2020-2021学年新教材高中英语Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod2课时素养检测含解析新人教版必修第三册

PAGEUnit4SpaceExploration课时素养检测十四Unit4Period2Ⅰ.阅读理解AChina’sfirstastronaut38-year-oldYangLiweireturnedsafelytoearthThursdaymorning,whenhiscraftShenzhou5toucheddownasscheduledaftermorethan21hoursintheearth’sorbit.ChinesepremierWenJiabaocalledthelandmarkdebutflighta“completesuccess”.Thedescentcapsule(返回舱)carryingLt.Col.YangLiweitoucheddownonthegrasslandsoftheGobiDesert,incentralInnerMongoliaat6:23amThursday(BeijingTime),theBeijing-basedChina’sAerospaceCommandandControlCentresaid.Minuteslater,Yanggrabbedthecapsulehatchwithhishand,pulledhimselfout,smiledandwavedatrecoveryteamsandreporters.“Itisasplendidmomentinthehistoryofmymotherlandandalsothegreatestdayofmylife,”Yang,aformerfighterpilotfromNortheastChina’sLiaoningProvince,saidimmediatelyafteremerging.InaninterviewwithCCTV,China’sstatetelevision,Yangsaidhewas“feelingexcellent”.Shenzhou5landedatdawn,4.8kilometres(3miles)fromitsdesignedlandingtarget,theofficialssaid.“Thespaceshipoperatedwell,”theastronautYangLiweisaidinhisfirstpublicizedcomments.“IfeelverygoodandIamproudofmymotherland.”Afteraphysicalexamonthespot,Yang’sconditionwasfoundas“good”.LiJinai,thecommanderofChina’smannedspaceprogram,calledYanga“spacehero”anda“nationalhero”.FollowingYang’stouchdown,China’spremierWenJiabaoimmediatelyspoketoYangfromBeijing’scommandandcontrolcentreandofferedhiscongratulations.Withinhours,Chinesespaceofficialsannouncedthatthecountry’sspacedreamswillcontinuewitha“Shenzhou6”mission,mostpossiblywithinayear.TheysaidChinaalsohadworkedoutplanstoconductspacewalkingbyitsastronauts,andeventuallywouldbuildupaspacestation.However,Chinesescientistsruledoutbuildingaspaceshuttle,liketheUnitedStates.Yang’sflightcamefourdecadesaftertheformerSovietUnionandtheUnitedStatespioneeredmannedspaceflight.SovietcosmonautYuriGagarinorbitedtheEarthinApril1961.Onemonthlater,theUnitedStateslaunchedAlanB.ShepardJr.【语篇概述】本文介绍了中国首次载人航天飞行的情况。1.WhatistrueofthefirstChineseastronautYangLiwei?A.Heisnowafighterpilot.B.Hewashelpedtogetoutofthedescentcapsule.C.Hespentnearlyadayinspace.D.Hewascalleda“spacehero”anda“nationalhero”byChina’spremierWenJiabao.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的aftermorethan21hoursintheearth’sorbit可知,C项正确。2.Chinawillcarryoutthefollowingspaceprogramsinthenearfutureexcept______.

A.spacewalkingB.settingupaspacestationC.buildingupaspaceshuttleD.sendingup“Shenzhou6”【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段中的Chinesescientistsruledoutbuildingaspaceshuttle可以知道,中国在近期不打算建航天飞机。其中的ruledout意为“排除,取消”。3.Theunderlinedword“debut”means______.

