外研版英语必修第一册 语法专练 专题一　第1讲　谓语动词 教师用书

语法专题专题一复杂多变的动词第1讲谓语动词Atfirst，Jackwasn’tfondofstudyingandwasaddictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherwent①tohisroom，shefoundthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadcondemned③himmanytimesbeforehewenttomiddleschool，sohepromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandquitcomputergames.ItisamazingthatJackhaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.WheneveraskedaboutJack’sperformanceatschool，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Hehasbeenmaking⑦progress.”Heismaking⑧preparationsforthecollegeentranceexam.ThereisnodoubtthatJackwillbeadmittedto⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeinthenearfuturehewillbestudying⑩inakeyuniversity.[规则感悟]①是一般过去时，结构为谓语动词用过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为would＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为have/has＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式。⑦是现在完成进行时，结构为have/hasbeen＋现在分词。⑧是现在进行时，结构为am/is/are＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为will＋be＋现在分词。1．一般现在时(1)表示现在经常性的、习惯性的、反复的动作或状态。常用的时间状语有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Ioftendrawpicturesinpubs，andpeoplealwayscomeoverforalookandachat.(2025·浙江1月听力)我经常在酒吧里画画，人们总是过来看一看，聊聊天。(2)在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示科学事实、客观真理或自然现象(在过去的语境中也用一般现在时)。Theteachertoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。(4)表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等将要发生的动作，只限于go，arrive，leave，start，return，begin，come，takeoff等动词(短语)。Theflighttakesoffat8：30everyWednesdayandFriday.这个航班每周三和周五8：30起飞。(5)用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。2．一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，lastyear，threeyearsago，theotherday等时间状语连用。Sheonlystartedtoexercisesevenyearsagoafterhavingawake-upcall.(2025·全国二)她只是在七年前有了这次警醒后才开始锻炼的。(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。Ihadlearnedhowtooperatethemachinebythetimetheassistantcame.当助理来的时候，我已经学会了如何操作这台机器。(3)时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。Hesaidhewouldtellherthenewsassoonashemether.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。3．一般将来时(1)“shall/will＋动词原形”表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时作出的决定。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.据说他将于下个月退休。—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute，Iwillcheckitforyou.——几点了？——我不知道。请稍等，我帮您查一下。(2)“begoingto＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。“I’mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople，”shesaid.“I’mreadytoshine.”“我要激励很多人，”她说，“我已经准备好发光了。”Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.看那些乌云，要下雨了。(3)“beto＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。IamtomeetMrBrownateleveno’clockthismorning.今天上午11点我要去见布朗先生。(4)“beaboutto＋动词原形”表示正要或即将做某事，不与具体的时间状语连用。Workisabouttostartonanewfactorybuilding.新厂房即将动工。对点练习11．Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialoguewilltell(tell)youthestory.2．Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysitis(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.3．SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingaboutwere(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.(2024·新课标Ⅱ)4．现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。Now，I’mlivingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.(2023·新课标Ⅱ)现在，我通过帮助熊猫饲养员用英语工作，间接地实现了那个梦想。(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.约翰和他的姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。(3)与always，often，constantly等频度副词连用，表示经常反复的行为或某种感情色彩。感情色彩可褒可贬。Thegirlisalwaystalkingaloudinpublic，whichmakesherparentsannoyed.这个女孩总是在公共场合大声说话，这使得她的父母很烦。5．过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.今天上午11点格林太太正准备午餐。(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。(3)一些非延续性动词可用过去进行时表示过去按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常见动词有go，come，leave，start，arrive。Sheaskedhimwhetherhewascomingbackforsupper.她问他是否要回来吃晚饭。6．将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.不要在五点至六点之间给我打电话，那时我们在吃晚饭。对点练习21．Shewasplaying(play)withthecellphonewhenherbosswalkedintotheoffice.2．NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.Theywillbeplaying(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3．—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.Iamfilling(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.7．现在完成时(1)表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响或结果。常用的状语有already，ever，just(刚刚)，yet等。Iknowthatyou’vedrawnpicturesonmanythings，includingmapsandthecoversofbooksandmagazines.(2025·浙江1月听力)我知道你在很多东西上都画过画，包括地图、书籍和杂志的封面。(2)表示一个动作开始于过去，一直持续到现在。常与之连用的时间状语有lately，recently，untilnow，eversince，inthelast(past)fewdays/years，uptonow，sofar等。Inthepastfewyears，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)下列句型中常用现在完成时。This/That/Itisthefirst/second/...timethat＋现在完成时This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting/...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.这是我第一次做演讲。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。8．过去完成时(1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。常见的时间状语有by＋过去时间点，bytheendof＋过去时间点，bythetime＋从句，until/before/since＋过去时间点或从句。Shelivedwithafamilyshehadnevermetandeverythingwasnewtoher.(2023·全国乙)她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是新鲜的。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...等表示“一……就……”的句式中，主句常用过去完成时。当hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他们刚从房子里冲出来房子就烧塌了。(3)动词hope，expect，mean，intend，want，suppose的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。Ihadhopedtogohomefromworkaheadoftime.我本希望提前下班回家。(但未能如愿)对点练习31．Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearned/learnt(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaid(say)tomealtogether.2．Sincethe1960s，thousandsofChinesemedicalprofessionalshavevolunteered(volunteer)inAfrica，providingcriticalhealthcareservicesandtraininglocalpersonnel.3．Ihadexpected(expect)togetfirstprizeinthecontestbuttheresultmademedisappointed.9．过去将来时(1)表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。Kevinsighedandhopedsomethingexcitingwouldhappen.(2025·浙江1月)凯文叹了口气，盼着能发生点刺激的事。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我想知道儿子接下来会说什么。(2)三种表示过去将来时的特殊结构：was/weregoingto＋动词原形；was/wereto＋动词原形；was/wereaboutto＋动词原形。was/weregoingto＋动词原形表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。Hetoldmehewasgoingtogetmarriedthenextweek.他告诉我他打算下周结婚。was/wereaboutto＋动词原形表示过去即将要发生的动作。常构成句型was/wereabouttodo...when...Wewereabouttoleavewhenabignoisecamefromthenextroom.我们正要离开，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。10．现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.这些年来，他们一直向我们杂志投稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我们常常见面。对点练习41．—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhasbeenwriting(write)hisessaythereeversince.2．AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathewouldbe(be)afamousscientistwhosetheorieswouldchange(change)theworld.注意：除了前面讲解中提到的一些句型外，还要熟记以下固定句型中的时态：(1)bedoing...when...，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)Itis/hasbeen＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。(3)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。(4)Itis(high/about)timethatsb...，that后面的句子要用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。1．Thetwinswerestewing(stew)thechickenporridgewhentheirfathermarchedintothekitchen.2．It’shightimethatwetook/shouldtake(take)urgentmeasurestoprotectwaterresources.3．TheGreatWallisamustformostforeignvisitorsandthisisthefirsttimethatIhavebeen(be)there.4．Giveupinwinter，andyouwillmiss(miss)thehopeofspring，thebeautyofsummer，andtheharvestofautumninyourlife.Theschool’sannualsciencefairishighlyanticipated①byallstudents.Lastyear，agroundbreakingprojectonrenewableenergywasawarded②firstprize.Whiletheprojectwasbeingfinished④，somelast-minuteadjustmentswerebeingmade④bytheteamtoensureperfection.Actually，theconcepthadbeendesigned⑥longbeforethefairwasannounced.Throughoutthesemester，numerousexperimentswereconducted②，anddatawasparticularlyrecorded②.Wenowknowthattheprojecthasbeenhighlypraised⑤byseveraluniversityprofessorssincethefair.Bythetimeofthepresentation，afullyfunctionalmodelhadbeenbuilt⑥.Thestudentswereconfidentthattheirhardworkwouldberecognized⑧.Itisbelievedthattheirfindingswillbecited⑦infutureresearch.Currently，thestudentsarebeingencouraged③bytheirteachertosubmittheirworktoanationalcompetition.Theyweretoldthatifselected，theywouldbegiven⑧anopportunitytopresentatanationalconference.Thisexperiencehasshownusthatgreatachievementscanbeaccomplished⑨throughteamwork.