新标准大学英语四UNIT1

Morethan650,000studentsleftuniversitythissummerandmanyhavenoideaaboutthewaytogetajob.Howtoughshouldaparentbetogalvanizetheminthesefinancially

fraughttimes?Text1/1231

InJuly,youlookedonasyourhandsome21-year-oldson,dressedingownandmortarboard,proudlyclutchedhishonoursdegreeforhisgraduationphoto.Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgototheoddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.Text2/1232

Asthesummerbreakcomestoacloseandstudentsacrossthecountryprepareforthestartofanewterm,youfindthatyourgraduatesonisstillspendinghisdaysslumpedinfrontofthetelevision,brokenonlybytexting,Facebookandvisitstothepub.ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.Willheevergetajob?Text3/1233

Thisisthescenariofacingthousandsoffamilies.Morethan650,000studentsleftuniversitythissummerandmostinthesefinanciallytestingtimeshavenoideawhattodonext.Parentsreverttonagging;sonsanddaughtersbecomerebelswithoutacause,awarethattheyneedtogetajob,butnotsurehow.Text4/1234

JackGoodwin,fromMiddlesex,graduatedwitha2:1inpoliticsfromNottinghamthissummer.Hewalkedintotheuniversitycareersserviceandstraightbackoutagain;therewasabigqueue.Helivedwithfiveotherboysallofwhomdidthesame.

Therewasnopressuretofindajob,eventhoughmostofthegirlsheknewhadaclearerplan.Text5/1235

"Iappliedforajobasapoliticalresearcher,butgotturneddown,"hesays."Theywerepaying£18,000,whichdoesn'tbuyyoumuchmorethanatinofbeansafterrent,buttheywantedpeoplewithexperienceormaster'sdegrees.ThenIappliedfortheCivilServicefaststream.Ipassedtheexam,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing'toodetached'andtalkinginlanguagethatwas'tootechnocratic',whichIdidn'tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis."Text6/1236

Sincethenhehasspentthesummer"hiding".HecanrecountseveralepisodesofTrafficCopsandhasseenmoredaytimetelevisionthanishealthy.Hetalkstohisfriendsabouthisaimlessdaysandfindsthatmostareinthesameboat.Onehasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents.Fortherestitis9-to-5"chilling"beforeheadingtothepub.Text7/123

Sohowaboutworkingbehindthebar,topayforthosedrinks?"Idon'twanttodobarwork.IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity,whereIworkedreallyhardtogetagooddegree,"hesays."NowI'mbackatthesamestageasthosefriendswhodidn'tgotouniatall,whoarepullingpintsanddoingdead-endjobs.IfeelthatI'vecomefullcircle."Text8/1237

JacquelineGoodwin,hismother,defendshim.Sheinsiststhathehastriedtogetajob,buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickytoadvisehimonhowtoproceed.

"Ihavealwayshadtowork,"shesays."It'sdifficultbecausewhenyouhaveadegree,itopensnewdoorsforyou,oryou'dliketothinkthatitdoes."Text9/1238

Althoughsheistakingasoftlinewithhersonatthemoment,sheisclearthatafteranupcomingthree-weektriptoSouthAmerica,hisholidayfromworkwillhavetoend.Hemayevenhavetopayrentandcontributetothehouseholdbills.9

"They'vegottogrowupatsomepoint.We'vefinishedpayingforuniversity,soalittlebitofhelpbackisgood,"shesays."TheSouthAmericatripisthecutoffpoint.Whenhecomesbackthere'llbeChristmasworkifnothingelse."Text10/12310

GaelLindenfield,apsychotherapistandtheauthorofTheEmotionalHealingStrategy,saysthattheGoodwinparentshavestruckexactlytherightnote.Thetransitionfromuniversitytoajobistoughforparentsandchildren:Cruciallytheymustbalancebeingpositiveandunderstandingwithnotmakinglifetoocomfortablefortheiroffspring.Text11/12311

