主题29　自然科学研究成果与发现

主题29自然科学研究成果与发现主题概述本主题探讨自然科学领域的重要研究、重大发现及其发展历程，旨在帮助学生了解科学探索的过程，学习科学家的创新精神和严谨态度，培养学生的科学素养和探究能力，引导学生树立崇尚科学、勇于探索的科学观念对接教材人教版选择性必修第一册UNIT

5

WORKING

THE

LAND；

选择性必修第四册UNIT

3

SEA

EXPLORATION外研版选择性必修第一册UNIT

5

Revealing

nature；

选择性必修第三册UNIT

5

Learningfrom

nature译林版选择性必修第三册UNIT

1

Wish

you

were

here目录CONTENTS主题语基构建主题语基通关主题要点突破主题写作提能主题对接高考主题能力跃升主题语基构建子话题1发现、理论与影响1.

discover

v.发现discovery

n.发现；被发现的事物2.

spot

v.看见；看出；注意到n.斑点；污迹；污渍3.

conclude

v.得出结论；结束conclusion

n.结论；结尾

主题单词4.

evidence

n.证据；证明5.

prove

v.原来是；证实；证明proof

n.证据；证明6.

define

v.阐明；限定；给……下定义；描出……的界线definition

n.定义；清晰度7.

definitely

adj.确定无疑的；明确的8.

cite

v.引用；援引；提及n.引文；引语9.

revolution

n.革命；巨变revolutionary

adj.革命性的；创新的10.

groundbreaking

adj.开创性的；突破性的11.

addition

n.增加物，添加物additional

adj.附加的，额外的additionally

adv.此外子话题2科学领域与核心概念1.

scientific

adj.科学的2.

astronomy

n.天文学astronomer

n.天文学家3.

biology

n.生物学biologist

n.生物学家4.

genetics

n.遗传学5.

gene

n.基因6.

chemistry

n.化学chemist

n.化学家chemical

adj.化学的；化学反应的n.化学品；化合物7.

physics

n.物理学physicist

n.物理学家physician

n.医师；（尤指）内科医生8.

cell

n.细胞；小隔间；电池9.

organism

n.生物体；有机体10.

universe

n.宇宙；世界universal

adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的universally

adv.普遍地；到处11.

gravity

n.重力；引力12.

relativity

n.相对论；相关性子话题3实验室、工具与技术1.

process

v.处理n.过程2.

function

v.运行n.功能；函数functional

adj.功能的；有多种用途的；机能性3.

mechanism

n.机制；机理；机械装置4.

theory

n.理论；学说5.

principle

n.原理；原则6.

model

n.模型；模式；榜样7.

calculate

v.计算calculation

n.计算；估计8.

measure

v.衡量；测量；量度为……

n.措施；尺度measurement

n.测量；尺寸9.

substance

n.物质；实质substantial

adj.大量的；结实的；基本的；实质性的10.

sample

n.样本；样品11.

microscope

n.显微镜12.

pipe

n.管子；管道；管乐器v.用管道输送13.

formula

n.（pl.formulas/formulae）配方；公式14.

react

v.（作出）反应；过敏；起化学反应reaction

n.反应；不良反应；抗拒，反对子话题4科学方法与过程1.

assume

v.假设；承担；就任（职责）；呈现assumption

n.假设；假定2.

suspect

v.猜想；觉得；怀疑3.

invest

v.投资；投入（时间或精力）investigate

v.调查；研究investigation

n.调查；研究4.

examine

v.检查；审查5.

confirm

v.证实；确认confirmation

n.证实，确认书6.

demonstrate

v.证明；展示；论证demonstration

n.示范，演示；证明；

示威（游行）7.

divide

v.分，划分；分配n.分歧，差异；

（数学中的）除，除法division

n.分配；分开；分歧8.

classify

v.分类；归类classification

n.分类；类别；分类法9.

compare

v.比较comparison

n.比较；对照；比喻10.

contrast

n.对比；对照；反差v.对比；对照；形成对比；显

出差异11.

experiment

n.&v.实验；试验experimental

adj.实验的12.

doubtful

adj.感到怀疑的；不确定的13.

