大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷163

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试

卷163

一、仔细阅读（本题共25题，每题1.0分，共25分。）

ThedirectraysofthesuntouchtheequatorandstrikenorthwardtowardtheTropicof

Cancer.IntheSouthernhemispherewinterhasbegun,anditissummernorthofthe

equator.Theseaandairgrowwarmer;thepolarairofwinterbeginsitsgradualretreat.

Thenorthwardshiftofthesunalsobringstheseasonoftropicalcyclonestothenorthern

hemisphere,aseasonthatisendingforthePacificandIndiaOceanssouthoftheequator.

AlongourcoastsandthoseofAsia,itistunetolookseaward,toguardagainstthe

season'sstorms.OverthePacific,thetropicalcycloneseasonisneverquiteover,but

variesinintensity.Everyyear,conditionseastofthePhilippinessendascoreofviolent

stormshowlingtowardAsia,butitisworstfromJunethroughOctober.Southwestof

Mexico,afewPacifichurricaneswillgrowduringspringandsummer,butmostwilldie

atseaorperishoverthedesertorthelowerCaliforniacoastassqualls.Alongour

AtlanticandGulfcoasts,thehurricaneseasonisfromJunetoNovember.Inanaverage

year,therearefewerthantentropicalcyclonesandsixofthemwilldevelopinto

hurricanes.Thesewillkill50to100personsbetweenTexasandMaineandcause

propertydamageofmorethan$100million.Iftheyearisworsethanaverage,wewill

sufferseveralhundreddeaths,andpropertydamagewillruntobillionsofdollars.

Tornadoes,floods,andseverestormsareinseasonelsewhereonthecontinent.Now,to

thesedestructiveforcesmustbeaddedthehazardofthehurricane.FromtheNational

HurricaneCenterinMiami,aradarfencereacheswestwardtoTexasandnorthwardto

NewEngland.Itprovidesa200-milelookintooffshoredisturbances.InMaryland,the

giantcomputersoftheNationalMeteorologicalCenterdigestthemyriadbitsofdata-

atmosphericpressure,temperature,humidity,surfacewinds,andwindsaloft-received

fromweatherstationsandshipsmonitoringtheatmosphericsettingeachhour,everyday.

CloudphotographsfromspacecraftorbitingtheeartharereceivedinMarylandandare

studiedforthetelltalespiralonthewarmingsea.ThecrewofUnitedStatesaircraftover

theGulfofMexico,Caribbean,andAtlanticwatchtheskyandwaitfbrthestormthat

willbearapersonsname.Themachineryofearlywarningvibrateswithnewurgencyas

theseasonofgreatstormsbegins.

1、ThecycloneseasonoftheSouthernhemisphere.

A、isbroughtbythepolarairofwinter

B、endswhenwintercomestotheSouthernhemisphere

C>virtuallylaststhroughouttheyear

D、beginswhenthesunraysstriketheTropicofCancer

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从首段和第2段首句的描述可以知道，南北半球的气候相反，当南半

球进入冬季、热带气旋季节结束的时候，北半球却是夏季、热带气旋季节开始的时

候，辨清了这些事实，就不难判断选项B为本题答案。

2、WhatistrueaboutthestormshowlingtowardsAsia?

A、TheyoriginateoverthePacific.

B、TheyinfluenceSoutheastAsiamostviolently.

C、TheymainlygrowduringspringandSummer.

D、Theyusuallyperishoffcoast.

标准答案：A

知识点》析：第2段第3-5句说的是太平洋沿岸热带气旋的形成和影响，而且，如

果稍有地理知识的话，就知道菲律宾东部也在太平洋上，结合第3、4句的内容就

可以推断选项A为正确的说法。选项B没有原文依据：选项C和D都是第2段第

5句提到的内容，是关于墨西哥西南部的飓风的，与亚洲的暴风无关。

3、WhenthePacifichurricanesreachthelowerCalifornia,mostofthemwill.

