2026年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）模拟试题

2026年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）模拟试题考生须知1.本试卷分为试题册、答题卡两部分。考试时间为180分钟，满分100分。2.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生编号等信息填写在答题卡指定位置。3.所有答案均需写在答题卡对应区域，写在试题册上无效。SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Forcenturies,humanshavesoughttopredicttherhythmsofthenaturalworld,fromseasonalweathershiftstoanimalmigrationpatterns.Theseobservationswereoncerootedinfolkwisdomandrepeateddailyexperience,1_____modernsciencehastransformedsuchcasualnoticingintorigorous,data-driveninquiry.Theshiftisnotmerelymethodological;ithas2_____ourfundamentalunderstandingofhumanity’splaceinnature.Earlycommunitiesreliedonsubtleenvironmentalcuestosurvive.Farmersjudgedsoilmoistureandtemperaturetotimeplantingandharvesting,whiletravelersreadwindandcloudformationsto3_____storms.Suchknowledgewasrarelywrittendown;itwastransmittedorallyacrossgenerations,refinedandadjustedto4_____localecologicalconditions.Formillennia,thisinformalexpertisewassufficienttosupporthumancoexistencewiththenaturalenvironment.Inthepasttwocenturies,however,industrializationhasdisruptedthisancientbalance.Humanactivityhasalteredclimatecycles,transformedlandscapes,anddisturbedwildlifehabitatsatanunprecedented5_____.Traditionalobservationalmethods,limitedbyindividualperceptionandregionalscope,cannolongerfullycapturethe6_____changesunfoldingacrosstheglobe.Scientiststodaycombinelong-termfieldmonitoringwithcross-regionalcollaborativeresearchtotrackecologicalshiftsthatwouldoncehavegone7_____.Thissystematicapproachhasyieldedprofoundinsights.Researchershaveclarifiedhowsmall,gradualenvironmentalchangescan8_____large-scaleecologicalcrisesyearslater.Theyhavealsoconfirmedthatmanyspeciesareadaptingtheirbehaviorsandhabitatsfarfasterthanpreviouslythought,atrendthatreshapesconservationstrategies.9_____advancedmonitoringtoolsextendhumanobservationalcapacity,theyalsoremindusthatnaturalsystemsarefarmoredynamicandinterconnectedthanonceassumed.Crucially,modernecologicalresearchdoesnotdismisstraditionalwisdomasobsolete.Instead,itseeksto10_____ancientpracticalexperiencewithcontemporaryscientificanalysis.Localresidents’long-termobservationsoftenrevealsubtle,long-termtrendsthatshort-termscientificexperimentsmiss.The11_____oftraditionalknowledgeandmoderndatacreatesamorecomprehensiveframeworkforenvironmentalprotection.Thisintegratedapproachcarriespracticalvalueforglobalecologicalgovernance.Manyenvironmentalchallengestodayaretransboundaryandcomplex,requiringcoordinatedactionratherthan12_____solutions.Isolatedresearchorlocalizedpoliciescanhardlyaddressissuessuchasbiodiversitylossandregionalclimatefluctuation.Onlybycombininggrassrootsexperiencewithprofessionalscientificresearchcanhumans13_____effectiveresponsestoecologicalrisks.Asenvironmentalchangeaccelerates,theneedforsuchintegratedthinkingbecomesmore14_____.Humanity’sabilitytoliveinharmonywithnaturedependsnotondominatingnaturalsystems,butonunderstandingandadaptingtotheirinherentrules.Thefusionofancientobservationandmodernscienceoffersareliablepathto15_____sustainablecoexistencebetweenhumansandthenaturalworld.1.[A]once[B]but[C]since[D]thus2.[A]revised[B]restored[C]retained[D]resisted3.[A]anticipate[B]trigger[C]justify[D]modify4.[A]suit[B]abandon[C]overlook[D]simplify5.[A]dimension[B]rate[C]domain[D]motive6.[A]trivial[B]subtle[C]massive[D]nominal7.