2025-2026年湖南省八年级英语下册第12单元词汇练习题

2025-2026年湖南省八年级英语下册第12单元词汇练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thenewsciencemuseuminourcity______manyinteractiveexhibitsthathelpstudentsunderstandtheprinciplesofphysicsandchemistry.A.includesB.containsC.consistsofD.possesses解析：本题考查动词辨析。A选项includes意为“包括”，常用于列举具体事物；B选项contains意为“包含”，较笼统；C选项consistsof意为“由...组成”，强调整体与部分关系；D选项possesses意为“拥有”，多用于抽象概念。根据句意“我们城市的科学博物馆包含许多互动展品”，应选includes。contains易误用为静态描述，而此处强调展品是博物馆的组成部分，故A最符合语境。2.Mygrandmotheroftentellsmestoriesaboutherchildhood,______shelivedinasmallvillagewithhergrandparents.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项when引导时间状语从句；B选项where引导地点状语从句；C选项which指代物，不能引导状语；D选项that可引导名词性从句。句意为“我祖母经常给我讲她童年的故事，她住在有祖父母的小村庄”，空格需修饰地点，故选where。when易混淆为时间状语，而village是地点，需用where。3.Theenvironmentalprotectionorganization______bylocalstudentslastyearhasraisedover10,000yuanfortreeplantingactivities.A.establishedB.establishingC.toestablishD.establishedto解析：本题考查非谓语动词。A选项established作后置定语，表示被动；B选项establishing作后置定语，表示主动；C选项toestablish表目的；D选项establishedto表目的。句意为“由当地学生去年建立的环保组织”，需用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动建立，故选A。establishing易误作主动语态，而组织是被学生建立的。4.IfyouwanttoimproveyourEnglishspeakingskills,itisimportant______morepracticeeveryday.A.tohaveB.havingC.tobeD.being解析：本题考查不定式表目的。A选项tohave表目的；B选项having表动作；C选项tobe表状态；D选项being表动作。句意为“如果你想提高英语口语能力，重要的是每天多做练习”，需用不定式表目的，故选A。having易误作现在分词，而此处强调练习是提高能力的目的。5.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theyhadfinishedtheirhomeworkbeforetheclassstarted.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what解析：本题考查宾语从句。A选项if/whether引导宾语从句；C选项that引导宾语从句但无意义；D选项what引导名词性从句。句意为“老师问学生们上课前是否完成了作业”，需用if/whether引导宾语从句，故选A。that易误作连接词，但此处无实际意义。6.Theoldlibraryinourtown______forover50yearsandstillservesasacommunityreadingcenter.A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.opensD.wasopened解析：本题考查现在完成时被动语态。A选项hasbeenopen表示持续状态；B选项hasopened主动语态；C选项opens一般现在时；D选项wasopened一般过去时被动语态。句意为“我们镇的老图书馆已经开放了50多年”，需用现在完成时被动语态，故选A。hasopened易误作主动，而library是被开放的对象。7.Mysisterisinterested______playingthepiano,butshehasn’thadenoughtimetopracticerecently.A.inB.onC.atD.with解析：本题考查介词搭配。A选项in与interest搭配；B选项on不与interest搭配；C选项at不与interest搭配；D选项with不与interest搭配。句意为“我妹妹对弹钢琴感兴趣”，需用in表示兴趣，故选A。on易误与interest搭配，但interest后必须用in。8.Thecompanydecided______anewfactoryinthesuburbstoexpanditsproductioncapacity.A.buildB.tobuildC.buildingD.built解析：本题考查动词不定式表目的。A选项build一般式；B选项tobuild不定式表目的；C选项building动名词；D选项built过去分词。句意为“公司决定在郊区建一家新工厂以扩大生产能力”，需用不定式表目的，故选B。build易误作动词原形，而此处需表目的。9.Thestudentsweresurprised______theirteachertoldthemtheexamwouldbenextweekinsteadofthisweek.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what解析：本题考查宾语从句。A选项when引导时间状语从句；B选项that引导宾语从句；C选项how引导方式状语从句；D选项what引导名词性从句。句意为“学生们惊讶于老师告诉他们考试将在下周而不是本周进行”，需用that引导宾语从句，故选B。when易误作时间状语，而此处需表惊讶的内容。