A、reducetheirintensity

B、increasetheirintensity

C、causemuchpropertydamage

D、resultingreatrainandfloods

标准答案：A

知识点解析：从第2段末句中的die和perish可以知道，多数太平洋飓风的强度会

减弱并最终消逝，虽然句末的squalls一词为超纲何，但这不影响对全句的理解，

而且，从die和perish也可推断，squalls应该是强度不如hurricanes的暴风，由此

可见，选项A为正确的说法。

4、WhatcanwelearnabouttheNationalHurricaneCenterinMiami?

A、ItmainlyprovidesprotectionagainsthurricanestoTexasandNewEngland.

B、Itwarnsthewholecountryagainsttornadoes,severestormsandhurricanes.

C、ItconsistsofradarsalongthecoastOfthewestandthenorthofU.S.

D、ItsupervisesthecoastalareasstretchingfromTexastoNewEngland.

标准答案：D」「

知识点解析：从末段第3句可以知道国家飓风中心的监测范围，第4句指出国家飓

风中心主要监测的是海面的情况，结合这两句，即可知道选项D正确。选项A所

表示的范围过小了，而选项B正好相反，范围过大：选项C中的thewestandIhe

northofU.S.（美国的西部和北部）与原文的westwardtoTexasandnorthwardto

NewEngland所指的地点是不同的。

5、Thepassagediscussesmostclearlyabout.

A、thefactorsthatcausehurricanes

B、themostriskyareasthatsufferhumcanes

C>theearlywarningsystemagainsthurricanes

D、theremediesforpropertydamagebyhurricanes

标准答案：C

知识点解析：末段提到了国家飓风中心和国家气象中心，说明了美国为了预警飓风

所采取的措施，由此可见，选项C在文中是有清楚说明的。

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirror-theglassintheroof

ofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe31warmerintheyear

2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarmingup

tookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveral

metersandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperature

wouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresulting

inanalterationoftheearth'schieftood-growingzones.Inthepast,concernaboutaman­

madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuch

colderandhasamuchthickericesheet.Buttheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmore

attentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming:in

otherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyears

fromtheburningoffuels.SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearc

alreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.

Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.However,mostofthefuelis

burntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientists

conclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhaveexceededthose

causedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather9

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstation

havestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.

Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,and

differentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffect

onthedislributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwind

circulation.Thesunisalsovariableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownin

cycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.Scientistsarenowfindingmutualrelations

belweenmodelsofsolar-wealheriiilerauliunsandiheaulualulinialeovermanythuusands

ofyears,includingthelastIceAge.Theproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthatthe

worldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoretical

difficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercomethe

inertia(惯性)oftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxide

mightthusbeservingasausefulcounter-balancetothesun'sdiminishingheat.

6、Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould

A、preventthesun'sraysfromreachingtheearth'ssurface

B、meanawarmingupintheArctic

C、causegreatclimatechangesinthenorthernhemisphere

D、raisethetemperatureoftheearth'ssurface

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第1段对二氧化碳造成温室效应的原理描述，即可判断本题答案为

D项。根据第4段第3句”这种情况符合二氧化碳使地球变暖的理论”也可判断D项

符合题意。此外，本题也可以根据有关温室效应的常识求解。

7、Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain.

A、thegreenhouseeffect

B、thesolareffectsontheearth

C、themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D、thecausesaffectingweather

标准答案：D-

知识点解析：文章前半部分（前四段）讲燃烧产生二氧化碳使地球产生温室效应，后

半部分（后三段）讲太阳对地球的影响使地球温度降低。尤其值得注意的是第5段提

出的问题Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?使我们推断出本文旨在

解释影响气候变化的原因。故D项为正确答案。

8、Whyisthefuelconsumptiongreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,buttemperatures

thereseemtobefalling?

A、Mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising.

R、Possiblybecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting.

C>Becausetheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetakeeffect.

D、Partlybecauseintheoutputofsolarenergyvaries.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从第5段最后一句给出的设问可知，第6段的首句是考点之所在，

即：“一种可能性（自然因素）是变化无常的太阳活动。''由此可以判断，D项的内容

符合题意。A项说的是人为的因素，即温室效应。事实上，A项和D项是作为两

个影响气候的对立因素出现的，同时也是本文论及的两个分话题，由此也可以直接

判断D项为正确答案。

9、Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsareoftheopinionthat.