[A]unnoticed[B]unmeasured[C]unregulated[D]unlimited8.[A]giveriseto[B]makeupfor[C]takeadvantageof[D]keeppacewith9.[A]Unless[B]While[C]Because[D]If10.[A]contrast[B]substitute[C]integrate[D]replace11.[A]separation[B]combination[C]limitation[D]hesitation12.[A]fragmented[B]flexible[C]feasible[D]formal13.[A]implement[B]simulate[C]supervise[D]suspend14.[A]irrelevant[B]urgent[C]optional[D]identical15.[A]confirm[B]attain[C]illustrate[D]demonstrateSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Fordecades,urbanplannershaveprioritizedefficiencyincitydesign,wideningroadsforcars,straighteningpedestrianpaths,andstandardizingpublicfacilitiestospeedupdailylife.Thispursuitofmaximumoperationalefficiencyhasshapedmoderncitiesintoorderly,fast-pacedenvironments,yetithasalsograduallyerasedthesmall,unplannedmomentsthatmakeurbanlifevibrantandlivable.Traditionalneighborhoodswerefullofidlepublicspaces:narrowalleyways,roadsidebenches,smallcommunitygardens,andvacantlotswhereresidentscouldpause,chat,andobservedailylife.Thesespacesservednosinglefunctionalpurpose.Theywerenotdesignedforcommuting,shoppingorworking,butforlingering.Sociologistsrefertothesespacesas“urbanloosespaces”,whichactastheemotionalbufferofurbanlife,relievingthetensionbroughtbyfast-pacedurbanoperation.Inmodernurbanrenewalprojects,suchloosespacesareoftenregardedasawasteoflandresources.Citydesignerstendtoreplacethemwithhigh-risecommercialbuildings,standardizedparkinglotsandunifiedstreetlandscapes.Thelogicisstraightforward:everyinchofurbanlandshouldgenerateeconomicvalueorserveclearfunctionalneeds.Idle,undefinedspacesareconsideredinefficientandinconsistentwithmodernurbandevelopmentgoals.Thistrendhastriggeredwidespreadpublicdissatisfaction.Modernurbanresidents,despiteenjoyingmoreconvenienttransportationandcompletesupportingfacilities,increasinglyfeelalienatedfromtheirlivingenvironment.Theyrushbetweenhomeandworkplaceeveryday,withfewopportunitiesforcasualsocialinteractionwithneighbors.Thesenseofcommunitybelonging,oncethecoreofurbanresidentiallife,isfadingrapidly.Agrowingnumberofurbanscholarsarenowadvocatingforthereturnofloosespaces.Theyarguethatatrulylivablecityshouldnotonlypursueoperationalefficiency,butalsoreservespaceforpeople’semotionalneedsandsocialconnections.ManyEuropeancitieshavebeguntoadjusttheirurbandesignconcepts.Theytransformabandonedroadsidelotsintopocketparks,setupscatteredrestcornersonbusystreets,andretainoldalleywaysinurbanrenewal.Theseadjustmentsdonotreduceurbanoperationalefficiency.Onthecontrary,theyenrichurbanlifeandenhanceresidents’senseofhappinessandidentity.Urbandevelopment,scholarsemphasize,isneveraone-sidedpursuitofspeedandefficiency.Thevalueofacityliesnotonlyinitseconomicoutputandfunctionalperfection,butalsoinitsabilitytoaccommodateordinarypeople’sslow,trivialandwarmdailylife.16.Moderncitydesignprioritizesefficiencymainlyby______.[A]simplifyingurbanfunctionalzones[B]eliminatingunplannedurbanspaces[C]expandingpublicservicefacilities[D]standardizingresidents’dailybehaviors17.AccordingtoParagraph2,“urbanloosespaces”______.[A]bearspecificcommercialfunctions[B]easeurbanresidents’mentalpressure[C]arespeciallydesignedforsocialactivities[D]dominatetraditionalneighborhoodlife18.Modernurbanrenewalprojectsrejectloosespacesfortheir______.[A]loweconomicreturns[B]irregularlandscapestyle[C]potentialsafetyhazards[D]impactontrafficorder19.TheEuropeanurbandesignadjustmentsshowthat______.