"Themainjobfortheparentsistobetherebecauseiftheystartadvisingthemwhattodo,thatiswhentheconflictstarts.Ifyouhavecontacts,byallmeansusethose,"shesays."Butalotofparentsgettoosoft.Putlimitsonhowmuchmoneyyougivethem,askthemtopayrentorcontributetothecareofthehouseorthepets.Carryonlifeasnormalanddon'tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyourreservesofemotionalenergy."Text12/12312

Payingforcareerconsultations,trainfarestointerviewsorbooksaregoodthings;beingtoopushyisnot.Butwhileparentsshouldbewaryofbecomingtoosoft,Lindenfieldadvisesthemtotread

sympatheticallyafterajobsetbackforafewdaysorevenweeks–dependingonthescaleoftheknock.Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.Text13/12313

Boysaremorelikelytogetstuckathome.Lindenfieldbelievesthatmenareoftenbetterathelpingtheirsons,nephews,orfriends'sonsthanaremothersandsisters.Menhaveadifferentwayofhandlingsetbacksthanwomen,shesays,sotheyneedthemalepresencetotalkitthrough.Text14/12314

Asforbarwork,sheisapassionateadvocate:It'sagreatantidotetograduateapathy.Itjustdependsonhowyouapproachit.Lindenfield,whofoundherfirstjobasanaerial

photographicassistantthroughbarwork,saysitisagreatnetworkingopportunityandcertainlymorelikelytogetyouajobthanlounginginfrontoftheTV.Text15/12315

"Thesamegoesforshelf-stacking.Youwillbespottedifyou'regoodatit.Ifyou'rebrightandcheerfulandarepolitetothecustomers,you'llsoongetmovedon.Sothinkofitasanopportunity;peoplewhoaresuccessfulinthelongrunhaveoftengotshelf-stackingstories,"shesays.Text16/12316

YoursonordaughtermaynotwanttofollowHollywoodstarssuchasWhoopiGoldbergintoapplyingmake-uptocorpsesinamortuary,orguardingnuclearpowerplantslikeBruceWillis,butevenBradPitthadtostandoutsideElPolloLocorestaurantchaininagiantchickensuitatonetimeinhislife.Noneofthemappearsthepoorerfortheseexperiences.Text17/123大学毕业找工作第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦

今年夏天，超出65万大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。在当今金融危机背景下，做父母该怎样激励他们？Text18/1231

七月，你看着英俊21岁儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶然参加聚会记忆开始消退。但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱问题。Text19/1232

等到暑假快要结束，全国各地学生正在为新学期做准备时候，你却发觉大学毕业儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。除此之外，他只是偶然发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。这位属于“千禧一代”年青人一夜之间变成了“埋怨一代”组员。他能找到工作吗？Text20/1233

这就是成千上万家庭所面临情况：今年夏天，65万多大学生毕业，在当今金融危机背景下，他们中大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道怎样去找。Text21/1234

来自米德尔塞克斯郡杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，取得二级一等荣誉学士学位。他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。跟他一起住另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。找工作压力不大，即使他所认识大多数女生都有更明确计划。Text22/1235

他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。他们给年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位人。然后我又申请参加紧速晋升人才培养计划，并经过了笔试。但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像教授政治论者’。我以为自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样。”Text23/1236

打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中若干片段。他白天看电视时间太长，已经到了影响健康地步。跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标日子时，他才发觉他们处境和自己一样。其中一位朋友在父母强迫下去超市上货，其余则都是朝九晚五地“无所事事”，晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间。Text24/123

要么，干脆就在酒吧工作？这么还能够挣些酒钱。“我不想在酒吧工作。我上是综合学校，我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学。到了大学，我又埋头苦读，才取得一个好学位。可现在我却跟那些没上过大学做无聊酒吧侍应朋友处于同一个水平线上。我以为自己好像兜了一圈，又回到了原来起点。”Text25/1237

他母亲杰奎琳·古德温替他辩护。她坚持认为她儿子已经尽力了。因为她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作，所以她和她丈夫发觉，提议儿子怎样继续找工作是件很棘手事情。她说，“我一直都不得不工作。而现在年青人极难做到这一点，因为假如你有了学位，学位就会为你提供新机会，最少你自己会这么想。”Text26/1238

