-中考英语-语法专题突破-专题十一-动词的语态-人教新目标版

2019-2020年中考英语语法专题突破专题十一动词的语态人教新目标版考纲要求1.一般现在时的被动语态2.一般过去时的被动语态3.一般将来时的被动语态考查点年份题号选项设置分值一般现在时的被动语态201443treats/treated/is__treated/wastreated1分201144celebrate/is__celebrated/celebrated/wascelebrated1分一般过去时的被动语态201538moves/moved/ismoved/was__moved1分201339invites/isinvited/was__invited/hasinvited1分一般将来时的被动语态201244willsave/wassaved/havesaved/will__be__saved1分动词语态为河北中考单项选择题的必考点,且都与时态相结合,主要表现为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时。选项的设置均为一个动词的两种不同时态和不同语态。语境设置在近三年来很少出现明显的时间状语提示,需要分析语境才能判断出选项。语句多为单句形式,词数多为9～13。预计2016年河北中考的单项选择题必定会出现一道题考查被动语态,并与时态相结合。,河北中考重难点突破【考点抢测】()1.Chinese________bymoreandmorepeoplefromallovertheworldtoday.A.learnB.learnedC.islearnedD.waslearned()2.(2015保定8中模拟)Today,computersarereallyhelpful.They______everywhere.A.useB.areusedC.usedD.wereused()3.(2015唐山54中模拟)Everyyear,morethan70,000,000sharks______fortheirfins(鱼翅)．A.werekilledB.havekilledC.arekilledD.willkill()4.Thesportofbasketball________bymorethan100millionpeopleinover200countries.A.playB.playedC.isplayedD.hasplayed()5.WhenIcalledthebusservice,I________thattherewasnomorebus.A.wastellingB.wastoldC.hastoldD.hadtold()6.(2015保定17中模拟)Anewclub________inourschoolatthebeginningofthisyearandnowithasmanymembers.A.startsB.isstartedC.hasstartedD.wasstarted()7.ThefirstEarthDay________in1970toeducateustoprotectourplanet.A.celebratesB.celebratedC.iscelebratedD.wascelebrated()8.Alice________someadviceonhowtoimproveherlisteningskills,andshegladlyacceptedMissGreen's.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.givesD.isgiven()9.Thetask________inanhour.Thenwecangohomeandhaveagoodrest.A.wasfinishedB.willbefinishedC.hasbeenfinishedD.can'tbefinished()10.(2015唐山友谊中学模拟)I'msurethatstricterrules________tocontrolsmokingverysoon.A.madeB.willmakeC.weremadeD.willbemade【满分点拨】1.动词语态的分类英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。(1)主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。如:ManypeoplespeakEnglishthere.那儿很多人说英语。(2)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动词的对象。如:Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)2.被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词(用done表示)”构成。常见的4种时态的被动结构如下:时态被动结构例句一般现在时am/is/are＋doneThiskindofcarismadeinChina.这种车是中国制造的。一般过去时was/were＋doneTheflyingdiskwasinventedbycollegestudents.这种飞碟游戏是大学生们发明的。一般将来时will/shall＋be＋doneThebridgewillbefinishedinamonth.这座桥将在一个月内竣工。情态动词情态动词＋be＋doneTablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。3.主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)图示(2)口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词用被动(3)变换步骤:①将主动句的宾语变为主语。注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。如:Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.汤姆杀了他。②将动词改为"be＋过去分词"。注意：be动词与新主语相一致,时态不变。如：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwas__heldbythemyesterday.他们昨天开会了。③将主动语态的主语改为by…放在谓语动词后。注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。如Hesangasong.→Asongwassungby__him.他唱了一首歌。【方法突破】分析河北近5年考情发现,涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动和两个被动,并且有现在时态和过去时态。学生在做题时,可从以下角度入手分析:判断句子是主动语态还是被动语态读懂句意,确定主语,判断主语表示人还是物,主语是动作的执行者还是承受者。一般人作主语时,谓语动词用主动语态。当主语为人时,需根据句意及谓语动词判断该动作是否是主语发出:若为主语发出,用主动语态;若不是主语发出,用被动语态。