[规则感悟]①是一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are＋过去分词。②是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were＋过去分词。③是现在进行时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are＋being＋过去分词。④是过去进行时的被动语态，结构为was/were＋being＋过去分词。⑤是现在完成时的被动语态，结构为has/havebeen＋过去分词。⑥是过去完成时的被动语态，结构为hadbeen＋过去分词。⑦是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will＋be＋过去分词。⑧是过去将来时的被动语态，结构为would＋be＋过去分词。⑨是含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为情态动词＋be＋过去分词。1.被动语态的用法(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Ithasn’tbeencleanedforweeks.——窗户脏了。——我知道。好几周没擦了。(2)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。Alltheemployeesexceptthemanagerareencouragedtoworkonlineathome.除了经理以外，所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。(3)某些及物动词和动词短语无被动语态：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；suit适合；belongto属于；sufferfrom遭受；datefrom/backto追溯到；consistof由……组成；takepartin参加。IboughtabookfromXinhuabookshop，whichcost15yuan.我从新华书店买了一本书，花了15元。Sheisexperimentingwithdifferenttypewriterstoseewhichonesuitsherbest.她正在试验不同的打印机，看哪一种最适合她。Lionsandtigersbelongtothecatfamily.狮子和老虎属于猫科。(4)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/takeplace/occur发生；remain剩下；breakout爆发；last持续；comeout出版；comeup被提出；loseheart失去信心；runout用完。Anaccidenthappenedontheroadlastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚这条路上发生了一起意外事故，五个人遇难。Abigfirebrokeoutinthearealastweek.上周那个地区发生了一场大火。(5)“get＋过去分词”也可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.那位病人一周接受一次治疗。2．主动形式表示被动意义的结构(1)表示主语的某种属性特征或功能的动词，如read，write，sell，wash，clean，cook，draw等，常与well，easily，smoothly等副词连用，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。Thesignreadsasfollows.告示如下。Theshirtdoesn’twashwell.这件衬衫不好洗。Hernewbookisveryinterestingandsellswell.她的新书很有趣并且卖得很好。(2)系动词如smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove等后接形容词作表语。Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(3)open，close，lock，move，keep等动词常与won’t，can’t，wouldn’t连用。Nomatterwhathedidtothedoor，itwouldn’topen.不论他怎么对付这个门，它就是打不开。(4)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词或worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.这所房子需要修理。Thefilmisreallyworthseeing.这部电影的确值得一看。(5)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常见的形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.(可看作toworkout前省略了forme)这道题很难计算。Doyouthinkthewaterissafetodrink?你认为这水喝着安全吗？(6)betoblame也属于主动形式表被动意义。Whoistoblameforthemistake?这个错误应该归咎于谁？对点练习1．Thecityhasbeenrecognized(recognize)asthemusicalcapitalofEuropesincethe16thcentury，hometothelikesofMozartandBeethoven.2．Mywashingmachineisbeingrepaired(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，isregarded(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4．WeallfeelitisJackaswellashiswifethatistoblame(blame)fortheirson’sbadperformanceatschool.5．Theprojectwaslaunched(launch)in1997asagiftfromthepeopleoftheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion.1．Beijing’suniqueculturalidentityattractedrecordtouriststonewheightsin2024，mostofwhomweredriven(drive)inpartbythepopularityofitsnewlylistedUNESCOWorldHeritageCentralAxis(轴)．2．It’sapitythatfewstudentsnowadaysarekeenonreadingclassicswhichIthinkarereallyworthreading(read)．3．Themedicalteamwhichconsists(consist)ofthreedoctorsandfivenurseshassetoffforShanghai.4．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplanhadbeencarried(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1．语法一致原则Ilive①inBeijing，whilemygirlfriendlives①inShanghai，andwehaven’t①seeneachotherforalongtime.Toseehereverydayis②mydream.WhatIwanttodois③giveupmypresentjobandworkinhercity.However，allmyrelativesexceptmyuncleobjectto④myidea.Someonetells⑤methatitisnotworthwhiletogiveupmyjob，whichbrings⑥me10,000yuaneverymonth.Manyapersonthinks⑦itnotwisetoleavethecityIamlivingin.[规则感悟]该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则谓语动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是动词不定式或动名词短语，谓语动词用单数。