即使现在她对儿子态度还比较温和，不过她心里很清楚，去南美度三星期假之后，他休假就该结束了。他可能还得付房租，并分担家庭开支。9

她说，“在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人。我们已经帮他交了大学学费，所以他也该给我们一点点回报了。南美度假就是一个分水岭，他回来以后假如找不到工作，那就圣诞节打零工好了。”Text27/12310

心理治疗师盖尔·林登费尔德是《情感康复策略》作者。她说古德温夫妇做法是很恰当。从大学到工作转换对父母和孩子来说都很艰难，关键是父母要在支持了解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间找到一个平衡点。Text28/12311

“父母主要任务就是支持孩子，假如他们教诲孩子该怎样做，那么就会引发矛盾，假如有熟人，一定要找他们想方法。”她说。“但很多父母心太软了。必须限制孩子零花钱，要求他们交房租，或分担日常生活或养宠物开销。父母要维持正常生活，不要让孩子随便用你们银行账户或者榨干你们情感能量。”Text29/12312

为孩子支付职业咨询费、面试交通费及书费是好事，但不能催得太紧。林登费尔德提议：虽说父母不能太宽容，不过假如孩子找工作碰到了挫折，父母应该体谅他们，宽容他们几天甚至几周——这取决于他们受打击程度。等他们缓过来之后，父母就该果断要求孩子继续求职。Text30/12313

男孩更轻易窝在家里。林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更轻易帮助儿子、侄子或朋友儿子。她说，因为男人和女人处理挫折方式不一样，所以男孩需要跟男人谈话才能度过难关。Text31/12314

林登费尔德强烈支持去酒吧打工：那是克服毕业冷漠症一剂良方。这工作好不好要取决于你怎样对待它。就是在酒吧打工时候，林登费尔德找到了她第一份当航拍助手工作。她说在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系绝好机会，必定比赖在家里看电视更轻易找到工作。Text32/12315

她说：“在超市上货也一样。假如干得好，你就会被人发觉。假如你聪明、活泼，礼貌待客，你很快就会升职。所以，把它看作是机会。那些最终成功人士很多都有在超市上货经历。”Text33/12316

你儿女可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过活，比如像乌比·戈德堡那样去停尸房给死人化装，或者像布鲁斯·威利斯那样在核电站当警卫，但即便是布拉德·皮特也曾经不得不穿上宽大小鸡模样服装站在快餐连锁店ElPolloLoco

门口招揽生意。他们中没有一个人因为这些经历而变得愈加穷困。Text34/123Words&PhrasesgalvanizefinanciallyfraughtmortarboardclutchgraduationslumprecounttechnocraticdetachedtheCivilServicenagreverttestingproceedtrickydead-endunibacksidecomprehensivechillscionmorphgruntaimlessdaytimecoppsychotherapistcutoffupcoming35/123Words&Phraseshealtransitionsapconsultationpushysympatheticallynudgemortuarycorpsephotographicaerialapathysaddleadvocateantidote36/123Words&Phraseslookonforkoutturndowninthesameboatpullpintscomefullcircletakeasoft/hardlinegoforsb./sth.talkthroughifnothingelsestriketherightnotebyallmeans37/123Words&PhrasesJackGoodwin杰克·古德温（人名）MiddlesexNottinghamJacquelineGoodwin杰奎琳·古德温（人名）GaelLindenfieldWhoopiGoldbergBruceWillisBradPittElPolloLoco38/123galvanize

vt.

shockoraffectsomeoneenoughtoproduceastrongandimmediatereaction使振奋；刺激；使（某人）震惊或激动（并采取行动）e.g.1.Hisspeechyesterdaygalvanizedmanyworkersintoaction.他昨天演讲激励不少工人行动起来了。2.Herlovegalvanizedhimintoyouth.

她爱使他焕发了青春活力。Wordfamily:galvanization

n.