version

n.描述；变体；变种14.

vary

vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同various

adj.各种各样的；多方面的variety

n.多样；种类；变化，多样化variation

n.变化；变体；变奏曲15.

mixture

n.混合物；混合体；结合体；混合剂16.

publish

v.发表；出版17.

system

n.体系；制度；系统systematic

adj.系统的；体系的18.

valid

adj.有效的；有根据的19.

accurate

adj.精确的；准确的accuracy

n.精确性；准确度20.

logical

adj.逻辑的；合乎逻辑的21.

subject

n.话题；学科；实验对象adj.主观的；

臣服的v.提出；

使……隶属

主题短语1.

find

out

发现，查明2.

come

up

with

提出（理论、想法）3.

break

through

取得突破4.

set

up

建立，设立（实验）5.

account

for

解释，说明6.

rule

out

排除（可能性）7.

build

on

以……为基础8.

figure

out

弄清楚，想出11.

work

out

计算出，解决12.

zoom

in

on

聚焦于9.

look

into

调查，研究10.

test

out

试验，测试

主题语块1.

make

a

scientific

discovery做出科学发现2.

propose

a

new

theory提出一个新理论3.

conduct

an

experiment进行一项实验4.

collect

and

analyze

data收集和分析数据5.

draw

a

conclusion得出结论6.

publish

research

findings发表研究成果7.

challenge

existing

assumptions挑战现有假设8.

explore

the

unknown探索未知9.

advance

human

knowledge增进人类知识10.

apply

scientific

principles应用科学原理11.

in

the

field

of

science在科学领域12.

in

the

long

run从长远来看13.

make

a

great

breakthrough取得重大突破14.

to

name

but

a

few略举几例

主题佳句高考必背写作佳句1.

句型公式：This/That

is

why

...这/那就是为什么……That

is

why

red

packets

are

used

during

Chinese

New

Year

and

other

celebrations.那就是为什么在中国新年和其他庆祝活动中要使用红包。2.

句型公式：if省略结构You

can

resort

to

professionals

for

an

effective

approach

to

free

us

from

our

phone

dependence，if

necessary.（建议信）如果有必要，你可以求助于专业人士，找到一个有效的方法来摆脱对

手机的依赖。主题语基通关基础知识巩固集训（一）默写训练Ⅰ.单词默写1.

v.看见；看出；注意到n.斑点；污迹；污渍2.

adj.确定无疑的；明确的3.

v.引用；援引；提及n.引文；引语4.

n.模型；模式；榜样5.

n.管子；管道；管乐器v.用管道输送6.

v.猜想，觉得，怀疑7.

v.检查；审查spot

definitely

cite

model

pipe

suspect

examine

8.

n.对比；对照；反差v.对比；对照；形成对比；显出

差异9.

n.混合物；混合体；结合体；混合剂10.

v.发表；出版contrast

mixture

publish

Ⅱ.派生单词默写1.

addition

n.增加物，添加物

adj.附加的，额外的

adv.此外2.

physics

n.物理学

n.物理学家

n.医师；（尤指）内科医生3.

universe

n.宇宙；世界

adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的

adv.普遍地；到处additional

additionally

physicist

physician

universal

universally

4.

calculate

v.计算

n.计算；估计5.

substance

n.物质；实质

adj.大量的；结实的；基本的；实质性的6.

assume

v.假设；承担；就任（职责）；呈现

n.假设；假定7.

invest

v.投资；投入（时间或精力）

v.调查；研究

n.调查；研究calculation

substantial

assumption

investigate

investigation

8.

confirm

v.证实；确认

n.证实，确认书9.

divide

v.分，划分；分配n.分歧，差异；（数学中的）除，除法

n.分配；分开；分歧10.

classify

v.分类；归类

n.分类；类别；分类法11.

compare

v.比较

n.比较；对照；比喻12.

experiment

n.&v.实验；试验

adj.实验的confirmation

division

classification

comparison

experimental

13.

vary

vi.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同

adj.各种各样的；多方面的

n.多样；种类；变化，多样化

n.变化；变体；变奏曲14.

system

n.体系；制度；系统

adj.系统的；体系的15.

accurate

adj.精确的；准确的

n.精确性；准确度various

variety

variation

systematic

accuracy

Ⅲ.短语/语块默写1.