10.Thechefpreparedadeliciousmeal______alltheguestsenjoyeditverymuch.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom解析：本题考查定语从句。A选项which指代物，引导非限制性定语从句；B选项that可指代物，但此处which更自然；C选项who指人；D选项whom指人。句意为“厨师准备了一顿美味的餐点，所有客人都很喜欢”，需用which指代meal，故选A。that易误作主语，而此处需指代物。二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Themoviestaris______(famous)forherrolesinseveralaward-winningfilms.解析：空格需填形容词作表语，填famous。2.Ifyouwanttostayhealthy,youshouldexercise______(regular).解析：空格需填副词修饰exercise，填regularly。3.Thechildrenwere______(excite)whentheyheardtheywouldgotothezooonSunday.解析：空格需填过去分词作表语，填excited。4.Myfatherisa______(care)driverwhoalwaysfollowstrafficrulesstrictly.解析：空格需填形容词作表语，填careful。5.Thelibraryis______(close)onMondaysforcleaning.解析：空格需填副词修饰close，填closely。6.Sheis______(interest)inlearningforeignlanguages,soshereadsEnglishbookseveryday.解析：空格需填形容词作表语，填interested。7.Theteacheraskedthestudents______(write)theiressaysbeforethedeadline.解析：空格需填动词不定式表目的，填towrite。8.Theoldbuildingwas______(renovate)lastyeartopreventitfromcollapsing.解析：空格需填过去分词作被动语态，填renovated。9.Mybrotherisgood______(play)theguitarandoftenperformsatlocalevents.解析：空格需填动词不定式表能力，填toplay。10.Thestudentswere______(surprise)whentheyfoundtheirexamscoresimprovedsignificantly.解析：空格需填过去分词作表语，填surprised。三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Themuseumoffersfreeadmissiontostudentsonweekends.(×)解析：错误。根据第12单元课文，博物馆对学生免费开放是工作日，周末需购票。2.Theenvironmentalorganizationwasfoundedbyhighschoolstudentslastyear.(√)解析：正确。课文提到该组织由当地高中生创立，时间也是去年。3.Thechefpreparedaspecialdishforthecompany’sanniversary.(√)解析：正确。案例中提到厨师为公司周年庆典准备了特色菜。4.Theoldlibraryhasbeenopenformorethan50years.(√)解析：正确。第12单元练习中提到图书馆开放50多年，仍服务社区。5.Theteacheraskedthestudentsiftheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(√)解析：正确。课文对话中老师用if引导宾语从句询问作业完成情况。6.Theenvironmentalorganizationraisedmorethan10,000yuan.(√)解析：正确。案例中明确提到筹集了10,000多元用于植树。7.Thestudentsweresurprisedthattheirexamwouldbenextweek.(√)解析：正确。第12单元练习中提到学生惊讶于考试改期。8.Thechefisinterestedinplayingthepiano.(×)解析：错误。案例中提到厨师对烹饪感兴趣，而非弹钢琴。9.Theoldbuildingwasrenovatedlastyear.(√)解析：正确。课文提到老建筑去年翻新以防止坍塌。10.Theenvironmentalorganizationdecidedtobuildanewfactory.(×)解析：错误。案例中提到建新图书馆，而非工厂。四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Whatarethemainactivitiesoftheenvironmentalorganizationmentionedintheunit?参考答案：该组织主要活动包括植树、垃圾分类宣传、环保讲座等。解析：根据单元课文，组织通过实际行动提升环保意识，如组织植树活动、开展垃圾分类宣传、举办环保知识讲座等。2.Whywerethestudentssurprisedabouttheirexamschedule?参考答案：学生惊讶是因为老师突然宣布考试改期，原计划在本周进行。解析：单元练习中提到老师用if引导宾语从句询问作业完成情况，学生未预料到考试时间变动。3.Howdoestheoldlibrarycontributetothecommunity?参考答案：老图书馆通过提供免费阅读空间、举办文化讲座等方式服务社区。解析：课文强调图书馆作为社区文化中心，不仅提供书籍借阅，还定期举办读书会、电影放映等活动。4.Whatdoesthechefdoinhisfreetime?参考答案：厨师在空闲时喜欢研究新菜谱，偶尔会去市场采购食材。解析：案例中提到厨师对烹饪充满热情，会查阅烹饪书籍，周末常去菜市场寻找新鲜食材。5.Whydidtheoldbuildingneedrenovation?参考答案：老建筑因年久失修，部分结构存在安全隐患，翻新后可继续使用。解析：单元练习中明确指出建筑需翻新以防止坍塌，说明其存在结构性问题。6.HowcanstudentsimprovetheirEnglishspeakingskills?参考答案：学生可通过每天练习、参加英语角、观看英文电影等方式提升口语能力。解析：课文建议多开口、多模仿母语者，并利用日常场景练习对话。7.Whatisthepurposeoftheenvironmentalorganization’sfundraising?参考答案：筹集的资金用于支持环保项目，如植树造林、野生动物保护等。解析：案例中提到10,000多元用于植树，说明资金直接用于具体环保行动。8.Whyistheenvironmentalorganizationimportanttothecommunity?参考答案：该组织通过教育公众、组织活动，提升了社区环保意识，促进了可持续发展。解析：单元课文强调组织在推动环保理念、改善社区环境方面发挥关键作用。五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.CaseStudy:Theenvironmentalorganizationinyourtownplanstoplant100treesnextmonth.Writeashortpassage(50words)suggestingthreewaystoinvolvelocalstudentsinthisactivity.参考答案：Theorganizationcanorganizeatree-plantingcompetitionamongschools.Studentscanalsoparticipateinworkshopstolearnabouttreecare.Additionally,adonationdrivecanbelaunchedtoraisefundsformoretrees.Theseactivitieswillengagestudentsandteachthemaboutenvironmentalresponsibility.2.Scenario:YourfriendisstrugglingtoimprovehisEnglishspeakingskills.Givehimthreespecificsuggestions.参考答案：First,heshouldjoinanEnglishclubtopracticespeakingwithpeers.Second,hecanrecordhimselftalkingdailyandlistenforpronunciationerrors.Third,heshouldwatchEnglishmovieswithoutsubtitlestoimprovelisteningandspeakingsimultaneously.Consistentpracticeiskey.3.ProblemSolving:Theoldlibrarylacksfundingfornewbooks.Writeaparagraph(60words)suggestingthreefundraisingideas.参考答案：Thelibrarycanhostausedbooksaletoraisemoney.Acharityconcertfeaturingstudentperformerscouldattractdonations.Additionally,partneringwithlocalbusinessesforsponsorshipwouldprovidefinancialsupport.Theseeffortswillhelpexpandthecollection.4.WritingTask:Describeyourfavoriteplaceinyourcommunity(70words).参考答案：Myfavoriteplaceisthecommunitypark.Ithasalargeplaygroundforchildrenandawalkingtrail.Theparkalsohostsculturalevents,likepoetryreadings.It’sapeacefulspotwherefamiliescanrelaxandenjoynature.5.GrammarApplication:Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectformoftheverbinparentheses.①Thechef______(prepare)aspecialdishforthecompany’sanniversarynextweek.②IfI______(have)moretime,IwouldstudyEnglisheveryday.③Thestudents______(finish)theirhomeworkbeforetheteacherarrived.参考答案：①ispreparing②had③hadfinished6.TranslationTask:TranslatethefollowingsentenceintoEnglish.“我们学校决定举办一场环保讲座，以提高学生的环保意识。”参考答案：Ourschoolhasdecidedtoholdanenvironmentallecturetoraisestudents’awarenessofenvironmentalprotection.7.VocabularyUsage:Completethesentencewiththebestwordfromthebox.①Theorganization______(raise)over10,000yuanfortreeplanting.②Mysisteris______(interest)inlearningFrench.③Theoldlibrary______(close)formaintenancenextMonday.参考答案：①hasraised②interested③willbeclosed8.WritingPrompt:Writeashortparagraph(60words)abouthowtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnEnglish.参考答案：Technologyprovidesonlineresourceslikelanguageappsandvideolessons.StudentscanpracticespeakingwithAIchatbots.Additionally,digitaldictiona