[A]economicdevelopmentisnolongerurbanpriority[B]functionalperfectionharmsurbanlivability[C]emotionalneedsdeserveurbandesignattention[D]oldurbanlayoutshaveirreplaceablevalue20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsmodernefficiency-orientedurbandesignis______.[A]fullysupportive[B]stronglycritical[C]cautiouslyobjective[D]completelyindifferentText2Readingusedtobetheprimarywayforpeopletoacquiresystematicknowledgeandcultivatecriticalthinking.Forgenerations,books,newspapersandperiodicalswerethemaincarriersofformalinformation,shapingpeople’scognitivesystemsandworldviews.Today,however,long-formreadingisgraduallygivingwaytofragmentedinformationbrowsing,ashiftthathassparkedheateddebateamongeducatorsandculturalresearchers.Fragmentedreading,enabledbymobiledigitaldevices,allowspeopletoobtaininformationanytimeandanywhere.Shortarticles,picture-basedcontentandbriefnewsupdatesoccupymostpeople’ssparetime.Thismodeofinformationacquisitionisefficientandadaptabletothefast-pacedmodernlife.Itenablesordinarypeopletoaccessmassiveamountsofinformationwithoutspendinglonghoursonformalreading,broadeningtheirsuperficialunderstandingoftheworld.Yetthedrawbacksoffragmentedreadingareincreasinglyprominent.Mostfragmentedonlinecontentissimplified,sensationalandopinion-driven,lackingrigorouslogicalreasoningandin-depthargumentation.Readerstendtoacceptfragmentedviewpointspassively,withoutsortingoutinformationconnectionsorconductingindependentthinking.Overtime,thishabitweakenspeople’sabilityforsustainedconcentrationanddeepanalysis.Manypeoplemistakenlyequateinformationaccumulationwithknowledgeacquisition.Theybelievethatfrequentbrowsingofvariousonlinecontentmeanscontinuouslearning.Infact,scatteredinformationisjustisolateddatapoints,whichcannotformacompleteknowledgesystem.Truelearningrequireslong-termimmersioninsystematicreading,sortingoutlogicalrelationshipsbetweenknowledgepoints,andformingindependentjudgmentandcriticalthinking.Criticsoftraditionallong-formreadingarguethatitistime-consumingandinefficientinthedigitalera.Theyclaimthatsystematicbookreadingcannolongerkeepupwiththerapidupdateofsocialinformation.Suchviewsignorethecorevalueofdeepreading.Whatdeepreadingcultivatesisnotjustinformationreserve,buttheabilitytoanalyze,deduceandreflect,whichisthefundamentalfoundationoflifelonglearning.Thecoexistenceoffragmentedbrowsinganddeepreadingisnotcontradictoryinthedigitalage.Fragmentedreadingcanserveasasupplementtoexpandinformationbreadth,whiledeepreadingisresponsibleforconsolidatingcognitivedepth.Theproblemfacingmodernreadersisnottheexistenceoffragmentedcontent,buttheexcessiverelianceonshallowbrowsingandthegradualabandonmentofdeepreadinghabits.Balancingthetwoisthekeytoeffectivelearninginthedigitalera.21.Theshiftfromlong-formreadingtofragmentedbrowsingis______.[A]universallywelcomedbyeducators[B]aninevitableresultoffast-pacedlife[C]controversialamongrelevantresearchers[D]totallyharmfultoknowledgelearning22.Amajordisadvantageoffragmentedreadingisits______.[A]limitedinformationvolume[B]lackoflogicaldepth[C]fixedcontenttypes[D]lowpopularityamongscholars23.Paragraph4indicatesthatpeople’smisunderstandingliesin______.[A]confusinginformationaccumulationwithknowledgeacquisition[B]overestimatingthedifficultyofsystematicreading[C]ignoringtherapidupdateofmodernknowledge[D]doubtingthevalueoftraditionalreadingmethods24.Theauthorholdsthatdeepreading______.