A.firstpublicappearanceB.spaceC.carryingpersonD.spaceship【解析】选A。词义猜测题。从短文中我们知道,这是中国第一次载人航天飞行,由此可推测出,debut为“首次亮相”之意。4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.SovietcosmonautYuriGagarinwasthefirstmanintheworldtotravelinspace.B.theUnitedStateslaunchedAlanB.ShepardJr.in1961.C.Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworldtocarryoutthemannedspaceflightsuccessfully.D.“Shenzhou6”willcarrymorethanoneastronautinthemission.【解析】选D。推理判断题。选项A、B、C在短文中均有提及。D没有提到。BAnexcitinglandingprocessofChang’e-4lunarprobe(月球探测器)wasseenthroughthemonitoratBeijingAerospaceControlCentreinBeijing,Jan.3,2019.Ittoucheddownonthefarsideofthemoonat10:26a.m.BeijingTime,becomingthefirstspacecraftsoft-landingonthemoon’sunknownsidenevervisiblefromEarth.China’sChang’e-4probehasstartedtheexplorationonthefarsideofthemoonthankstotherelaysatellitethatprovidesacommunicationlinkwithgroundcontrol.Therelaysatellite,namedQueqiao,meaningMagpieBridge,afteraChineselegend(传说),waslaunchedonMay21,2018,andbecamethefirstcommunicationsatelliteoperatinginthehaloorbit,nearly500,000kmfromtheearth.Itcanalsoprovidecommunicationforprobesfromothercountries.Therelaysatellitewillalsobeusedforscientificandtechnologicalexperiments.ThemaximumdistancebetweenthesatelliteandtheChang’e-4probeonthefarsideofthemoonis79,000km.ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.Thesatellitecanstayinitsorbitforalongtimeduetoitsrelativelylowfuelconsumption,astheearth’sandmoon’sgravitybalancesitsorbitalmoving.Whileinorbit,itcan“see”boththeearthandthefarsideofthemoon.TheconceptofusingarelaysatelliteinthehaloorbitwasfirstputforwardbyU.S.spaceexpertsinthe1960s,butwasrealizedbyChinesespaceengineers.Researchershopetousethecamerasonthesatellitetorecordasteroids(小行星)hittingthefarsideofthemoon.TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.Topromotepublicinterestinspaceexploration,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationinvitedpeopletowritedowntheirwishesforlunarandspaceexploration,andtherelaysatellitecarriesthenamesoftensofthousandsofparticipantsandtheirmessages.【语篇概述】这是一篇应用文。文章报道了北京时间2019年1月3日10时26分,我国嫦娥四号探测器成功登陆月球背面,并通过“鹊桥”中继卫星传回了世界第一张近距离拍摄的月背影像图。5.Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.TherelaysatellitewaslaunchedonJan.3,2019.B.Chang’e-4probewasthefirstcommunicationsatellite.C.Therelaysatelliteonlyexploresthefarsideofthemoon.D.TherelaysatellitecanhandledatafromChang’e-4probe.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第二段的“ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.”可知,中继卫星可以处理来自嫦娥四号探测器的数据。故选D。6.Whywasthesizeoftherelaysatelliterelativelysmall?A.Toreducethecostasmuchaspossible.B.TomakeitcircleMoonforalongertime.C.Toavoidbeingcrashedbyothersatellites.D.TofollowAmericanspaceexperts’advice.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“TocontrolthecostoftheChang’e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.”可知,中继卫星的尺寸相对较小是为了节约成本,故选A。7.Whatmaderesearcherssufferfromgreatstress?A.Fewpeopleinterestedintheexplorationonthemoon.B.Therelaysatellitecarryingtoomuchequipment.C.Theirlackingenoughtimetodeveloptherelaysatellite.D.People’sneverbeingoptimisticabouttherelaysatellite.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.”可知,研究者们压力很大是因为他们只有30个月的时间开发这种卫星,即缺乏时间,故选C。8.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.ChinaisanewspacepoweraftertheUSA.B.Chang’e-4probelandsonMoon’sfarside.C.Chinesespaceengineersmakemuchprogress.D.Spaceexplorationisadangerouschallenge.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章主要报道了嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆。故选B。Ⅱ.完形填空Astheplanecircledovertheairport,everyonesensedthatsomethingwaswrong.Theplanewasmovingunsteadilythroughtheair,and1thepassengershadfastenedtheirseatbelts,theyweresuddenly2forward.Atthatmoment,theair-hostess3.Shelookedverypale,butwasquite4.Speakingquicklybutalmostinawhisper,she5everyonethatthepilothad6andaskedifanyofthepassengersknewanythingaboutmachinesorat7howtodriveacar.Afteramomentof8,amangotupandfollowedthehostessintothepilot’scabin.Movingthepilotaside,themantookhisseatandlistenedcarefullytothe9instructionsthatwerebeingsentbyradiofromtheairportbelow.Theplanewasnowdangerouslyclose10theground,buttoeveryone’s11,itsoonbegantoclimb.Themanhadto12theairportseveraltimesinordertobecome13withthecontrolsoftheplane.Butthedangerhadnotyetpassed.Theterriblemomentcamewhenhehadtoland.Following14,themanguidedtheplanetowardtheairfield.Itshookviolently15ittouchedthegroundandthenmovedrapidlyalongtherunwayandafteralongrunitstoppedsafely.