Words&Phrases39/123financially

ad.

fromafinancialpointofview财政上；金融上e.g.1.HesaysUSoptionswillbelimitedintheyearsaheadbecausethecountryisoverextendedmilitarilyandfinancially.

他表示，因为美国近年来在军事和财政上过分支出，美国选择其实有限。

2.Olderparentsareoftenbetterpreparedfinancially.（CET4-06-06）Wordfamily:financial

a.

involvingmoney财政；金融e.g.Thecompanywasindeepfinancialdifficulties.

该企业陷入了严重财务困难。Words&Phrases

年纪大一些父母经常会多准备一些钱。40/123fraught

a.

veryworriedandwithalotofproblems忧虑；焦虑不安e.g.1.Afterhisspeech,therewasafraughtsilence.他讲话后，出现了一阵令人焦虑不安缄默。2.Shesoundedabitfraught.她听上去有点儿忧心忡忡。Words&Phrases41/123mortarboard

n.[C]

ahatwithastiffsquaretop,wornasasignofacademicachievement.Mortarboardsweretraditionallywornbyteachers

学位帽；方顶帽Words&PhrasesThesquareacademiccap,oftencalledamortarboard(becauseofitssimilarityinappearancetothehawkusedbybricklayerstoholdmortar),isanitemofacademicheaddressconsistingofahorizontalsquareboardfixeduponaskull-cap,withatasselattachedtothecenter.42/123clutch

vt.

holdsomeoneorsth.firmly紧抓；紧握e.g.1.Themotherclutchedherbabyinherarms.

母亲紧紧地把婴儿抱在怀里。2.Hefelthimselfslippingandclutchedatabranch.

他感觉自己要滑倒就抓住了一根树枝。3.Heclutchedattheropewethrewtohim.他紧紧抓住我们扔给他绳子。Words&Phrases43/123graduation

1)n.[U]theactofreceivingadegreeorotherqualificationafterfinishingyourstudiesatacollegeoruniversity（大学）毕业e.g.1.Shemanagedtofindajobimmediatelyaftergraduation.

她刚毕业就找到了一份工作。2)n.[C]aceremonyatwhichyouaregivenadegreeorotherqualification毕业仪式e.g.Hehasjustattendedhisdaughter’sgraduation.

他刚才参加了女儿毕业仪式。Wordfamily:graduate

v.

Words&Phrases44/123slump

1)vt.causetofallorbenddown使倒下；使弯垂e.g.Heslumpedhislankyframeinaneasychair.他那瘦长身躯一下子倒在安乐椅里。2.Hewasslumpedsidewaysinaneasyattitude.他蜷着身子，随意地斜靠着。beslumpedin/oversth.i.e.

besittingstillinapositionthatisnotuprighte.g.

IspenttheeveningslumpedinfrontoftheTV.我一晚上都蜷着身子坐在电视机前。2.Thefoundhimslumpedoverthewheelofhiscar.

他们发觉他趴在车子方向盘上。Words&Phrases45/123slump

vi.

1)sit,lean,orfallheavilyandlimply,esp.withabentback（沉重无力地）坐下（或倚下、倒下）；垂头弯腰地坐着e.g.1.Sheslumpedagainstthecushions.

她无力地靠在沙发垫上。2.Isawherslumpagainstthewall.我看见她无力地靠在墙上。2)besuddenlyreducedtoamuchlowerlevel暴跌；剧降e.g.

Whatcausedthepriceofironstoslump?钢铁价格暴跌是什么原因?Words&Phrases46/123scion

n.[C]（literary）ayoungmemberofarichorimportantfamily

（名门望族）子孙，后代e.g.1.Fortwasascionofawealthystock.

福特是个富家子弟。2.BakeristhescionofoneofHouston'smostdistinguishedfamilies.贝克是休斯敦一个名门望族后代。Words&Phrases47/123morph

v.

graduallychangeoneimageintoanotherusingcomputertechnology,orbechangedinthisway转变；用计算机技术变换（图像）e.g.1.Thecomputerprogrammermorphedtheimage.

计算机程序员用计算机技术改变了图像。2.Inthevideo,MichaelJacksonmorphedintoapanther.