③主语是从句，谓语动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，togetherwith，except，but，aswellas，ratherthan，besides，including等时，谓语动词的数与这些词前面的主语一致。⑤主语为someone，anyone，everyone等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。⑦“manya/morethanone＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2．意义一致原则Ihavebeenonadietforfourmonths.Fourmonthsis①notashorttime.Thoughalargenumberofpeopledon’t②understandme，themajorityofpeoplearoundmesupport③me.Theoldconsider④itunwisetogoonadiet，buttheyoungadmire④me.Atfirstmyfamilywere⑤worriedaboutme，butnowtheythinkIcanchoosetodothisaslongasitdoesn’tharmmyhealth.[规则感悟]①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。③themajorityof，therestof，分数/百分数＋of＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。⑤family，group，team，class，government等集体名词，当表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。3．就近一致原则Thereare①manygirlshavingatasteforsweetfood，butneithermysisternorIam②interestedincandies.[规则感悟]①在therebe，herebe结构中，若有几个并列成分作主语，通常遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。②or，notonly...butalso...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常遵循“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致。1．用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一事物、同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)Ahammerandasawareusefultools.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两个物体)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：breadandbutter(黄油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。2．“形复意单”名词如news；以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics，mathematics，economics；国名如theUnitedStates；报纸名如theNewTimes；书名如ArabianNights(《天方夜谭》)；以及theUnitedNations(联合国)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3．“no/each/every/manya＋可数名词单数＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一个人都有很好的理由为他们的父亲所做的工作感到骄傲。4．all，theremaining，thepart等加主语，谓语动词应根据句子所表达的单复数意义而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.讲座的第一部分很生动，但其余部分非常枯燥。5．“几分之几/百分之几＋of＋名词”作主语时，一般根据of后的名词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。6．people，police，cattle等有生命的集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Thepolicesaytheyhavearrestedtwentypeoplefollowingthedisturbances.警方称他们已经在骚乱后逮捕了20个人。7．一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如goods，stairs，arms等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Anumberofpeoplerushedintothesupermarketwhenthegoodsweresoldatadiscount.当商品打折时，很多人涌进了超市。8．单复数同形的名词，如means，deer，sheep等作主语时，谓语动词单复数要视情况而定。Everymeanshasbeentriedtocompletetheprojectaheadoftime.为了提前完成这个项目所有的方法都尝试了。Manydeeraredyingoutinourcountrysowemusttakeeffectivemeasurestopreservethem.在我国很多鹿快灭绝了，因此我们必须采取有效的措施来保护它们。9．what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；但如果从句表示复数含义，则谓语动词用复数形式。Whathesaidisfarfromthetruth.他的话与事实相差太远了。Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.这个学校需要的是合格的教师。10．aquantityof后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。quantitiesof后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。11．在倒装句中谓语动词常与后面最接近的主语一致。Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。12．就近原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句中，同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。IseitherTomoryoutobesenttoworkthere?是你还是汤姆要被派去那里工作？对点练习1．Theteacherandpoetoftengives(give)lecturesaroundthecity.2．IthinkTom，ratherthanyou，is(be)toblamefortheincident；thatistosay，youareinnocent.3．AsfarasIknow，hisfamilyisnotverylargebutthefamilyareallmusiclovers.(be)4．Thepoorwere(be)lookeddownuponintheolddays.5．Listeningtoloudmusicandrockconcertshascaused(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagerssofar.6．Thereis(be)anoldmanandtwoboyswaitingforyouinthedoorway.1．Overthepast45years，museumexchangesbetweenChinaandtheUShavegrown(grow)significantly.2．GoingtoMountHuangshanreminds(remind)meofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”．3．Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollectionis(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.1．wish/wouldrather/asif/ifonly从句中的虚拟语气MrZhang—ZMrWang—W(Besidetheriver，MrZhangandMrWangarequiveringasiftheywere①incoldwinter.)Z：IwishIhad①somethinghottodrink.W：IwouldratherIhadn’tinvited②youtogoout.Z：Howbigafish!IfonlyIhadcaught②it.W：Ifonlyyouhadn’tfallen②intotheriver！