考研英语2017年6月英语六级真题(第1套)

第第10页共10页20176月大学英语六级真题试卷一PartI Writing (30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Supposeyouaskedtogiveadviceonwhethertomajorinscienceorhumanitiesatcollege，writeanessaytostateyouropinion.requiredtowriteatleast150butnomorethan200words.PartII ListeningComprehension (30SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Doingenjoyablework.C)Earningacompetitivesalary.B)Havingfriendlycolleagues.D)Workingforsupportivebosses.2.A)31%. B)20%. C)25%. D)73%.A)Thoseofasmallsize.Thoserunbywomen.Thosethatarewellmanaged.Thosefullofskilledworkers.A)Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)ItisabookofEuropeanhistory. B)Itisanintroductiontomusic.C)ItisaboutthecityofBruges. D)Itisacollectionofphotos.A)WhenpaintingtheconcerthallofBruges.WhenvacationinginanItaliancoastalWhentakingpicturesforaconcertcatalogue.WhenwritingaboutBelgium’scoastalregions.A)TheentireEuropeancoastlinewillbesubmerged.TherichheritageofEuropewillbelostcompletely.TheseawaterofEuropewillbeseriouslypolluted.ThemajorEuropeanscenicspotswilldisappear.A)Itswaterwaysarebeingincreasinglypolluted.Peoplecannotgetaroundwithoutusingboats.Itattractslargenumbersoftouristsfromhomeandabroad.usewoodenpathstoreachtheirhotelsinthemorning.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theymakecarefulpreparationsbeforehand.Theytaketoomanyirrelevantfactorsintoaccount.Theyspendtoomuchtimeanticipatingtheirdefeat.Theytryhardtoavoidgettingoffonthewrongfoot. A)Aperson’snervoussystemismorecomplicatedthanimagined.B)Golfersusuallyhavepositivementalimagesofthemselves.Mentalimagesofteninterferewithathletes’performance.Thinkinghasthesameeffectonthenervoussystemasdoing.A)Anticipatepossibleproblems.Makealistofanddon’ts.Picturethemselvessucceeding.toappearmoreprofessional.A)Sheworeadesignerdress. B)Shewonherfirstjurytrial.C)Shedidnotspeakloudenough. D)Shepresentedmovingpictures.Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard. A)Itslong-termeffectsareyettobeproved.B)Itshealthbenefitshavebeenoverestimated.Ithelpspeopletoavoiddevelopingbreastcancer.ItenablespatientswithdiabetestorecoverA)Itfocusedontheirwaysoflifeduringyoungadulthood.Ittrackedtheirchangeinfoodpreferencesfor20years.Itfocusedontheirdifferencefrommeninfiberintake.Ittrackedtheireatinghabitssincetheiradolescence.A)FibermayhelptoreducehormonesintheFibermaybringmorebenefitstowomenthanmen.Fibermayimprovethefunctionofheartmuscles.Fibermaymakebloodcirculationmoresmooth.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearoflecturesortalksfollowedbyorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfomthefourchoicesmarked,))d.nmktesgrAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Observingthechangesinmarketing.Conductingresearchonconsumerbehaviour.Studyingthehazardsofyoungpeopledrinking.Investigatingtheimpactofmediaongovernment.A)Itisthecauseofmanystreetriots. B)ItisgettingworseyearbyC)Itisachiefconcernofparents. D)Itisanactofsocialising.A)Theyspentaweekstudyingtheirownpurchasingbehaviour.Theyresearchedtheimpactofmobilephonesonyoungpeople.Theyanalysedtheirfamilybudgetsovertheyears.Theyconductedathoroughresearchonadvertising.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.ItistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtyItisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.A)Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency.B)Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.A)Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain. B)Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.C)TherestaurantcaracceptedcashD)Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.A)Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes. B)Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