视频中迈克尔·杰克逊变成了豹。Words&Phrases48/123grunt

1)n.[C]ashortlowsoundmadebyapersontoindicatedisgust,approvalordisapproval（表示厌恶、不满等）咕哝声，嘟哝声e.g.1.Hegaveagrunttoshowhisdisapproval.

他嘟哝一声表示不满。2.Heansweredthequestionwithboorishgrunt.

他粗鲁地嘟哝着回答下列问题。2)v.

saysth.usinglowshortsounds,especiallywhenonedoesnotwanttotalk

咕哝着说e.g.Shegruntedsomeincomprehensiblereply.她咕噜着回答了些令人费解话。Words&Phrases49/123testing

a.

difficulttodealwith难对付；棘手e.g.

1.Hedidn’tknowhowtodealwiththedifficultandtestingproblem.

他不知道怎样处理这极棘手难题。2.Thatwasreallyatestingsituation.

那可真是伤脑筋局势。Words&Phrases50/123revert

v.

(~to)returntoapreviousstateorwayofbehaving,oftenonethatisnotgood恢复到（原状或原来行为方式）e.g.1.Ifyoureverttoyouroldeatinghabits,you’llgainweightagain.

假如你恢复以前饮食习惯，你又会发胖。2.Herevertstodrinkingagain.

他又开始喝酒了。2.Afterthesettlersleft,thearearevertedtodesert.

早期移民离开之后，这个地域又变成了一片沙漠。Words&Phrases51/123nag

v.

frequentlyasksomeonetodosth.thattheydonotwanttodo唠叨；对……纠缠不休e.g.1.Hisparentskeepnagginghimtodosomethinginsteadofstayingathomeallday.

他父母不停地对他唠叨，让他做点事情，而不是整天待在家里。2.Shenaggedhimintodoingwhatshewanted.她向他唠叨，使他不得不去做她要他做事。3.Shenaggedhimtodeath.她唠叨得把他烦死了。Words&Phrases52/123theCivilService

n.[sing]acountry’sgovernmentdepartmentsandthepeoplewhoworkinthem（一国政府）行政机关，全体公务员e.g.

1.TherearefewwomenintheupperreachesoftheCivilService.行政部门上层机构中极少有女性任职。2.HeusedhisinfluentialfriendstohelphimgetintotheCivilServicebythebackdoor.

他利用那些有权有势朋友帮助他走后门，到政府行政部门任职。civilservant

公务员

Words&Phrases53/123detached

a.

notfeelinginvolvedwithsomeoneorsth.inacloseoremotionalway冷淡；超然e.g.1.Shehadadetachedexpressiononherface.

她一脸冷淡。2.Throughalltheargumentsamongothercommitteemembers,shekeptadetachedattitude.

在其它委员会组员辩论时，她一直保持超然态度。Words&Phrases54/123technocratica.

技术教授政治论；技术教授治国论e.g.Theycallthis“posttotalitariantechnocraticnewauthoritarianregime”.

他们称之为“后全能主义型技术教授治国型新权威主义体制”。

Wordfamily:

technocrat

n.anexponentoradvocateoftechnocracy

技术教授政治论者，技术教授治国论者e.g.anewgovernmentledbyatechnocrat在教授政治论者领导下新政府Words&Phrases55/123recount

vt.(fml)

saywhathappened叙述e.g.1.Herecountedtoushischildhoodadventures.他向我们讲述了他孩提时代种种历险。2.Thestoryofhislifeisvividlyrecountedinthisnewbook.这本新书生动地描述了他一生。Words&Phrases56/123cop

n.[C](infml)

apoliceofficer

警察e.g.1.Icalledthecopstocometogethim.我报了警，让警察来抓他。

2.TrafficCopsisaUKtelevisiondocumentaryseriesabouttrafficpolice.

《交通警察》是英国一部关于交警纪录片电视剧。Words&Phrases57/123daytime

n.[U]

theperiodoftimeduringthedaywhenitislightoutside白天；日间e.g.1.Batssleepinthedaytimeandcomeouttohuntforfoodatnight.蝙蝠白天睡觉，夜间出来觅食。2.Henevergoesoutinthedaytime.