Ifonlywehad①dryclothesnow!NowIwishyourwifewouldn’tblame③thisonme.[规则感悟]asif好像，wish希望，wouldrather宁可，ifonly要是……就好了，这四个词汇后的从句往往用虚拟语气。①对现在的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋过去分词。③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用would/could/might/should＋动词原形，wouldrather从句中用一般过去时。2．条件句中的虚拟语气MrZhang—ZWife—W(inthehospital)Z：Whatfineweather!IfIwerenotill，Iwouldgofishing.①W：Ifyouhadn’tgonefishingyesterday，youwouldn’thavecaughtacold.②Z：Iwouldhavestayedathome，butMrWanginvitedmetogo.③Hetoldmetohurry，otherwiseIwouldn’thaveforgottentowearwarmcoats.④W：IsitallMrWang’sfault?Butfor/WithoutMrWang，youwouldhavebeendrowned.⑤Z：Haditnotbeenforthebigfish，Iwouldn’thavefallenintotheriver.⑥I’dcatchitifIshouldrecovertomorrow.⑦[规则感悟]·①②⑦为if条件句中的虚拟语气，有以下三种情况：对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋would/could/should/mightdo...对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋haddone...，主语＋would/could/should/mighthavedone...对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/should/weretodo...，主语＋would/could/should/mightdo...·⑥为if虚拟条件句的省略与倒装结构：Had＋主语＋done，主语＋would/could/mighthavedone...·③④⑤为含蓄虚拟语气，用法如下：有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这种虚拟语气称为含蓄虚拟条件句。常用的这类词或短语有without(要是)没有，butfor要不是，otherwise/or否则，but但是等。句子结构同上面if条件句中的虚拟语气的结构。3．名词性从句和定语从句中的虚拟语气Yesterday，Mikeinsistedthathehadn’tcheatedintheexamwiththecellphoneandthathe(should)notbepunished.①Theteacherorderedthathe(should)takeoutthecellphoneandcommandedthathe(should)phonehisparentsrightnow.①Mikerequestedthattheteacher(should)notcallhisparents.①Hedemandedthattheteacher(should)givehimanotherchance.①Theteachersaiditwasrequiredthatstudents(should)nottakecellphonestoschool.②Hersuggestion/advicewasthatMike(should)studyhardinsteadofcheatingintheexams.③Itishightimethatheprepared/shouldprepareforthecollegeentranceexamination.④[规则感悟]·某些特定的动词之后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语用(should＋)动词原形。如①，这类动词包括“一坚持”(insist)，“二命令”(order/command)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建议”(suggest/advise/recommend/propose)。·上述动词用于“Itis/was＋过去分词＋that从句”时，从句使用虚拟语气，即谓语用(should＋)动词原形，如②。·上述动词的名词形式如requirement，suggestion，advice等，其后的表语从句或同位语从句也用虚拟语气，即谓语用(should＋)动词原形，如③。·Itis(high/about)timethatsbdid/shoulddosth也是常见的虚拟语气形式，如④。4．Itis/was＋adj.＋thatsb(should)do...和Itis/was＋n.＋thatsb(should)do...Englishteacher：Itisimportant/essential/necessarythatyou(should)learnEnglishwell.Student：Why？AsaChinese，IthinkitisstrangethatI(should)learnEnglishwell.[规则感悟]在Itis/was＋形容词(important，essential，necessary，strange，natural，etc.)＋that引导的主语从句和Itis/was＋名词(apity，arule，ashame，asurprise，etc.)＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。1．虚拟条件句的省略与倒装if条件句中有were，had或should时，可以省略if，并把were，had或should放在主语前，构成倒装结构。IfIwereinyourposition，Iwoulddothesame.→WereIinyourposition，Iwoulddothesame.假如我处在你的位置，我也会这样做的。Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthebus.→Hadyoucomeearlier，youwouldhavecaughtthebus.如果你来得早些，你就会赶上公共汽车了。Ifitshouldraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.→Shoulditraintomorrow，wewouldnotgoclimbing.如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山了。2．错综时间虚拟条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。Ifyouhadlistenedtotheteacheryesterday，youwouldn’tsuffersomuchnow.如果你昨天听老师的，你现在就不会受这么多苦。3．当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。Theoldmaninsistedthathewasnotillandthathe(should)notbesenttohospital.这位老人坚持说他没有病，坚持认为他不应该被送到医院。对点练习1．TheAntarcticaissomysteriouslydescribedbysomepeople.IfonlyIhadbeen(be)therebefore!2．Ouronlyrequestisthatthis(should)besettled(settle)assoonaspossible.3．Ibelievehemusthavehadanaccident；otherwisehewouldhavearrived(arrive)ontime.4．Ifyouhadtaken(take)myadvice，youwouldnothavefailedintheexam.5．HowIwisheverystudenthad(have)ascientificandsystematicstudymethod!1．Iwishmymotherwouldstop(stop)interferingandletmemakemyowndecisions.2．MyfathersuggeststhatI(should)get(get)enoughsleepbeforethefinalexamination.3．Myhusbandisalwaystalkingabouttheeconomy，butI’dratherhefocused(focus)moreonourchildren’seducation.