A^theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B、itwilltakethousandsofyearsfbrtheinertiaoftheearth'sclimatetotakeeffect

C^theman-madewanningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D、thenewIccAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

标准答案：A

知识点解析：最后一段的第2句提到“科学家们研究的结果应该是地球进入新的冰

川时期，然而却没有出现这种情况“，这与A项的内容吻合。D项为本题的强干扰

项，根据文章，该项的含义正确。但就本题而言，题干针对的是models（模型），因

向判断范围只能针对solar-weatherinteractions,即太阳的作用。

10^IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,.

A、thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels

B、icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere

C、theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxidecouldwarmuptheearthquickly

D^thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章最后一句中的ausefulcounter-balance是指有益的抵消作用，即

二氧化碳产生的热效应可以抵消太阳热量减少使地球变冷的倾向，这对地球的热量

平衡是有利的。这与D项的内容相吻合。

"Theworld'senvironmemissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwereanexamination

topic,moststudentswouldtearitapart,offeringalonglistofcomplaints:fromlocal

smog（烟雾）toglobalclimatechange,fromthefelling（砍伐）offoreststotheextinctionof

species.Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate,theconcernlegitimate.Yetthestudentswho

shouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththe

statement.Thesurpriseishowgoodthingsare,nothov/bad.Afterall,theworld's

populationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury,andworldoutputhasrisenhugely,

soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed,ifpeoplelived,

consumedandproducedthingsinthesamewayastheydidin1900（or1950,orindeed

1980）,theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgustingplace:smelly,dirty,toxicand

dangerous.Buttheydon't.Thereasonswhytheydon't,andwhytheenvironmenthasnot

beenruined,havetodowithprices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeand

governmentregulationinresponsetopopularpressure.Thatiswhytoday's

environmentalproblemsinthepoorcountriesought,inprinciple,tobesolvable.Raw

materialshavenotrunout,andshownosignofdoingso.Logically,onedaytheymust:

theplanetisafiniteplace.Yetitisalsoverybig,andmanisveryingenious.Whathas

happenedisthateverytimeamaterialseemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand,

inresponse,peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,triedtofindwaystouseless

ofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreasonpricesforenergyandfor

mineralshavefalleninrealtermsduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Prices

fluctuate,inresponsetoharvests,naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability;andwhenthey

rise,ittakessonictimebeforenewsourcesofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalways

do,assistedbynewfarmingandcroptechnology.Thelong-termtrendhasbeen

downwards.Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthisbenign（良性

的）trendbeginstostumble,andthegenuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeep

theenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresourceconcerned,noonehasaninterestin

conservingitorfosteringit:fishisthebestexampleofthis.

11Accordingtotheauthor,moststudents.

ANbelievetheworld'senvironmentisinanundesirablecondition

agreethattheenvironmentoftheworldisnotasbadasitisthoughttobe

C^gethighmarksfortheirgoodknowledgeoftheworld'senvironment

D、appearsomewhatunconcernedaboutthestateoftheworld'senvironment

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章第1段前两句“如果以《全球环境状况非常好》作为考试

题，大多数学生会将试卷撕碎，并列出一大堆的抱怨，从烟雾到全球气候变暖，从

砍伐森林到物种灭绝”，由此可推断，大多数学生认为全球环境并不令人满意。因

此，A正确。

12、Thehugeincreaseinworldproductionandpopulation.

A^hasmadetheworldaworseplacetolivein

B、hashadapositiveinfluenceontheenvironment

C、hasnotsignificantlyaffectedtheenvironment

D、hasmadetheworldadangerousplacetolivein

标准答案：C-

知识点解析：根据文章第2段全段和第3段首句“本世纪，全球人口增加了三倍

多，全球产量也有巨大的增长，因此你可能会认为地球会受到影响。的确，如果人

们还像1900年或1950年甚至1980年那样居住、消费和生产，那么到现在，地球

很可能是一个令人厌恶的地方但人们没有这样做”，注意此处的虚拟语气，由此可

推断产量和人口的增长并没有对全球环境造成太大的影响，故此，应选C。

13、Oneofthereasonswhythelong-termtrendofpriceshasbeendownwardsis

that.