他白天从来不出去。Antonym:nighttimeWords&Phrases58/123aimless

a.

withoutanyparticularpurposeorplan无目标e.g.1.Shesaidthatherlifeseemedaimless.她说她生活好像没有目标。2.Heledanaimlesslifeallhislife.

他一辈子浑浑噩噩。Wordfamily:aimlessly

ad.

aimlessness

n.

Words&Phrases59/123chillvi.

passtimewithoutaparticularaimorpurpose,esp.withotherpeople;relaxcompletely

消磨时光；放松e.g.1.Ispentmostoftheweekendchillingoutatmyfriend'shouse.我这个周末大部份时间都在朋友家悠闲地度过。2.Chillout!We’llgetthereontime!别担心！我们会按时赶到！3.I'mreadytochillfortherestofthemorning.我打算今天早上剩下时间好好玩一玩，放松放松！Words&Phrases60/123comprehensive1)n.[C]

aUKschoolforstudentsofdifferentlevelsofabilitybetweentheagesof11and18（英）综合学校e.g.Hewaseducatedatthelocalcomprehensive.

他在当地一家综合学校接收教育。2)

a.

includingmanydetailsoraspectsofsth.综合；多方面e.g.1.Hehasacomprehensiveknowledge.他知识渊博。2.Thisserviceisoftenfelttobetoocomprehensiveandtooexpensive.

人们经常感到这种服务内容太多，索价太高。Words&Phrases61/123backside

n.[C](infml)

aperson’sbuttocks

屁股e.g.1.Helandedonhisbackside.

他一屁股坐了下来。2.Hefellflatonhisbackside.

他一屁股跌在地上。Words&Phrases62/123unin.[C](BrE,spoken)

(pl.unis)university

大学e.g.1.HegraduatedfromYaleUniin1965.

他1965年毕业于耶鲁大学。2.SheisastudentattheUniofCambridge.

她是剑桥大学学生。Words&Phrases63/123dead-end

a.

closedattheend,leadingnowhere;havingnopossibilitiesforadvancement,promotion,etc.没有出路；没有前途e.g.1.Heisadead-endkid.

他是一个没有前途孩子。2.Itisadead-endjob;Ijustworkinthestoresandthere'sabsolutelynoprospectofpromotion.

我工作没有前途，我只是在仓库工作，因而绝对没有晋升指望。

Words&Phrases64/123tricky

a.

difficulttodo;difficulttodealwith难处理；棘手e.g.1.That’satrickyquestionbecausetherearemanythingstoconsider.

那个问题很棘手，因为有很多事要考虑。2.I'minarathertrickyposition;canyouhelpmeout?

我处境很棘手，你能帮我吗？3.Thesuddendropinsharepriceshassetthegovernmentatrickyproblem.

股票价格突然下跌给政府出了一个难题。

Words&Phrases65/123proceedvi.

continuedoing,usuallysth.thatonemighthavestoppeddoing继续做某事e.g.1.Theywillproceedtobuildanotherlaboratorybuilding.他们将着手建造另一座试验大楼。2.Shedecidednottoproceedwiththetreatment.

她决定不再继续接收治疗了。Words&Phrases66/123upcoming

a.

forthcoming;abouttohappen即未降临；即将发生e.g.1.Theyhavemadegoodpreparationfortheupcomingelections.

他们已经为即将到来选举作好了准备。2.Weshallbeattendingtheupcomingconcert.

我们要去听即将上演音乐会。Words&Phrases67/123cutoff

1)

n.[C]

alevelorlimitatwhichsth.stops截止点；停顿点e.g.6p.m.isthecutoffforcheckingout.

下午六点是结账期限。2)a.oforconstitutingalimit

界限，分界1.Themachinewillstopwhenitreachesitscutoffpoint.