发现，查明2.

建立，设立（实验）3.

排除（可能性）4.

调查，研究5.

试验，测试6.

计算出，解决7.

提出一个新理论8.

进行一项实验9.

收集和分析数据10.

得出结论find

out

set

up

rule

out

look

into

test

out

work

out

propose

a

new

theory

conduct

an

experiment

collect

and

analyze

data

draw

a

conclusion

Ⅳ.主题佳句默写1.

red

packets

are

used

during

Chinese

New

Year

and

other

celebrations.那就是为什么在中国新年和其他庆祝活动中要使用红包。2.

You

can

resort

to

professionals

for

an

effective

approach

to

free

us

from

our

phone

dependence，

⁠.如果有必要，你可以求助于专业人士，找到一个有效的方法来摆脱对

手机的依赖。That

is

why

if

necessary

Ⅰ.单词拼写1.

We

need

more

（科学的）

research

to

understand

the

long-term

effects

of

this

new

drug.2.

The

police

found

no

（证据）

that

he

was

at

the

scene

of

the

crime.3.

The

experiment

was

designed

to

（证实）

that

the

new

drug

is

effective.4.

Learning

a

new

skill

is

a

gradual

（过程）

that

requires

patience

and

practice.scientific

evidence

prove

process

基础知识巩固集训（二）

语境运用

5.

Einstein’s

（理论）

of

relativity

is

a

fundamental

concept

in

modern

physics.6.

The

machine

operates

on

the

basic

（原理）

of

magnetism.theory

principle

Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空1.

The

（discover）

of

the

new

planet

was

a

significant

moment

for

the

team

of

astronomers.2.

After

reviewing

all

the

evidence，

the

jury

reached

a

final

（conclude）

of

“not

guilty”.3.

The

dictionary

provides

a

clear

（define）

for

each

word，

along

with

example

sentences.4.

The

invention

of

the

smartphone

was

a

truly

⁠

（revolution）

step

in

communication

technology.5.

Despite

its

age，

the

old

radio

is

still

fully

（function）

and

works

perfectly.discovery

conclusion

definition

revolutionary

functional

Ⅲ.完成句子1.

Marie

Curie’s

dream

was

that

could

benefit

all

of

humanity.玛丽·居里的梦想是做出一项能够造福全人类的科学发现。2.

During

the

brainstorming

session，

our

team

⁠

to

solve

the

problem.在头脑风暴会议上，我们的团队提出了一个解决这个问题的绝妙

计划。to

make

a

scientific

discovery

came

up

with

a

brilliant

plan

3.

After

years

of

tireless

effort，

the

scientist

finally

⁠

in

cancer

research.经过多年的不懈努力，这位科学家终于在癌症研究方面取得了突破。4.

The

engineers

what

caused

the

equipment

to

fail.工程师们正试图弄清楚导致设备故障的原因。5.

This

new

theory

can

that

were

previously

unexplained.这个新理论可以解释许多以前无法解释的现象。managed

to

break

through

are

trying

to

figure

out

account

for

many

phenomena

主题要点突破

conclude

v.得出结论；结束→conclusion

n.结论；结尾练通

单句语法填空①The

（conclude）

of

his

speech

was

met

with

thunderous

applause

from

the

audience.②（2025·1月浙江卷）

conclusion，

I

believe

we

should

encourage

meaningful

content

creation

while

being

mindful

of

privacy

and

academic

focus.conclusion

In

写美

一句多译③根据实验结果，我们得出结论，该行星上不可能存在生命。→Based

on

the

experimental

results，

we

⁠

⁠.→Based

on

the

experimental

results，

we

⁠

⁠.concluded

that

life

could

not

exist

on

that

planet

came

to/reached/drew

a

conclusion

that

life

could

not

exist

on

that

planet

用法conclude

sth

from

sth

从……推断出……come

to/reach/draw

a

conclusion

得出结论in

conclusion

总而言之jump

to

conclusions

草率下结论佳句

I

reached

the

painful

conclusion

that

my

own

selfishness

had

overshadowed

my

brother’s

deep-seated

need

for

companionship.

