosth.意为“告诉某人做某事”，符合语境。2.Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothebeach.(正确)【解析】考查一般将来时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，符合语法。3.Thegirlwholivesnextdoorismybestfriend.(正确)【解析】考查定语从句。who引导定语从句，修饰girl，作主语，符合语法。4.Mybrotherisgoodatplayingthepianoandmath.(错误)【解析】and连接两个并列成分时，若主语为单数，谓语动词需用单数形式，此处应改为“andmathematics”。5.Thestudentsarebusytopreparefortheexam.(错误)【解析】bebusydoingsth.意为“忙于做某事”，不能直接跟动词原形，应改为“busypreparing”。6.IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyharder.(正确)【解析】考查虚拟语气。were用于第一、三人称单数，表示对现在情况的假设，符合语法。7.Theboywholivesnextdoorisagoodfriendofmine.(正确)【解析】who引导定语从句，修饰boy，作主语，符合语法。8.Pleasetellmetheansweriscorrect.(错误)【解析】answer为单数名词，谓语动词需用单数形式，应改为“Theansweriscorrect.”9.Thegirlwholivesnextdoorismybestfriend.(正确)【解析】who引导定语从句，修饰girl，作主语，符合语法。10.Thestudentsarebusypreparingfortheexam.(正确)【解析】bebusydoingsth.意为“忙于做某事”，符合语法。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.HowoftendoyoureadEnglishstoriesinclass?【参考答案】IreadEnglishstoriesonceaweekinclass.【解析】考查频率副词。onceaweek意为“每周一次”，符合语境。2.Whatdoesyoursisterdoeverymorning?【参考答案】Mysistergoestothegymeverymorning.【解析】考查一般现在时。everymorning表示经常性动作，用一般现在时，符合语境。3.Ifitrainstomorrow,whatwillyoudo?【参考答案】Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathomeandwatchamovie.【解析】考查一般将来时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，符合语法。4.Whoisyourfavoriteteacher?Why?【参考答案】MyfavoriteteacherisMr.Leebecauseheisverypatient.【解析】考查形容词作原因状语。patient意为“耐心的”，符合语境。5.Whatareyougoingtodoaftertheexam?【参考答案】Iamgoingtotravelwithmyfamilyaftertheexam.【解析】考查begoingto结构。begoingto表示计划或意图，符合语境。6.Howdoyouusuallyspendyourweekends?【参考答案】Iusuallyspendmyweekendsstudyingandwatchingmovies.【解析】考查动词短语。spendtimedoingsth.意为“花时间做某事”，符合语境。7.WhatdoyouthinkofEnglishlearning?【参考答案】IthinkEnglishlearningisveryimportantforourfuture.【解析】考查形容词作表语。important意为“重要的”，符合语境。8.Ifyouhaveenoughmoney,whatwillyoudo?【参考答案】IfIhaveenoughmoney,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld.【解析】考查一般将来时的虚拟语气。If引导的非真实条件句中，主句用willdo，从句用一般现在时，符合语法。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Supposeyouareastudent.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)todescribeyourdailyroutine.【参考答案】Iusuallywakeupat6:00a.m.andgotoschoolat7:00a.m.Afterschool,Idohomeworkandplaybasketball.Igotobedat10:00p.m.everyday.【解析】考查一般现在时和日常活动描述。符合语境且时态正确。2.Imagineyouareateacher.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)toencourageyourstudentstostudyharder.【参考答案】Dearstudents,Iknowyouarebusy,butstudyinghardisveryimportant.Ifyouworkharder,youwillachieveyourgoals.Believeinyourselfandkeepgoing!【解析】考查鼓励性语言和虚拟语气。符合语境且用词恰当。3.Supposeyouareplanningatripwithyourfriends.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)todescribeyourplan.【参考答案】Iamplanningatriptothebeachwithmyfriendsnextmonth.Wewillstayatahotelandswiminthesea.Itwillbeagreattrip!【解析】考查begoingto结构和旅行计划。符合语境且时态正确。4.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)todescribeyourfavoritehobby.【参考答案】Myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooks.IreadEnglishnovelseveryweekend.Readinghelpsmerelaxandlearnnewthings.【解析】考查一般现在时和爱好描述。符合语境且用词恰当。5.Supposeyouareastudent.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)toaskyourteacherforhelp.【参考答案】Dearteacher,Ihaveaproblemwithmymathhomework.Couldyoupleasehelpme?Iwillstudyharderfromnowon.Thankyou!【解析】考查请求性语言和一般现在时。符合语境且表达礼貌。6.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)todescribeyourdreamjob.【参考答案】MydreamjobistobeanEnglishteacher.Iloveteachingandhelpingstudents.IfIbecomeateacher,Iwillmakemystudentshappy.【解析】考查一般现在时和职业描述。符合语境且用词恰当。7.Supposeyouareplanningabirthdaypartyforyourfriend.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)todescribeyourplan.【参考答案】IamplanningabirthdaypartyformyfriendnextSaturday.Wewillhaveacake,playgames,andlistentomusic.Itwillbeafunparty!【解析】考查begoingto结构和活动计划。符合语境且时态正确。8.Writeashortparagraph(about50words)todescribeyourfavoriteseason.【参考答案】Myfavoriteseasonissummer.Ilikeswimmingandplayingbeachvolleyball.Theweatherishot,butIenjoyit.【解析】考查一般现在时和季节描述。符合语境且用词恰当。【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.B3.B4.B5.A6.C7.B8.C9.A10.C二、填空题1.don’tstudy2.haslived3.is4.togo5.rains6.plays7.inswimming8.nottoeat9.reviewing10.have三、判断题1.√2.√3.√4.×5.×6.√7.√8.×9.√10.√四、简答题1.IreadEnglishstoriesonceaweekinclass.2.Mysistergoestothegymeverymorning.3.Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillstayathomeandwatchamovie.4.MyfavoriteteacherisMr.Leebecauseheisverypatient.5.Iamgoingtotravelwithmyfamilyaftertheexam.6.Iusuallyspendmyweekendsstudyingandwatchingmovies.7.IthinkEnglishlearningisveryimportantforourfuture.8.IfIhaveenoughmoney,Iwilltravelaroundtheworld.五、应用题1.Iusuallywakeupat6:00a.m.andgotoschoolat7:00a.m.Afterschoo