机器到达断流点时会停下来。2.ThecutoffdateforticketpurchasesisJuly2.七月二号是购票截止日期。Words&Phrases68/123psychotherapist

n.[C]

someonewhoistrainedtotreatpeoplewithamentalillnessbytalkingtothemratherthanbygivingthemdrugs精神治疗医生；心理治疗医生

e.g.Forthe71-year-oldpsychotherapist,searchingforadonorovertheInternetisanewexperience,.

对于这位71岁心理治疗学家来说，借助互联网寻找捐赠者还是头一遭。Wordfamily:

psychotherapy

n.

thetreatmentthatapsychotherapistprovides精神疗法；心理疗法Words&Phrases69/123heal

v.

1)ifanemotionalproblemheals,orifsth.healsit,onebecomeshappyagain（感情问题）（被）消除，（被）化解e.g.1.Sherealizedthatthepainofherlosshadnevertrulyhealed.

她意识到失败痛苦没有真正消除。2.Thelongtalkhealedmanyofourdifferences.

那次长谈消除了我们许多分歧。3.Theriftbetweenthemwasneverreallyhealed.

他们之间嫌隙从来没有真正化解过。Words&Phrases70/1232)becomesoundorhealthyagain（使）愈合；治愈1.Thesurgeonhealedthesoldier'sbulletwoundintheleg.

医生治好了那位士兵腿部枪伤。2.Thewoundhasnotyethealed.

伤口还未愈合。3.Themedicineandrestwillsoonhealyourwound.

药品配合休息能很快治愈你伤。Synonym:cure

Words&Phrases71/123transition

n.[C,U]theprocessofchangingfromonesituation,form,orstatetoanother过渡；转变；变迁e.g.1.Adolescenceistheperiodoftransitionbetweenchildhoodandadulthood.

青春期是童年与成年之间过渡时期。2.Theyallsupportapeacefultransition.

他们全部都支持和平过渡。Words&Phrases72/123sap

vt.

makesomeonefeelweak

使减弱；使虚弱e.g.1.Herlongillnessgraduallysappedherstrength.

长久患病渐渐地消耗了她体力。2.Theclimbsappedourenergy.

这次攀登耗尽了我们精力。Words&Phrases73/123consultation

n.

1)meetingwithanexpertoraprofessionalpersontogetadviceordiscussaproblem,especiallyameetingwithadoctor

咨询；讨教；提议e.g.1.Afollow-upconsultationwasarrangedfortwoweeks’timebythepsychologist.

心理学家安排了两个星期跟踪咨询。2.Theschoolcounselorwasalwaysavailableforconsultation.

学校辅导员随时都准备接收咨询。

Words&Phrases74/1232)discussionbetweenpeopleorgroupsbeforetheymakeadecision

磋商；商议e.g.1.Thedecisionwasmadeinconsultationwithunionmembers.这项决定是与工会会员协商后作出。2.Implementationoftheproposedchangeswouldrequireconsultationwithteachersandparents.

提议变动若要实施，需征讨教师和家长意见。Wordfamily:consult

v.Words&Phrases75/123pushy

a.

(infml)extremelydeterminedtogetwhatonewants,evenifitannoysotherpeople

强硬；一意孤行e.g.1.Hemadehimselfunpopularbybeingsopushy.

他因为一意孤行而不得人心。

2.Ihavenocommentsonthepushybureaucratswithaconsciousinterestinexpandingtheirareaofcontrol.

对这些一门心思扩大自己控制范围而咄咄逼人官僚，我表示无语。Words&Phrases76/123sympathetically

ad.

inasympatheticmanner同情地e.g.

1.Thepassengersonthebuswatchedsympatheticallyastheattractiveyoungwomanwiththewhitecanemadeherwaycarefullyupthesteps.

一个年轻漂亮女人手拿一根白色拐棍小心翼翼地上了一辆公共汽车，车上乘客们同情地看着她。2.Theywereallsympatheticallydisposedtowardsherbitterexperience.他们都对她悲惨遭遇寄予同情。Wordfamily:sympathetic

a.

sympathy

n.

sympathizev.Words&Phrases77/123nudge

vt.

useapartofone’sbody,especiallyone’selbow,togivealittlepushtosomeoneorsth.轻推；（尤指）用肘轻推e.g.1.Peoplewerenudgingeachotherandpointingatme.