[A]failstoadapttodigitalinformationupdates[B]buildscorecompetenceforlifelonglearning[C]istime-wastingandinefficientforordinarypeople[D]willeventuallybereplacedbyshallowbrowsing25.Thebesttitleforthetextis______.[A]TheEndofTraditionalLong-formReading[B]AdvantagesofFragmentedInformationBrowsing[C]BalanceShallowBrowsingandDeepReading[D]HowtoBuildaCompleteKnowledgeSystemText3Corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)hasevolvedfromavoluntarycharitableactintoamainstreambusinessprincipleoverthepastthreedecades.Decadesago,mostenterprisesfocusedsolelyonprofitmaximization,regardingsocialwelfareandenvironmentalprotectionasburdensunrelatedtobusinessoperation.Today,consumers,investorsandregulatorsallrequireenterprisestoassumecorrespondingsocialresponsibilitieswhilepursuingeconomicbenefits.NumerousstudieshaveconfirmedthepositivecorrelationbetweenCSRperformanceandcorporatelong-termdevelopment.Enterprisesthatactivelyfulfillsocialresponsibilitiesusuallyenjoybetterbrandreputation,higherconsumerloyaltyandmorestableinvestorconfidence.Whenenterprisesinvestinenvironmentalprotection,publicwelfareandemployeewelfare,theyestablishapositivecorporateimage,whichhelpsthemgainmarketrecognitionandresistpotentialoperationalrisks.However,therapidpopularityofCSRhasalsogivenrisetoaproblematicphenomenon:symbolicsocialresponsibility.SomeenterprisesregardCSRasapuremarketingtool.TheyconductsuperficialpublicwelfareactivitiesandreleasepolishedCSRreportsmerelytoimprovebrandpublicity,withoutmakingsubstantialchangestotheirproductionandoperationmodes.Suchsymbolicbehaviorsbringshort-termpublicattentionbutfailtocreaterealsocialvalue.SymbolicCSRisparticularlycommoninhighlycompetitiveconsumermarkets.Fiercemarketcompetitionforcesenterprisestopursueimmediatemarketfeedbackandshort-termprofitgrowth.SubstantialCSRinvestmentusuallyrequireslong-termcapitalinputandcannotgenerateimmediateeconomicreturns.Incontrast,symbolicCSRactivitiesarelow-cost,flexibleandabletoquicklygainpublicfavor,makingthemapopularchoiceformanyshort-sightedenterprises.ThisopportunisticbehaviorunderminesthecredibilityoftheentireCSRsystem.Whensuperficialpublicwelfarebecomesprevalent,thepublicwillgraduallydoubttheauthenticityofcorporatesocialresponsibilitybehaviors.GenuineenterprisesthatinsistonsubstantialCSRinvestmentmayfaceunfairmarketcompetition,whileopportunisticenterprisesgainimpropercompetitiveadvantages.Inthelongrun,thiswillhinderthehealthydevelopmentoftheindustryandweakenthesocialsignificanceofCSR.Tosolvethisproblem,marketsupervisionandinstitutionalconstraintsmustbeimproved.RelevantdepartmentsneedtoestablishstandardizedCSRevaluationsystems,focusingonthepracticaleffectofcorporatesocialresponsibilitybehaviorsratherthansuperficialforms.Meanwhile,enterprisesshouldestablishlong-termdevelopmentconcepts,integratingsocialresponsibilityintocorebusinessstrategies,ratherthantreatingitasanoptionalmarketingaccessory.26.Thirtyyearsago,mostenterprises______.[A]prioritizedsocialresponsibilityoverprofits[B]viewedCSRasanunnecessaryburden[C]activelyparticipatedinpublicwelfarecauses[D]wereregulatedtoassumesocialduties27.GenuineCSRhelpsenterprises______.[A]eliminatelong-termoperationalrisks[B]gainsustainablemarketcompetitiveness[C]reduceunnecessarycapitalinvestment[D]simplifydailyoperationmanagement28.SomeenterprisesprefersymbolicCSRmainlybecauseofits______.