【语篇概述】本文为记叙文,讲述了飞机在飞行中飞行员突然晕倒,危急时刻一位乘客帮助人们化险为夷的故事。1.A.althoughB.whileC.thereforeD.then【解析】选A。句意:尽管乘客们都已经系好安全带,他们还是被突然向前抛去。although“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,符合句意。2.A.shifted B.thrown C.put D.moved【解析】选B。根据上题解析,throw“扔、抛”符合句意。shift“转移”;put“安置”;move“移动”。3.A.showed B.presented C.exposed D.appeared【解析】选D。此处表示出现这种情况后,女乘务员出现了。show“展示、表明”;present“呈现、陈述”,及物动词;expose“暴露”。appear“出现”,符合句意。4.A.well B.still C.calm D.quiet【解析】选C。出现飞机不平稳的情况,乘务员表现出的是镇静,所以calm符合句意。5.A.inquired B.insured C.informed D.instructed【解析】选C。根据上文出现飞机不平稳的情况,乘务员出来是告知每个人发生了什么情况。inform“通知、告诉”;inquire“询问”;insure“投保”,常与against连用;instruct“指示,命令”。6.A.fallen B.failed C.faded D.fainted【解析】选D。根据下文可知此处是说飞行员出现了状况,需要找人替他驾驶飞机。faint“昏迷、晕倒”,符合句意。7.A.best B.least C.length D.first【解析】选B。根据前文可知询问乘客是否了解机器,至少知道如何开车。atbest“最多、至多”;atleast“至少”;atlength“详细地”;atfirst“开始、最先”。atleast符合句意。8.A.hesitation B.surprise C.doubt D.delay【解析】选A。根据上下文可知这个人犹豫了片刻才跟着乘务员进了驾驶舱。所以选hesitation“犹豫”。9.A.patient B.anxious C.urgent D.nervous【解析】选C。这个人坐到飞行员的座位上,认真听着下面机场通过无线电发出的紧急指令。patient“耐心的”;anxious“焦急的”;nervous“紧张的”。urgent“紧急的”,符合句意。10.A.to B.by C.near D.on【解析】选A。close与介词to连用,意为“接近、靠近”。11.A.horror B.trust C.pleasure D.relief【解析】选D。根据itsoonbegantoclimb可知情况好转,大家松了一口气。toone’srelief意为“让某人松了一口气”,符合句意。12.A.surround B.circle C.observe D.view【解析】选B。此处表示飞机在空中盘旋了几次。surround“包围”;circle“盘旋”;observe“观察”;view“认为”。所以选B。13.A.intimate B.familiar C.understood D.close【解析】选B。此处表示为了熟练操控飞机,这个人驾驶飞机在空中盘旋了几次。befamiliarwith为固定搭配,意为“熟悉”。所以选B。14.A.impression B.informationC.inspections D.instructions【解析】选D。following...的逻辑主语应为theman,本句意思是这个人遵照指令,驾驶飞机朝飞机场飞去。impression“印象”;information“消息”;inspection“视察”;instruction“指令”。15.A.as B.unless C.while D.so【解析】选A。本句意为当飞机接触地面的时候,机身剧烈地摇晃。as“当……的时候”,符合句意。while引导时间状语从句,谓语动词应用进行时。【技法导练】阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、主旨大意题有两种题型,归纳标题题和概括大意题,在设题时常会用到title,subject,mainidea,topic,theme等词。1.归纳标题题常见命题形式有:What’sthebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?2.概括大意题常见命题形式有:What’sthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?二、对于这类题型,抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。一般而言,以演绎法撰写的文章,主题句往往在文章的开头,即先点出主题,然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ForsomeUScollegestudents,abreakfromschoolisatimetovolunteer1.__________(help)communitiesinneed.Theytakepartinactivities2.__________(organize)byschooltodovoluntarywork.

Thisspringbreak,Ihadtheopportunitytogoononeofthesetrips,anditwasthe3.__________(good)weekofmyentirelife.IwentwithtwelveotherstudentsandtwoadultsdowntoRockyMount,NorthCarolinaintheUS.Weworkedonthreehouses,4.(build)roofs,painting,anddecorating.

Itwasveryrewardingtoseehow