人们用肘相互触碰对方，并对我指指点点。2.Henudgedhiswifetoletherknowitwastimetoleave.

他用胳膊肘轻轻碰碰太太，提醒她该走了。Words&Phrases78/123saddle

n.[C]

1)theseatonabicycleormotorcycle

车座，鞍座e.g.Thebicyclesaddleistoohighforthischild.这辆自行车车座对这孩子来说太高了。2)aseatfastenedonthebackofahorseorotheranimalforriding,typicallymadeofleatherandraisedatthefrontandrear鞍，马鞍

e.g.Pleasegivemealiftontothesaddle.请扶我上马鞍。Words&Phrases79/123advocate

1)

n.[C]someonewhostronglyandpubliclysupportssomeoneorsth.

拥护者；提倡者e.g.1.Heisanadvocateofpeace.

他是一个拥护（或提倡）和平人。2.Hewasanuntiringadvocateofeconomicreform.

他是个不知疲惫经济改革提倡者。2)v.publiclysupportaparticularpolicyorwayofdoingthings

拥护；提倡

e.g.Ourpremieradvocateshighersalariesforteachers.我们总理主张提升教师工资。Words&Phrases80/123antidote

n.[C]

1)asubstancethatpreventsapoisonfromhavingbadeffects

解毒药；解毒剂e.g.

1.Wedonothaveaneffectiveantidotetothispoison.

我们没有针对这种毒有效解毒剂。2.Doyouhavetheantidoteagainst/for/tosnake-bite?你有蛇毒解药吗？2)sth.thathelpstoimprovetheeffectsofsth.badornegative矫正方法；反抗伎俩e.g.Theresortofferstheperfectantidotetothepressuresofmodernlife.这个旅游胜地是缓解当代生活压力好地方。Words&Phrases81/123apathy

n.[U]afeelingofhavingnointerestinorenthusiasmaboutanything,orofnotbeingwillingtomakeanyefforttochangethings

冷淡；毫无兴趣e.g.1.Suchattitudescanonlyleadtoapathy.

这么态度只能造成冷漠。2.Anapathyinhisnatureledhimtoleaveeventstotaketheirowncourse.

他生性冷漠，对一切都听之任之。Words&Phrases82/123aerial

a.

fromaplane

从飞机上；航空e.g.1.Therewasanaerialattacklastnight.

昨晚有一次空袭。2.Theyaregoingtotakeafullaerialsurveyofthemountainarea.

他们将对山区作全方面航空测量。Words&Phrases83/123photographic

a.

relatingtophotographsorphotography

摄影；照片e.g.1.Theequipmentofthephotographicstudiowasexpensive.

装备摄影室开支很大。2.Onehastoprocessaphotographicfilmtoprintpicturesfromit.

必须先处理摄影底片才能冲印出相片。Wordfamily:photograph

n.

照片，相片

photography

n.

摄影术Words&Phrases84/123corpse

n.[C]thebodyofadeadperson

（人）尸体e.g.1.Thelivingsoldiersputthecorpsestogetherandburnedthem.活着战士把尸体放在一起烧了。2.Foroverayearhelayinhishospitalbed,alivingcorpse.

一年多来，他躺在医院病床上，像一具活尸。Words&Phrases85/123mortuary

n.[C]aplacewhereadeadbodyiskept

停尸房；太平间

e.g.1.Amedicalinstitutionshallplacethecorpseofapatientinthemortuaryintime.医疗机构应该及时将病人尸体存放停尸室。2.PrincessDianawasnotpregnantwhenshediedinaPariscarcrashnineyearsago,saysthemanageroftheLondonmortuarywhereherpost-mortemexaminationtookplace.

英国已故黛安娜王妃死后进行验尸一家伦敦太平间经理说，9年前在巴黎车祸身亡黛妃当初并未怀孕。Wor