（2025·全国一卷）我得出了一个痛苦的结论：我自己的自私已经盖过了我弟弟对陪伴的

深切需求。

积累

conclude

an

experiment结束一项实验logical

conclusion逻辑结论

prove

v.原来是；证实；证明→proof

n.证据；证明练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①The

new

fossil

discovery

（prove）

that

the

ancient

creature

could

fly.②Scientists

are

still

searching

for

conclusive

（prove）

of

life

on

Mars.③The

experiment

，

opening

up

new

possibilities

in

the

field

of

physics.这个实验被证明是成功的，在物理学领域开辟了新的可能性。proved

proof

proved

to

be

a

success

写美

微写作④I

am

confident

⁠

，

greatly

enhancing

the

appeal

of

our

school

newspaper.

（2025·全国一卷）我相信这个新栏目将被证明是一个宝贵的补充，极大地增强我们校报

的吸引力。this

new

column

will

prove

to

be

a

valuable

addition

用法prove

sb

wrong/right

证明某人是错/对的prove

to

be

...

结果是……living

proof

活生生的例子佳句

①This

interactive

column

will

surely

prove

its

worth

by

boosting

student

engagement

and

fostering

a

stronger

school

spirit.这个互动栏目必将通过提升学生参与度和培养更强的学校精神来证明

其价值。②The

empty

dog

leash

hanging

by

his

door

was

living

proof

of

the

void

I

had

created

in

his

life.挂在他门上那根空荡荡的狗绳活生生地证明了我在他生活中造成

的空虚。积累

provide

solid

proof提供确凿的证据prove

a

hypothesis证实一个假设

measure

v.衡量；测量；量度为……

n.措施；尺度练通

单句语法填空/完成句子①The

government

has

taken

strict

（measure）

to

prevent

the

spread

of

the

virus.②My

small

act

of

selfishness

had，

large

measure，

contributed

to

a

sorrow

that

was

beyond

measure.③This

mountain

in

height.这座山的高度超过8，000米。measures

in

measures

over

8，000

meters

写美

微写作④The

success

of

this

new

column

can

⁠

readership，

but

by

the

smiles

and

conversations

it

creates

in

the

hallways.

（2025·全国一卷）这个新栏目的成功不仅可以通过读者数量来衡量，还可以通过它在走

廊里创造的微笑和交谈来衡量。be

measured

not

just

by

用法measure

...by

...

用……来度量……make

...to

sb’s

measure

给某人量身定做……take

measures

to

do

sth

采取措施做某事in

large

measure

在很大程度上佳句

The

true

measure

of

a

school

newspaper’s

success

is

its

ability

to

connect

students

and

reflect

their

vibrant

life.衡量一份校报成功的真正标准是它连接学生并反映他们多彩生活

的能力。积累

a

measure

of

success成功的标志safety

measures安全措施点津

（1）measure用作“措施”时，常用其复数形式。（2）measure表示“有……长（宽、高等）”时，是系动词，后跟测

量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时态。

assume

v.假设；承担；就任（职责）；呈现→assumption

n.假

设；假定练通

完成句子①We

should

not

⁠

without

proper

guidance.我们不应认为每个人都能在没有适当指导的情况下自然养成健康

习惯。②Many

start

diets

weight

loss

alone

ensures

complete

well-being.许多人开始节食，假定仅仅减肥就能确保完全的健康。assume

everyone

to

naturally

adopt

healthy

habits

assuming/on

the

assumption

that

写美

微写作③As

is

often

the

case，

⁠

interesting

events

and

daily

lives

at

school.（2025·全国

一卷）情况往往是这样，人们普遍认为读者喜欢了解学校里有趣的事件和日

常生活。it

is

generally

assumed

that

readers

enjoy

learning

about

用法（1）assume

sb

to

do

sth 认为/假设/猜想某人做某事it

is

（generally）

assumed

that

...（普遍）认为……（2）make

an

assumption

做出假设on

the

assumption

that

...

假定……（3）assuming

that

...