[A]lowcostandquickreturns[B]widepublicrecognition[C]standardizedoperationmode[D]long-termsocialvalue29.TheprevalenceofsymbolicCSRwill______.[A]optimizeindustrycompetitionenvironment[B]enhancetheinfluenceofcorporatebrands[C]damagethecredibilityoftheCSRsystem[D]lowerthethresholdofpublicwelfareactivities30.ToimproveCSRpractice,theauthorsuggests______.[A]strengtheninginstitutionalsupervisionandcorporatelong-termawareness[B]encouragingenterprisestoreduceshort-termprofitpursuit[C]unifyingtheformsofcorporatepublicwelfareactivities[D]exemptingqualifiedenterprisesfromCSRobligationsText4Thepreservationofculturalheritageisnolongerapurelyacademicorhistoricalissue,butakeypartofmodernculturaldevelopment.Culturalheritage,includingancientarchitecture,traditionalcrafts,folkcustomsandhistoricaldocuments,carriesthecollectivememoryandculturalgenesofanation.Protectingtheseheritageresourceshelpsmaintainculturaldiversityandpassontraditionalcivilizationstofuturegenerations.Intheprocessofurbanizationandmodernization,culturalheritagefacesunprecedentedthreats.Large-scaleurbanreconstructionoftenleadstothedemolitionofancientarchitecturalclusters;thepopularizationofmodernlifestylesmakesmanytraditionalfolkcustomsandcraftsgraduallyfadeaway.Manypeopleholdtheviewthatoldheritageresourcesareincompatiblewithmodernsocialdevelopmentandshouldgivewaytourbanconstructionandeconomicgrowth.Suchaviewignoresthedualvalueofculturalheritage.Ontheonehand,culturalheritagehasirreplaceablehistoricalandculturalvalue.Itrecordsthedevelopmenttrackofanation’scivilizationandprovidestangibleevidenceforhistoricalandculturalresearch.Ontheotherhand,culturalheritagealsohashugepotentialeconomicandsocialvalue.Well-protectedandreasonablydevelopedculturalheritageresourcescandriveculturaltourism,promotelocaleconomicdevelopmentandformuniqueregionalculturalbrands.Acommonmisunderstandinginheritageprotectionisexcessivecommercialization.Inordertopursueeconomicbenefits,manyregionsblindlydevelopculturalheritageresources,over-transformancientsitesandpackagetraditionalcustomsintostandardizedtouristproducts.Suchcommercializeddevelopmentdestroystheoriginaltextureandculturalconnotationofheritageresources,turningauthenticculturalheritageintosuperficialtouristcommodities.Thiskindofdevelopmentsacrificeslong-termculturalvalueforshort-termeconomicgains.Effectiveculturalheritageprotectionrequiresabalancebetweeninheritanceanddevelopment.Thecoreofprotectionistomaintaintheauthenticityandintegrityofculturalheritage.Developmentshouldbebasedonprotection,ratherthanatthecostofdamagingculturalresources.Localgovernmentsandculturalinstitutionsneedtoformulatescientificdevelopmentplans,avoidblindcommercialexploitation,andexploresustainableinheritancemodessuitableforlocalculturalcharacteristics.Modernculturalheritageprotectionalsorequirespublicparticipation.Professionalinstitutionalprotectionislimitedinscopeandstrength.Onlywhenordinaryresidentsrecognizethevalueoflocalculturalheritageandactivelyparticipateinprotectionandinheritancecanculturalcivilizationbepasseddownsteadily.Popularizingheritageprotectionknowledgeandraisingpublicculturalawarenesshavebecomeimportanttasksofmodernculturalconstruction.31.Peopletendtoneglectculturalheritageprotectiondueto______.[A]itshighprotectioncost[B]itsconflictwithmoderndevelopment[C]thelackofacademicresearch[D]thefadingoftraditionalculture32.Thedualvalueofculturalheritagerefersto______.