.C)Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending. D)Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Populationexplosion. B)Chronichunger.C)Extinctionofrarespecies. D)Environmentaldeterioration.A)Theycontributetooverpopulation.B)Abouthalfofthemareunintended.C)Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.D)Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.A)Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.PartⅢReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AfterbecomingpresidentofPurdueUniversityin2013,MitchDanielsaskedthefacultytoprovethattheirstudentshaveactuallyachievedoneofhighereducation'smostimportantgoals:criticalthinkingskills.Twoyearsbefore,anationwidestudyofcollegegraduateshadshownthatmorethanathirdhadmadeno26gainsinsuchmentalabilitiesduringtheirschoolyears.Danielsneededto27thehighcostofattendingPurduetoitsstudentsandtheirfamilies.Afterall,thepercentageofAmericanswhosayacollegedegreeis"veryimportant"hasfallen28inthelast5-6years.Purduenowhasapilottesttoassessstudents'criticalthinkingskills.YetlikemanycollegeteachersaroundtheU.S.,thefacultyremain29thattheirworkaseducatorscanbemeasuredbya"learning30"suchasagraduate'sabilitytoinvestigateandreason.However,theprofessorsneednotworrysomuch.Theresultsofarecentexperimentshowedthatprofessorscanuse31metricstomeasurehowwellstudentsdointhreekeyareas:criticalthinking,writtencommunication,andquantitativeliteracy.Despitethesuccessoftheexperiment,theactualresultsareworrisome,andmostly32earlierstudies.Theorganizersoftheexperimentconcludedthatfarfewerstudentswereachievingathighlevelsoncriticalthinkingthantheyweredoingforwrittencommunicationorquantitativeliteracy.Andthatconclusionisbasedonlyonstudentsnearinggraduation.Americanuniversities,despitetheirglobal33forexcellenceinteaching,haveonlybeguntodemonstratewhattheycanproduceinreal-worldlearning.Knowledge-baseddegreesarestillimportant,butemployersare34advancedthinkingskillsfromcollegegraduates.Iftheintellectualworthofacollegedegreecanbe35measured,morepeoplewillseekhighereducation—andcomeoutbetterthinkers.A)accurately B)confirm C)demanding D)doubtful E)drastically F)justify G)monopolizedH)outcomeI)predominanceJ)presumingK)reputationL)significantM)signifyN)simultaneouslyO)standardizedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,yougoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphwhichtheinformationisderived.maychooseaparagraphthanonce.EachparagraphismarkedwithaAnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThePriceofOilandthePriceofCarbonFossilfuelpricesarelikelytostay"lowforlong".Notwithstandingimportantrecentprogressindevelopingrenewablefuelsources,lowfossilfuelpricescoulddiscouragefurtherinnovationin,andadoptionof,cleanerenergytechnologies.Theresultwouldbehigheremissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases.Policymakersshouldnotallowlowenergypricestoderailthecleanenergytransition.Actiontorestoreappropriatepriceincentives,notablythroughcorrectivecarbonpricing,isurgentlyneededtolowertheriskofirreversibleandpotentiallydevastatingeffectsofclimatechange.Thatapproachalsooffersfiscalbenefits.Oilpriceshavedroppedbyover60%sinceJune2014.Acommonlyheldviewintheoilindustryisthat"thebestcureforlowoilpricesislowoilprices".Thereasoningbehindthissayingisthatlowoilpricesdiscourageinvestmentinnewproductioncapacity,eventuallyshiftingtheoilsupplycurvebackwardandbringingpricesbackupasexistingoilfields—whichcanbetappedatrelativelylowmarginalcost—aredepleted.Infact,inlinewithpastexperience,capitalexpenditureintheoilsectorhasdroppedsharplyinmanyproducingcountries,includingtheUnitedStates.Thedynamicadjustmenttolowoilpricesmay,however,bedifferentthistimearound.Oilpricesareexpectedtoremainlowerforlonger.Theadventofnewtechnologieshasaddedabout4.2millionbarrelsperdaytothecrudeoilmarket,contributingtoaglobalover-supply.Inaddition,otherfactorsareputtingdownwardpressureonoilprices:changeinthestrategicbehavioroftheOrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries,theprojectedincreaseinIranianexports,thescaling-downofglobaldemand(especiallyfromemergingmarkets),thelong-termdropinpetroleumconsumptionintheUnitedStates,andsomedisplacementofoilbysubstitutes.Theselikelypersistentforces,likethegrowthofshale(页岩)oil,pointtoa"lowforlong"scenario.Futuresmarkets,whichshowonlyamodestrecoveryofpricestoaround$60abarrelby2019,supportthisview.Naturalgasandcoal—alsofossilfuels—havesimilarlyseenpricedeclinesthatlooktobelong-lived.Coalandnaturalgasaremainlyusedforelectricitygeneration,whereasoilisusedmostlytopowertransportation,yetthepricesofalltheseenergysourcesarelinked.TheNorthAmericanshalegasboomhasresultedinrecordlowpricesthere.TherecentdiscoveryofthegiantZohrgasfieldofftheEgyptiancoastwilleventuallyhaveimpactonpricingintheMediterraneanregionandEurope,andthereissignificantdevelopmentpotentialinmanyotherplaces,notablyArgentina.Coalpricesalsoarelow,owingtoover-supplyandthescaling-downofdemand,especiallyfromChina,whichbumshalfoftheworld'scoal.Technologicalinnovationshaveunleashedthepowerofrenewablessuchaswind,hydro,solar,andgeothermal(地热).EvenAfricaandtheMiddleEast,hometoeconomiesthatareheavilydependentonfossilfuelexports,haveenormouspotentialtodeveloprenewables.Forexample,theUnitedArabEmirateshasendorsedanambitioustargettodraw24%ofitsprimaryenergyconsumptionfromrenewablesourcesby2021.Progressinthedevelopmentofrenewablescouldbefragile,however,iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforlong.Renewablesaccountforonlyasmallshareofglobalprimaryenergyconsumption,whichisstilldominatedbyfossilfuels—30%eachforcoalandoil,25%fornaturalgas.Butrenewableenergywillhavetodisplacefossilfuelstoamuchgreaterextentinthefuturetoavoidunacceptableclimaterisks.Unfortunately,thecurrentlowpricesforoil,gas,andcoalmayprovidelittleincentiveforresearchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthosefuels.Thereisstrongevidencethatbothinnovationandadoptionofcleanertechnologyarestronglyencouragedbyhigherfossilfuelprices.Thesameistruefornewtechnologiesforalleviatingfossilfuelemissions.Thecurrentlowfossilfuelpriceenvironmentwillthuscertainlydelaytheenergytransitionfromfossilfueltocleanenergysources.Unlessrenewablesbecomecheapenoughthatsubstantialcarbondepositsareleftundergroundforaverylongtime,ifnotforever,theplanetwilllikelybeexposedtopotentiallycatastrophicclimaterisks.Someclimateimpactsmayalreadybediscernible.Forexample,theUnitedNationsChildren'sFundestimatesthatsome11millionchildreninAfricafacehunger,disease,andwatershortagesasaresultofthestrongestElNino(厄尔尼诺weatherphenomenonindecades.ManyscientistsbelievethatElNinoevents,causedbywarminginthePacific,arebecomingmoreintenseasaresultofclimatechange.NationsfromaroundtheworldhavegatheredinParisfortheUnitedNationsClimateChangeConference,COP21,withthegoalofauniversalandpotentiallylegally-bindingagreementonreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Weneedverybroadparticipationtofullyaddresstheglobaltragedythatresultswhencountriesfailtotakeintoaccountthenegativeimpactoftheircarbonemissionsontherestoftheworld.Moreover,non-participationbynations,ifsufficientlywidespread,canunderminethepoliticalwillofparticipatingcountriestoact.ThenationsparticipatingatCOP21arefocusingonquantitativeemissions-reductioncommitments.Economicreasoningshowsthattheleastexpensivewayforeachcountryistoputapriceoncarbonemissions.Thereasonisthatwhencarbonispriced,thoseemissionsreductionsthatareleastcostlytoimplementwillhappenfirst.TheInternationalMonetaryFundcalculatesthatcountriescangeneratesubstantialfiscalrevenuesbyeliminatingfossilfuelsubsidiesandlevyingcarbonchargesthatcapturethedomesticdamagecausedbyemissions.Ataxonupstreamcarbonsourcesisoneeasywaytoputapriceoncarbonemissions,althoughsomecountriesmaywishtouseothermethods,suchasemissionstradingschemes.Inordertomaximizeglobalwelfare,everycountry'scarbonpricingshouldreflectnotonlythepurelydomesticdamagefromemissions,butalsothedamagetoforeigncountries.Settingtherightcarbonpricewillthereforeefficientlyalignthecostspaidbycarbonuserswiththetruesocialopportunitycostofusingcarbon.Byraisingrelativedemandforcleanenergysources,acarbonpricewouldalsohelpalignthemarketreturntoclean-energyinnovationwithitssocialreturn,spurringtherefinementofexistingtechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones.Anditwouldraisethedemandfortechnologiessuchascarboncaptureandstorage,spurringtheirfurtherdevelopment.Ifnotcorrectedbytheappropriatecarbonprice,lowfossilfuelpricesarenotaccuratelysignalingtomarketsthetruesocialprofitabilityofcleanenergy.Whilealternativeestimatesofthedamagefromcarbonemissionsdiffer,andit'sespeciallyhardtoreckonthelikelycostsofpossiblecatastrophicclimateevents,mostestimatessuggestsubstantialnegativeeffects.Directsubsidiestoresearchanddevelopmenthavebeenadoptedbysomegovernmentsbutareapoorsubstituteforacarbonprice:theydoonlypartofthejob,leavinginplacemarketincentivestoover-usefossilfuelsandtherebyaddtothestockofatmosphericgreenhousegaseswithoutregardtothecollateral(附带的)costs.ThehopeisthatthesuccessofCOP21opensthedoortofutureinternationalagreementoncarbonprices.Agreementonaninternationalcarbon-pricefloorwouldbeagoodstartingpointinthatprocess.Failuretoaddresscomprehensivelytheproblemofgreenhousegasemissions,however,exposesallgenerations,presentandfuture,toincalculablerisks.Anumberoffactorsaredrivingdowntheglobaloilpricesnotjustfornowbutintheforeseeablefuture.Pricingcarbonprovesthemosteconomicalwaytoreducegreenhousegasemissions.ItisestimatedthatextremeweatherconditionshaveendangeredthelivesofmillionsofAfricanchildren.Thepricesofcoalarelowasaresultofover-supplyanddecreasingdemand.Higherfossilfuelpricesprovetobeconducivetoinnovationandapplicationofcleanertechnology.Iffossilfuelpricesremainlowforalongtime,itmayleadtohigheremissionsofgreenhousegases.Fossilfuelsremainthemajorsourceofprimaryenergyconsumptionintoday'sworld.Evenmajorfossilexportingcountrieshavegreatpotentialtodeveloprenewableenergies.Greenhousegasemissions,ifnotproperlydealtwith,willposeendlessrisksformankind.Itisurgentforgovernmentstoincreasethecostofusingfossilfuelstoanappropriateleveltolessenthecatastrophiceffectsofclimatechange.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Opendatasharersarestillintheminorityinmanyfields.Althoughmanyresearchersbroadlyagreethatpublicaccesstorawdatawouldacceleratescience,mostarereluctanttoposttheresultsoftheirownlaborsonline.Somecommunitieshaveagreedtoshareonline—geneticists,forexample,postDNAsequencesattheGenBankrepository(库),andastronomersareaccustomedtoaccessingimagesofgalaxiesandstarsfrom,say,theSloanDigitalSkySurvey,atelescopethathasobservedsome500millionobjects—buttheseremaintheexception,nottherule.Historically,scientistshaveobjectedtosharingformanyreasons:itisalotofwork;untilrecently,gooddatabasesdidnotexist;grantfunderswerenotpushingforsharing;ithasbeendifficulttoagreeonstandardsforformattingdata;andthereisnoagreedwaytoassigncreditfordata.Butthebarriersaredisappearing,inpartbecausejournalsandfundingagenciesworldwideareencouragingscientiststomaketheirdatapublic.Lastyear,theRoyalSocietyinLondonsaidinitsreportthatscientistsneedto"shiftawayfromaresearchculturewheredataisviewedasaprivatepreserve".Fundingagenciesnotethatdatapaidforwithpublicmoneyshouldbepublicinformation,andthescientificcommunityisrecognizingthatdatacannowbeshareddigitallyinwaysthatwerenotpossiblebefore.Tomatchthegrowingdemand,servicesarespringinguptomakeiteasiertopublishresearchproductsonlineandenableotherresearcherstodiscoverandcitethem.Althoughcallstosharedataoftenconcentrateonthemoraladvantagesofsharing,thepracticeisnotpurelyaltruistic(利他的).Researcherswhosharegetplentyofpersonalbenefits,includingmoreconnectionswithcolleagues,improvedvisibilityandincreasedcitations.Themostsuccessfulsharers—thosewhosedataaredownloadedandcitedthemostoftengetnoticed,andtheirworkgetsused.Forexample,oneofthemostpopulardatasetsonmultidisciplinaryrepositoryDryadisaboutwooddensityaroundtheworld;ithasbeendownloaded5,700times.Co-authorAmyZannethinksthatusersprobablyrangefromclimate-changeresearcherswantingtoestimatehowmuchcarbonisstoredinbiomass,toforesterslookingforinformationondifferentgradesoftimber."I'dmuchprefertohavemydatausedbythemaximumnumberofpeopletoasktheirownquestions,"shesays."It'simportanttoallowreadersandreviewerstoseeexactlyhowyouarriveatyourresults.Publishingdataandcodeallowsyoursciencetobereproducible."Evenpeoplewhosedataarelesspopularcanbenefit.Bymakingtheefforttoorganizeandlabelfilessootherscanunderstandthem,scientistsbecomemoreorganizedandbetterdisciplinedthemselves,thusavoidingconfusionlateron.Whatdomanyresearchersgenerallyaccept?Itisimperativetoprotectscientists'patents.Repositoriesareessentialtoscientificresearch.Opendatasharingismostimportanttomedicalscience.Opendatasharingisconducivetoscientificadvancement.Whatistheattitudeofmostresearcherstowardsmakingtheirowndatapublic?Opposed.Ambiguous.Liberal.Neutral.Accordingtothepassage,whatmighthinderopendatasharing?Thefearofmassivecopying.Thelackofaresearchculture.Thebeliefthatresearchdataisprivateintellectualproperty.Theconcernthatcertainagenciesmaymakeaprofitoutofit.Whathelpsliftsomeofthebarrierstoopendatasharing?Theever-growingdemandforbigdata.Theadvancementofdigitaltechnology.Thechangingattitudeofjournalsandfunders.Thetrendofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.Dryadservesasanexampletoshowhowopendatasharing .isbecomingincreasinglypopularbenefitssharersandusersalikemakesresearcherssuccessfulsavesbothmoneyandlaborPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Macy'sreporteditssalesplunged5.2%inNovemberandDecemberatstoresopenmorethanayear,adisappointingholidayseasonperformancethatcappedadifficultyearforadepartmentstorechainfacingwide-rangingchallenges.ItsflagshipstoresinmajorU.S.citiesdependheavilyoninternationaltouristspending,whichshrankatmanyretailersduetoastrongdollar.Meanwhile,Macy'shassimplystruggledtolureconsumerswhoaremoreinterestedinspendingontravelordiningoutthanonnewclothesoraccessories.ThecompanyblamedmuchofthepoorperformanceinNovemberandDecemberonunseasonablywarmweather."About80%ofourcompany'syear-over-yeardeclinesincomparablesalescanbeattributedtoshortfalls(短缺)incold-weathergoods,"saidchiefexecutiveTerryLundgreninapressrelease.Thispromptedthecompanytocutitsforecastsforthefullfourthquarter.However,it'sclearthatMacy'sbelievesitstroublesrundeeperthanatemporaryaberration偏离)offthethermometer.Theretailgiantsaidthepoorfinancialperformancethisyearhaspushedittobeginimplementing$400millionincost-cuttingmeasures.Thecompanypledgedtocut600back-officepositions,thoughsome150workersinthoseroleswouldbereassignedtootherjobs.Italsoplanstooffer"voluntaryseparation"packagesto165seniorexecutives.Itwillslashstaffingatitsfleetof770stores,amoveaffectingsome3,000employees.Theretaileralsoannouncedthelocationsof36storesitwillcloseinearly2016.Thecompanyhadpreviouslyannouncedtheplannedclosures,b