假定……（引导条件状语从句）佳句

I’m

working

on

the

assumption

that

students

prefer

active

participation

over

passive

reading，

which

is

why

I

support

“Guess

who

I

am”.（2025·全国一卷）我的出发点是假设学生们更喜欢主动参与而非被动阅读，这就是我支

持“猜猜我是谁”的原因。联想

“假设，如果”的表达方式还有supposing/suppose

that

...、

providing/provided

that

...、on

condition

that

...

compare

v.比较→comparison

n.比较；对照；比喻练通

单句语法填空①When

（compare）

with

Earth，

Mars

is

much

smaller

and

colder.②In

（compare）

with

traditional

methods，

this

new

technique

is

far

more

efficient.③The

professor

compared

the

structure

of

an

atom

a

miniature

solar

system.compared

comparison

to

写美

微写作

④My

petty

annoyance

at

a

wet

dog

seemed

laughably

small

⁠

the

profound

loneliness

my

brother

was

enduring.

（2025·全国一卷）与我弟弟正在忍受的深切孤独相比，我对一只湿漉漉的狗的些许烦恼

显得可笑地微不足道。in

comparison

with

用法compare

A

to

B

把A比作Bcompare

A

with/and

B

把A和B进行比较in

comparison

with/to

与……相比beyond

comparison

无与伦比

make

a

comparison

作比较by

comparison

相比之下佳句

By

comparison，

“Guess

who

I

am”

is

not

just

a

column；

it’s

a

community-building

activity

that

will

get

everyone

talking.

（2025·全国

一卷）相比之下，“猜猜我是谁”不仅仅是一个栏目；它是一项能让每个人

都参与讨论的社区建设活动。

vary

v.（根据情况）变化，变更；相异，不同→various

adj.各种各

样的；多方面的→variety

n.多样；种类；变化，多样化练通

单句语法填空①The

symptoms

of

the

disease

can

vary

greatly

one

patient

to

another.②The

museum

has

a

wide

（vary）

of

scientific

exhibits

from

different

historical

periods.③The

research

team

is

composed

of

experts

from

（vary）

scientific

fields.from

variety

various

写美

微写作④The

“Guess

who

I

am”

column

would

⁠

，

from

hobbies

to

dreams，

making

each

week

a

fresh

puzzle.

（2025·全国一卷）“猜猜我是谁”栏目将允许提供从爱好到梦想的各种各样的线索，使

每一周都成为一个新的谜题。allow

for

a

wide

variety

of

clues

用法vary

from

...to

...

从……到……不等vary

in

...

在……方面不同a

variety

of

各种各样的for

a

variety

of

reasons

出于各种原因a

wide

variety

of

各种各样的佳句

I

finally

understood

that

his

life

wasn’t

a

single

note

of

grief，

but

a

melody

of

varying

emotions，

with

Toby

as

its

constant

rhythm.

（2025·全国一卷）我终于明白，他的生活不是一个悲伤的单音符，而是一段情感变化的

旋律，而托比是它不变的节奏。积累

vary

widely差异很大cultural

variety文化多样性

写作靓词——读后续写小妙招seize

vt.

抓住；夺取；控制佳句背诵①I

was

suddenly

seized

by/with

a

feeling

of

loneliness.我突然感到孤独。②The

moment

I

saw

my

father’s

cloudy

face，

fear/panic

immediately

seized

me/

I

was

seized

by/with

fear/panic

immediately

（心理与表情

描写）一看到父亲那阴云密布的脸，我就立刻感到了恐惧。③I

seized

her

by

the

arm

tightly

and

gazed

deep

into

her

eyes，

trying

to

give

her

courage.

（肢体动作描写）我紧紧地抓住她的胳膊，深深地凝视着她的眼睛，试图给她勇气。靓句写作

and

he

stood

there，

frozen.