物作主语的时候,谓语动词要用被动语态,由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。对于被动语态来说,试题主要是让大家找出谓语动作的执行者或承受者,这就要根据句子的意思进行判断,然后根据句中的时间状语做出正确选择。确定句子的时态被动语态的使用离不开时态,所以应根据句中的时间状语、上下文的暗示或发生动作的时态来分析判断应使用哪种时态的被动语态。再结合句意给出的时间状语或已发生动作的时态,选取对应的时态。4.常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊结构(1)含有双宾语(即直接宾语和间接宾语)的句子,多把间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。如:Jacktoldusthetruth.→WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.杰克告诉了我们真相。(2)主动语态中有些感官动词(如:hear,see,watch,notice等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,要把不定式符号to还原。即:hear(see)sb.dosth.→sb.beheard(seen)todosth.如:Weheardthegirlplaythepianointhemusicclassroom.→Thegirlwasheardtoplaythepianointhemusicclassroom.我们听见那女孩在音乐教室弹钢琴。(3)主动语态中有些使役动词(如:make,let等)后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语,变为被动语态时,同样要把不定式符号to还原。即:makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.如:Theteachermakeshisstudentsdomuchhomeworkeveryday.→Hisstudentsaremadetodomuchhomeworkbytheteachereveryday.那位老师让他的学生每天做很多家庭作业。5.不能使用被动结构的情况(1)连系动词,如:look,feel,smell等,以主动形式表示被动含义。如:Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。(2)有些动词的主动形式表被动含义,如:needdoing(需要做某事),beworthdoing(值得做某事)等。如:Yourbedroomisinaterriblemess.Itneedscleaningrightnow.你的卧室太乱了,需要马上清理一下。(3)表示“发生”的happen或takeplace,无被动结构。如：Thestoryhappenedonacoldnight.故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。,河北中考考点精练()1.(2015广安中考)—Mike,Ilookedforyoueverywherelastnight.—Oh,I________totheparty.A.aminvitedB.invitedC.inviteD.wasinvited()2.(2015石家庄42中模拟)—Howcleanyourcaris!—Thankyou.It________veryoften.A.iswashedB.washesC.waswashedD.washed()3.(2015临沂中考)Teenagersshould________totakecareofthemselvesfromayoungage.A.educateB.beeducatingC.haveeducatedD.beeducated()4.(2015江西中考)Youcan'twearshoesinsidethisplace.It________.A.doesn'tallowB.isn'tallowedC.hasn'tallowedD.wasn'tallowed()5.(2015资阳中考)Anewschool________lastyearinmyhometown.A.setupB.setsupC.issetupD.wassetup()6.(2015青岛中考)We________tostartatonce,orwewillmissthetrain.A.tellB.havetoldC.aretoldD.told()7.(2015烟台中考)Everyoneinourclass________totakepartintheEnglishSpeechContest.A.isencouragedB.encouragesC.areencouragingD.areencouraged()8.(2015兰州中考)Hehasorderedawatchonlineforhisfatherandit________tohimbeforeFather'sDay.A.sendB.willbesentC.wassentD.sent()9.(2015十堰中考)DuringtheSpringFestival,papercuttings________onwindows,doorsandwallsassymbolsofwishesforgoodluckandahappynewyear.A.areputB.wereputC.putsD.putting()10.(2015广东中考)—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?—Yes.It________everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.A.isplayedB.playsC.wasplayedD.played()11.(2015黔南中考)Everyday,toomuchwater________inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wasted()12.(2016原创预测)Hurryup!Oncetheconcertstarts,nobody________toentertheconcerthall.A.allowsB.allowedC.isallowedD.isallowing()13.(2016石家庄40中模拟)Tomygreatsurprise,thefamousathlete'sstory________differentlyinthenewspapers.A.wasreportedB.reportedC.wasreportingD.reports()14.(2016原创预测)We'resurethattheenviron­mentinourcity________greatlythroughourworkinthenearfuture.A.improvedB.wasimprovedC.hasimprovedD.willbeimproved()15.(2016原创预测)LastMarch,manytrees________alongthestreetstomakeourcitymorebeautiful.A.wereplantedB.wereplantin