A^technologicalinnovationcanpromotesocialstability

B、politicalinstabilitywillcauseconsumptiontodrop

C、newfarmingandcroptechnologycanleadtooverproduction

D^newsourcesarealwaysbecomingavailable

标准答案；D-

知识点解析：根据文章第4段第4、5句“每次当一种资源似乎就要匮乏时，价格就

会上升，相应地，人们会寻找新的资源，想方设法找到节省资源的方法或者寻找新

的替代品。正因为如此，本世纪能源和矿产品的价格实质上已经下降了”，故应选

Do

14、Fishresourcesarediminishingbecause.

A^nonewsubstitutescanbefoundinlargequantities

B、theyarenotownedbyanyparticularentity

C^impropermethodsoffishinghaveruinedthefishinggrounds

D、waterpollutionisextremelyserious

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据文章最后一段第2、3句“市场并不能总是保持环境的健康发展。

如果相关的资源不属于任何人，人们就没有兴趣保护它、培养它。鱼类资源就是一

个最好的例子”，因此，可推断B正是鱼类减少的原因。

15^Theprimarysolutiontoenvironmentalproblemsis.

A^toallowmarketforcestooperateproperly

B、tocurbconsumptionofnaturalresources

C^tolimitthegrowthoftheworldpopulation

D^toavoidfluctuationsinprices

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据文章最后一段第1句“在价格和市场手段不能正常运转的地方，

这种良性的趋势就会动摇，就会出现环境能源等问题”，故此，让市场价格手段正

常地发挥作用才是解决环境问题的方法，A与文章的意思相符，故而正确。

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethan100smallregionsofisolatedvolcanicactivity

knowntogeologistsashotspots.Unlikemostoftheworld'svolcanoes,theyarcnot

alwaysfoundattheboundariesofthegreatdriftingplatesthatmakeuptheearth's

surface;onthecontrary,manyofthemliedeepintheinteriorofaplate.Mostofthehot

spotsmoveonlyslowly,andinsomecasesthemovementoftheplatespastthemhasleft

trailsofdeadvolcanoes.Thehotspotsandtheirvolcanictrailsaremilestonesthatmark

thepassageoftheplates.Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute.Africaand

SouthAmerica,forexample,arcmovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis

injectedintotheseafloorbetweenthem.Thecomplementarycoastlinesandcertain

geologicalfeaturesthatseemtospantheoceanareremindersofwherethetwocontinents

wereoncejoined.Therelativemotionoftheplatescanyingthesecontinentshasbeen

constructedindetail,but:hemotionofoneplatewithrespecttoanothercannotreadilybe

translatedintomotionwithrespecttotheearth'sinterior.Itisnotpossibletodetermine

whetherbothcontinentsaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheronecontinentis

stationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Hotspots,anchoredinthedeeperlayers

oftheearth,providethemeasuringinstrumentsneededtoresolvethequestion.Froman

analysisofthehot-spotpopulationitappearsthattheAfricanplateisstationaryandthat

ithasnotmovedduringthepast30millionyears.Thesignificanceofhotspotsisnot

confinedtotheirroleasaframeofreference.Itnowappearsthattheyalsohavean

importantinfluenceonthegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.

Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,thematerialrisingfromdeeper

layercreatesabroaddome.Asthedomegrows,itdevelopsdeepfissures(cracks);inat

leastafewcasesthecontinentmaybreakentirelyalongsomeofthesefissures,sothatthe

hotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thusjustasearliertheorieshave

explainedthemobilityofthecontinents,sohotspotsmayexplaintheir

mutability(inconstancy).

16、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.

