Unit 1 Great People Cross-curricular 课件沪教版九年级英语上册

Unit1Greatpeople

主题范畴：人与社会主题群：历史、社会与文化子主题：对世界、国家、人民和社会进步有突出贡献的人物KeyquestionHowdidgreatpeoplecontributetooursociety?了解英国科学家亚历山大·弗莱明发现盘尼西林（青霉素）的故事。

了解简单的医学常识和现代医学的重大突破。学会制作介绍伟大人物的演示幻灯片。Learningobjectives学习目标Afterlearning,Iwillbeableto:Lead-in青霉素知识，你知道多少？分子式：C16H18N2O4S背景链接亚历山大·弗莱明是1881年出生于苏格兰的英国细菌学家。1928年，弗莱明在伦敦圣玛丽医院研究致病性金黄色葡萄球菌时，因夏季外出度假忘记整理实验台，一个未加盖的细菌培养皿意外被空气中的青霉菌孢子污染。当他度假结束返回实验室准备清理废弃培养皿时，敏锐观察到青霉菌菌落周围的葡萄球菌全部消失，形成一圈清晰的抑菌区，这一异常现象立刻引起了他的注意。弗莱明随即分离出这种青霉菌，证实它会分泌一种能杀死多种致病细菌的物质，并将其命名为青霉素，1929年他正式发表相关研究论文。不过受限于当时的提纯技术，弗莱明始终无法得到可供临床使用的纯净青霉素，这一发现沉寂了十余年。直到1939年，弗洛里与钱恩重新发掘了弗莱明的研究，成功攻克提纯难题，让青霉素实现量产并应用于临床。青霉素的发现改变了人类对抗传染病的历史。1945年，弗莱明与两位后续研究者共同获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。青霉素作为人类首款抗生素，结束了多数细菌性传染病无药可医的时代，至今已经拯救了数亿人的生命。|Medicalscience*Anaccidentisnotalwaysabadthing.Sometimes,itmaycontributetoagreatdiscovery.P16While-learningpenicillin/ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn/n.

青霉素ReadthearticleandfindouthowAlexanderFlemingdiscoveredpenicillin.Penicillin:anaccidentaldiscoverythatchangedtheworldManypeopleconsiderthediscoveryofpenicillintobeamajorturningpointinthehistoryoftheworld.Beforepenicillin,asimplecutorinsectbitecouldleadtoseriousinfectionandevendeath.Similarly,diseasescausedbybacteriawerelikelytokillpatientswithinweeksorevendays.Doctorstriedtheirbest,buttheirtreatmentsoftenfailedandmanypatientsdied./bækˈtɪəriə/n.

细菌Itishardtobelievethatthisworld-changingdiscoveryhappenedbyaccident!In1928,ascientistinLondoncalledAlexanderFlemingcamebackfromholidaytofindhislaboratoryinabitofamess.Henoticedtherewasmouldgrowinginsomeofthelaboratorydishesleftlyingaround.Ashesortedthroughthem,henoticedsomethingextraordinary.Therewerenobacteriainareasaroundthemould.Flemingfoundthatasubstanceinthemouldwaskillingthebacteria.Hecalledit“penicillin”andwasexcitedaboutusingittofightinfectionsinhumans.Sadly,Flemingdidnothavethemoneyorequipmenttodevelophisresearchfurther./məʊld/n.