（情感细节）他一阵愧疚，站在那里，愣住了。A

sense

of

guilt

seized

him

写作佳句——应用文写作与读后续写佳句仿写

句型公式：This/That

is

why

...这/那就是为什么……点拨该句型用于引出一个结果或结论。This或That指代前面已经陈述

的原因或情况，而why引导一个表语从句，用来说明这个原因所导致

的结果。背诵

He

consistently

works

hard

and

never

gives

up

on

his

goals.That

is

why

he

has

achieved

great

success.（个人成长）他坚持不懈地努力，从不放弃自己的目标。那就是他取得巨大成功的

原因。仿写

①早期预警系统让人们有足够的时间撤离。这就是伤亡人数较少的原

因。

（自然灾害）The

early

warning

system

gave

people

enough

time

to

evacuate.

⁠

the

number

of

casualties

was

low.②他总是乐于助人，并且对每个人都很友善。那就是他在社区里如此

受欢迎的原因。

（人物品质）He

is

always

willing

to

help

others

and

is

kind

to

everyone.

⁠

in

the

community.This

is

why

That

is

why

he

is

so

popular

Ⅰ.多义词汇赏句猜义，选出加蓝单词的正确意思1.

spotA.

v.看见；注意到 B.n.斑点；污迹C.

n.地点；场所①I

managed

to

spot

a

rare

bird

in

the

forest

during

my

hike.

⁠②We

found

a

quiet

spot

by

the

river

to

have

our

lunch.

⁠

③He

got

a

coffee

spot

on

his

new

white

shirt.

⁠

A

C

B

2.

modelA.

n.模型B.

n.模式；范例C.

n.榜样；模范①The

architect

showed

us

a

scale

model

of

the

new

building.

⁠②As

a

teacher，

you

should

be

a

good

role

model

for

your

students.

⁠③Many

countries

have

followed

the

Singaporean

economic

model.

⁠A

C

B

3.

measure

A.

v.测量；量度B.v.衡量；评估

C.

n.措施；方法

D.n.尺度；标准①The

government

has

implemented

new

measures

to

protect

the

environment.

⁠②We

need

to

measure

the

room

before

buying

new

furniture.

⁠③Exam

results

are

not

always

a

true

measure

of

a

student’s

ability.

⁠④You

can’t

really

measure

a

person’s

intelligence

just

by

their

exam

scores.

⁠C

A

D

B

4.

assume

A.

v.假设；假定

B.v.就任（职位）

C.

v.呈现；显出（某种特质）

D.v.承担（责任）①She

will

assume

the

position

of

CEO

after

the

current

one

retires.

⁠②In

the

dim

light，

the

old

statue

assumed

a

frightening

appearance.

⁠③Let’s

assume

that

the

information

is

correct

and

proceed

with

the

plan.

⁠④He

had

to

assume

full

responsibility

for

the

project’s

failure.

⁠B

C

A

D

5.

divide

A.

v.分开；划分 B.v.使产生分歧C.

n.分歧；差异①The

teacher

divided

the

students

into

four

groups

for

the

project.

⁠②The

issue

of

building

a

new

highway

has

divided

the

local

community.

⁠③There

is

a

deep

political

divide

between

the

two

main

parties.

⁠A

B

C

6.

subject

A.

n.话题；主题B.n.学科；科目C.

n.实验对象

D.adj.易遭受……的①My

favorite

subject

in

school

has

always

been

history.

⁠②This

coastal

area

is

subject

to

frequent

typhoons

during

the

summer.

⁠③The

subject

of

today’s

meeting

is

the

new

marketing

strategy.

⁠④All

the

subjects

in

the

medical

trial

were

volunteers.

⁠B

D

A

C

Ⅱ.构词法构词法词根geo＝earth地球写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和词义1.

Students

enjoy

learning

geography

because

they

discover

interesting

places

around

the

world.

⁠2.

The

geology

professor

explained

how

mountains

formed

millions

of

years

ago

slowly.

⁠3.

High

school

students

must

take

geometry

to

learn

about

shapes

and

angles.

⁠n.地理

n.地质学

n.几何学

4.

The

geologist

studied

rock

samples

to

understand

the

area’s

earthquake

risk

factors.

⁠5.

Modern

geopolitics

involves

complex

relationships

between

countries

and

their

natural

resources

worldwide.

⁠6.

Ancient

people

believed

in

a

geocentric

universe

with

Earth

at

the

center.

⁠n.地质学家

n.地缘政治

adj.以地球为中心的

主题写作提能

应用文写作（投稿