A、therearenovolcanicactivitiesonhotspots

B、mosthotspotsarelocatedintheinnerpartofaplate

C^hotspotsusuallylieattheboundariesofdriftingplates

D、thepassageofplatesthroughhotspotswillleavedeadvolcanoes

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据题干直接查找到第1段。第2句第2个分句提到“其中很多位于

板块内部的深处“，而表达同样含义的是B选项。该段第1句指出，这些互不相

连、发生火山运动的小地区，地质学家称之为热点，可见A项错误。选项C与第

2句第1个分句的内容相反。倒数第2句提到“在某些情形下，板块移动经过热点

留下死火山的痕迹”，即不是所有板块移动都会留下死火山的痕迹，故D错。

17、Theauthorbelievesthat.

A^themotionoftheplatescorrespondstothatoftheearth'sinterior

B>thegeologicaltheoryaboutdriftingplateshasbeenprovedtobetrue

C、thehotspotsandtheplatesmoveslowlyinoppositedirections

D^themovementofhotspotsprovesthecontinentsaremovingapart

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章第2段的开头指出Thattheplatesaremovingisnowbeyond

disputeobeyonddispute意为“毋庸置疑”,故答案选B项。从第2段第4句的“但是

一个板块相对于另外一个板块的运动不能被顺理成章地解释成板块与它相对于地球

内部的运动“，可排除A项。

18、ThatAfricaandSou:hAmericawereoncejoinedcanbededucedfromthefact(hat

A、thetwocontinentsarestillmovinginoppositedirections

B、theyhavebeenfoundtosharecertaingeologicalfeatures

C、theAfricanplatehasbeenstablefor30millionyears

D、over1(X)hotspotsarescatteredallaroundtheglobe

标准答案：B

知识点解析：从第2段的第3句可知，非洲和南美洲曾经连接在一起的证据有两个

----海岸线所具彳j的互补的特征(complementarycoastlines)及某些地质特点(certain

geologicalfeatures)oB项符合后者，故为正确答案。

19、Thehotspottheorymayproveusefulinexplaining.

A、thestructureoftheAfricanplates

B、therevivalofdeadvolcanoes

C、themobilityofthecontinents

D、theformationofnewoceans

标准答案：D

知识点解析：关于hotspottheory的作用，除了第2段提到的参照作用外，第3段

论及的另一个,重要作用在于它能够推动板块在地球表面漂移(propeltheplatesacross

theglobe),从而引发了新海洋的形成(initiatestheformationofanewocean).故答案

选D项。

20、Thepassageismainlyabout.

A^thefeaturesofvolcanicactivities

B、theimportanceofthetheoryaboutdriftingplates

C、thesignificanceofhotspotsingeophysicalstudies

D^theprocessoftheformationofvolcanoes

标准答案：C

知识点解析：全文3个段落主要是围绕“热点对于地球物理学研究的意义”而展开

的。故答案选C项。全篇共3段，第1段讲的是hotspots的定义与分布，第2段

讲hotspots在大陆板块移动中的参照作用，第3段讲hotspots引起新海洋形成的

地球物理意义。

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvaried

enemies,therearcnumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,one

generalpatternofbehavior.Inthepresenceofsuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotry

toescapeobservation;ifthisfails,thenextresortistheflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,

butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesand

warningdevicesarebroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispattern

varieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictably

whilstallsomenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesand

attackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.Amongstthe

factorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarchunger,thematingseasonandsurprise,withthe

lastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingfbrtbodorformate,activityandthe

aggressiveinstinctarebo:hattheirpeak.Owingtotheirpoorsenseofhearingsnakesare

veryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappingandasimilarsituationarisesduringtheir

periodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughing(蜕皮)begins.Byfarthegreatest

numberofsnake-bitaccidentsresultfromtheunwittingdisturbanceofrestingsnakes,

andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewelldisguisedandwhosenatural

instinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipaldefense.Aswellasdifferencesin

aggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstances

andconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyallied

species;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmayunderstandablybelacking

inobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,howanyencounterwill

develop.TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwithbeingamongstthemost

aggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovokedattacks,yetonone

occasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanest

andnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,c