层级一基础达标练1．Jackwasworking(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.2．Jennyshouldhavekept(keep)herword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.3．Thisledtothereappearanceofthecitythathadsunk(sink)decadesbeforewithoutanypriorinvestigations.4．Inthepastdecades，effortshavebeenmade(make)byMentougouDistricttopreservethissignaturefolkdanceculture.5．Duringthatperiod，theartformwasbrought(bring)toYazhouTownintoday’sPingtangCounty，GuizhouProvincefromJiangxiProvince.6．Today，thetime-honoredfolkartoftheJingxiTaipingDrumisbeingtaken(take)upbytheyoungpeopleandispresentingitslivelyartisticcharmonaglobalstage.7．Themoneywillbedistributed(distribute)overafour-yearperiodandisaimedathelpingapproximately1,000homelesspeopleinthecountyofArvada.8．Inaddition，Xuanpaperisdesigned(design)tobeabletolastformorethan1,000yearsandstillkeepthefreshnessoftheinkandcoloronit.9．Theactionofpouringhotwateroverfinepowderedteaiscalleddian，hencethenamediancha，whichwaslisted(list)asanintangibleculturalheritageofRunzhouDistrict，ZhenjiangCity，JiangsuProvince，in2019.10．Theshockvictorieshavethrilledsuccess-starvedChinesefanswhonamedhumorouslytheoverachievingteams“thelightofAsiansoccer”，whiletopicsrelatedtothewinshavebecome(become)toptrendingnewsonChinesesocialmediaeversince.层级二高考真题练1．Theconceptis(be)certainlynotnew—menhavebeenrentinggoodsuitsfordecades—butforfemaleshoppers，itisjusttakingoff.(2025·浙江1月)2．“Theplayers’personalitiesarerevealed(reveal)duringthegame，andone’sweaknessesareexposedtotheopponent，”sheadds.(2025·全国一)3．“Adecentwinneralwaystries(try)tobeattheopponentbynomorethanoneortwopointsasagesture(姿态)ofrespectfortheotherside.”(2025·全国一)4．Andintheprocess，I’veexperiencedthingsthatreallysurprisemeattimes.The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothesis(be)oneofthem.(2025·全国二)5．Onacool，starrynightinmid-September1870，fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverinwhatisnownorthwesternWyoming.Theywere(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.(2024·全国甲)6．Theremarkabledevelopmentofthiscity，whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld，means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere，andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.(2023·全国乙)7．Henrywasfixing(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.(2022·新课标Ⅱ)8．Markisagenius.Bythetimehegraduated，hehadbeenoffered(offer)jobsbyadozencomputercompanies.(2021·天津)9．Goodevening，everybody.ProfessorKingwilldeliver/willbedelivering(deliver)hislectureinamoment，butletmeintroducehimfirst.(2021·天津)10．Currently，about35,000worksarebeingdisplayed(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre，anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.(2021·天津)层级三语篇提能练Thefirstzoo1.wasestablished(establish)around3,500yearsagobyanEgyptianqueenforherpersonalenjoyment.Fivehundredyearslater，aChineseemperor2.built(build)ahugezootoshowhispowerandwealth.Laterzoosweresetupforthepurposeofstudyinganimals.SomeoftheearlyEuropeanzoos3.consisted(consist)ofdarkholesordirtycages，thebadconditionsofwhichmadepeopledisgusted.Laterthezoos4.werereplaced(replace)byresearchcentersandanimalstherewerestudiedand5.(were)kept(keep)ingoodcondition.Theseplacesbecamethefirstmodernzoos.Asearlyasthe1940s，scientists6.understood(understand)thatmanykindsofwildanimalsfacedextinction.Sincethen，zoos7.havetried/havebeentrying(try)tosavemanyendangeredspecies，butrelyingonzoos8.tosave(save)speciesisnotenough.Thebestmethodofprotectionistoleavethemintheirnaturalhabitat.Today，animalsinlargeandnaturalreservesarefedabalanceddietand9.(are)watched(watch)carefullyforanysignsofdiseasewithspeciallytrainedkeeperslookingafterthemandsomehospitalswheretheycanbetreatedwhenill，andalltheanimalsthereliveacomfortablelife.Anyway，itistruethatzoobreedingprograms10.areplaying(play)animportantroleinprotectingmanyspeciesofwildlifenow.1．时态的交叉使用eq\x(典例)(2024·北京)我坚信，这些报告将全面介绍中国的发展历程及其在世界舞台上的影响。IamfirmlyconvincedthatthesereportswillprovideacomprehensiveviewofChina’sjourneyofdevelopmentanditsimpactontheworldstage.eq\x(运用)(2025·全国一)我相信这个话题会很容易吸引读者，鼓励他们更积极地参加学校的活动。Ibelievethistopicwillattractreaderseasilyandencouragethemtotakepartinschooleventsmoreactively.2．利用“主将从现”的规律eq\x(典例)(2025·全国一)如果加上“猜猜我是谁”，这将提供一个加深我们对彼此个性和兴趣的了解的机会。If“GuesswhoIam”isadded，itwillofferanopportunitytodeepenourunder