霉；霉菌Itwasonlyinthe1940sthatscientistsintheUnitedStateswereabletoproducepenicillininlargequantities.Otherantibioticswerealsodevelopedduringthisperiod.Sincethen,antibioticshavebeenwidelyusedtotreatinfections.However,inrecentyears,somepeoplehavebecomeinfectedbybacteriathatareabletosurviveantibiotictreatments.Becauseofthese"superbugs",ithasbecomeclearthatwecannotrelycompletelyonantibioticsinthefuture.Scientistsarethereforeworkinghardtofindnewwaystofightinfections.Task1ReadPara.1andsummarizethemainideaofit.Manypeopleconsiderthediscoveryofpenicillintobeamajorturningpointinthehistoryoftheworld.Beforepenicillin,asimplecutorinsectbitecouldleadtoseriousinfectionandevendeath.Similarly,diseasescausedbybacteriawerelikelytokillpatientswithinweeksorevendays.Doctorstriedtheirbest,buttheirtreatmentsoftenfailedandmanypatientsdied.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasconsideredtobeamajorturningpointinworldhistoryasitchangedthesituationthatsimpleinfectionsorbacterialdiseasesusedtokillmanypeople.PayattentiontothekeyexpressionsinPara.1.Manypeopleconsiderthediscoveryofpenicillintobeamajorturningpointinthehistoryoftheworld.Beforepenicillin,asimplecutorinsectbitecouldleadtoseriousinfectionandevendeath.Similarly,diseasescausedbybacteriawerelikelytokillpatientswithinweeksorevendays.Doctorstriedtheirbest,buttheirtreatmentsoftenfailedandmanypatientsdied.转折点很可能导致尽他们最大努力Task2ReadPara.2andsummarizethemainideaofit.Itishardtobelievethatthisworld-changingdiscoveryhappenedbyaccident!In1928,ascientistinLondoncalledAlexanderFlemingcamebackfromholidaytofindhislaboratoryinabitofamess.Henoticedtherewasmouldgrowinginsomeofthelaboratorydishesleftlyingaround.Ashesortedthroughthem,henoticedsomethingextraordinary.Therewerenobacteriainareasaroundthemould.Flemingfoundthatasubstanceinthemouldwaskillingthebacteria.Hecalledit“penicillin”andwasexcitedaboutusingittofightinfectionsinhumans.Sadly,Flemingdidnothavethemoneyorequipmenttodevelophisresearchfurther.AlexanderFlemingaccidentallyfoundpenicillinbychancein1928,buthecouldn'tdevelopitfurtherforlackoffundsandequipment.Itishardtobelievethatthisworld-changingdiscoveryhappenedbyaccident!In1928,ascientistinLondoncalledAlexanderFlemingcamebackfromholidaytofindhislaboratoryinabitofamess.Henoticedtherewasmouldgrowinginsomeofthelaboratorydishesleftlyingaround.Ashesortedthroughthem,henoticedsomethingextraordinary.Therewerenobacteriainareasaroundthemould.Flemingfoundthatasubstanceinthemouldwaskillingthebacteria.Hecalledit“penicillin”andwasexcitedaboutusingittofightinfectionsinhumans.Sadly,Flemingdidnothavethemoneyorequipmenttodevelophisresearchfurther.PayattentiontothekeyexpressionsinPara.2.偶然整理；筛选有点乱霉菌中的物质进一步发展他的研究Task3ReadPara.3andsummarizethemainideaofit.Itwasonlyinthe1940sthatscientistsintheUnitedStateswereabletoproducepenicillininlargequantities.Otherantibioticswerealsodevelopedduringthisperiod.Sincethen,antibioticshavebeenwidelyusedtotreatinfections.However,inrecentyears,somepeoplehavebecomeinfectedbybacteriathatareabletosurviveantibiotictreatments.Becauseofthese"superbugs",ithasbecomeclearthatwecannotrelycompletelyonantibioticsinthefuture.Scientistsarethereforeworkinghardtofindnewwaystofightinfections.Penicillinwasmass-producedinthe1940sandsincethenantibioticsgotwidelyused,butinrecentyearspeoplehavebecomeinfectedbybacteriathatareabletosurviveantibiotictreatments,soscientistsarenowseekingnewinfectiontreatments.PayattentiontothekeyexpressionsinPara.3.Itwasonlyinthe1940sthatscientistsintheUnitedStateswereabletoproducepenicillininlargequantities.Otherantibioticswerealsodevelopedduringthisperiod.Sincethen,antibioticshavebeenwidelyusedtotreatinfections.However,inrecentyears,somepeoplehavebecomeinfectedbybacteriathatareabletosurviveantibiotictreatments.Becauseofthese"superbugs",ithasbecomeclearthatwecannotrelycompletelyonantibioticsinthefuture.Scientistsarethereforeworkinghardtofindnewwaystofightinfections.大量被……感染完全依赖Findmoreinformationaboutthedevelopmentofantibioticsandshareyourfindingswithyourclassmates.in1928AlexanderFlemingaccidentallydiscoveredthefirstantibiotic,penicillin,inLondon.inthe1930sSulphonamides(磺胺),thefirstsyntheticbroad-spectrum(合成广谱)antibiotics,wereinventedandwidelyused.inthe1940sPenicillinwassuccessfullymass-producedandwidelyappliedtotreatinfections.inthe1940s–1960sThisperiodwasthe"GoldenAgeofAntibiotics",withstreptomycin(链霉素),tetracycline(四环素),erythromycin(红霉素)andmanyotherantibioticsdiscoveredoneafteranother.inrecentdecadesAntibioticresistance("superbugs")appeared,soscientistsarenowworkinghardtofindnewwaystofightinfections.续表：Chooseagreatpersonyouadmiremost.Thinkaboutwhatmakeshim/heragreatperson.Workingroupsandmakeapresentationabouthim/her.MakingapresentationaboutagreatpersonP17Step

1

Findinformationaboutthispersononlineorin thelibrary.第一步：在网上或图书馆里找到关于这个人的信息。TuYouyou.Step2

Prepareyourpresentationslides.Makes