[A]historical-culturalandeconomic-socialvalue[B]academicresearchandpubliceducationalvalue[C]regionalandnationalculturalvalue[D]inheritanceandinnovationdevelopmentvalue33.Excessivecommercializationofculturalheritageleadsto______.[A]diversifiedculturaldevelopment[B]lossoforiginalculturalconnotation[C]improvedlocaleconomiclevel[D]standardizedheritageprotection34.Thekeyprincipleofculturalheritagedevelopmentis______.[A]prioritizingeconomicbenefits[B]adheringtoprotection-baseddevelopment[C]promotingunifiedcommercialoperation[D]abandoningoutdatedheritageforms35.Thelastparagraphmainlydiscusses______.[A]thelimitationsofprofessionalheritageprotection[B]waystoraisepublicculturalawareness[C]thesignificanceofpublicparticipationinheritageprotection[D]tasksofmodernculturalconstructionPartBDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions36-40,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thehabitoflifelonglearninghasbecomeanessentialqualityformodernpeopleinaneraofrapidsocialchange.Traditionaleducationwasmostlystage-based,concentratingonschoolyearsandendingwithgraduation.36.______Modernsociety,however,requirescontinuouslearningthroughoutone’sentirelifespan.Themostdirectdriveroflifelonglearningistherapiditerationofsocialknowledgeandprofessionalskills.Inthepast,professionalknowledgeandoccupationalskillscouldremaineffectivefordecades.37.______Manytraditionaloccupationsarebeingupgradedortransformed,whilenewprofessionsandtechnicalfieldsareconstantlyemerging.Withoutcontinuouslearning,individualswillsoonbeunabletoadapttoworkplacechangesandsocialdevelopment.Beyondoccupationalneeds,lifelonglearningalsoenrichespersonalspirituallife.Modernmaterialabundancehasmadepeoplepaymoreattentiontospiritualfulfillmentandself-improvement.38.______Learningnewknowledge,masteringnewskillsandunderstandingnewideascanhelppeoplebreakthroughcognitivelimitations,enrichtheirinnerworldandmaintainapositivelifestate.39.______Manypeopleholdthemisunderstandingthatlifelonglearningequalsendlessprofessionalskilltraining.Infact,lifelonglearningcoversawiderangeoffields,includingculturalknowledge,artisticaccomplishment,lifeskillsandsocialcognition.Itisnotlimitedtocareerimprovement,butservestheoveralldevelopmentofindividuals.Anotherobstacletolifelonglearningistimescarcity.Modernpeoplefaceheavyworkpressureandtrivialdailyaffairs,leavinglittlesparetimeforlearning.40.______Fragmentedtimecanbeusedforreadingandknowledgebrowsing,whileconcentratedtimecanbearrangedforsystematiclearningandskilltraining.Thekeyistoformstablelearningawarenessandhabits,ratherthanrelyingonlargeblocksoffreetime.Inshort,lifelonglearningisnolongerapersonalchoicebutasocialnecessity.Ithelpsindividualsadapttosocialchanges,realizeself-valueandmaintainspiritualvitalityinafast-changingworld.[A]Buttoday,technologicalprogressandsocialinnovationmakeprofessionalknowledgeoutdatedinjustafewyears.[B]Manypeoplelackcorrectunderstandingoftheconnotationoflifelonglearning.[C]Schooleducationcanonlylayabasicfoundationforpersonalgrowth.[D]Fortunately,lifelonglearningdoesnotrequirelongcontinuouslearningtime.[E]Continuouslearningisthebestwaytoachievespiritualenrichmentandself-growth.[F]Traditionaleducationmodesfailtomeetpersonalizedlearningneeds.[G]Lifelonglearningmainlyfocusesonprofessionalcompetenceimprovement.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslat