大学英语四级模拟试卷591

大学英语四级模拟试卷591

一、作文（本题共/题，每题上0分，共1分。）

1、Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteALettertotheMayorofthe

Capital.SupposeyouarcLiMingfromPekingUniversity.Youhavewatchedthe2004

AthensOlympicGamesandareinterestedinbecomingavolunteerfor2008Beijing

OlympicGames.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow

inChinese:1.为北京2008年奥运会的筹备提出建议2.表达你想成为志愿者的愿望

标准答案：ALettertotheMayorof（heCapitalDearMr.Mayor,Iamaseniorin

PekingUniversity.The2008BeijingOlympicGamesiscomingintwoyears.After

watchingthe2004AthensOlympicGames,Icannothelpwritingtoyou.Firstly,Iwant

togiveasuggestionforthepreparationworkofthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.The

constructionworkofthesportsbuildingmustbecompletedirtime.InAthens,the

swimmingstadiumwasnotcompletedintimesotheeventhadtobeheldintheopenair,

whichhadbroughtnegativeeffectontheperformanceofathletes.Inoneword,toprotect

theinternationalimageofChinaandensuretheOlympiccompetition,wemustfinishour

preparationworkwonderfullyandintime.Secondly,Iwanttobeavolunteer.Ontheone

hand,itisthedutyofeveryChinesetodothisforthe2008OlympicGames.Ontheother

hand,IhaveagoodcommandofEnglishlanguage.ThereforeIcanbeaqualified

volunteer.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.Sincerelyyours.LiMing

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、快速阅读理解（本题共10题，每题1・0分，共10

分。）

LettheGamesBegin:WinterOlympics2006StartinTurinTheWinterOlympicGames

openFcbiuaiytenth.Anestimatedtwothousandfiveliundiedalhleiesandtwoiliousand

fivehundredofficialsfromabouteighty-fivecountrieswilltakepartinthegames.The

athleteswillcompetetowinmedalsineighty-fourevents.Theywilltesttheirskillsin

sevenwintersports:biathlon（冬季两项，包括越野滑雪和步枪射击）,bobsleigh（雪车）,

curling（冰壶）,icehockey（冰球）,luge（无舵雪橇）,skatingandskiing.Morethansix

hundredjudgesandotherofficialswillsupervisethegames.Abouttenthousandreporters

andmediaoperatorswillreportonthegames.Thousandsofpeoplewillattend,and

millionsmorearoundtheworldwillwatchtheOlympicsontelevision.Historyof

OlympicGamesThiswillbethetwentiethtimetheOlympicWinterGameshavebeen

held.ThelastWinterGameswereheldinSaltLakeCity,UtahintheUnitedStatesin

2002.ThenextWinterOlympicgameswilllakeplaceinVancouver,Canadain2010.

ThegoaloftheOlympicgamesisiobringpeoplelogeiherinpeaceiohonoruniversal

moralideasandtheOlympicspirit.ThemodernOlympicsarenamedaftergamesheldin

ancientlimes.ThegamesaresaidtohavestartedintheancientGreekcityofOlympia,

morethan2,700yearsago.ThefirstthirteenOlympicgameswerefootracesduring

celebrationstohonortheGreekgod,Zeus.Winnerswerehonoredwithacrownofolive

leavesplacedaroundtheirheads.Greececontinuedtoholdthegameseveryfouryears

forthenext1,000years.TheancientRomansbannedtheminthe4thcenturywhenthey

ruledGreece.TheRomansalsodestroyedtheOlympiccentersandsportsfields.Thefirst

modernOlympicswereheldinAthens,Greecein1896.Athletesfromeightcountries

competedintensports.AFrenchdiplomat,BaronPierredeCoubertin,hadproposeda

worldcelebrationofsportsliketheancientgamesinGreece.Thepurposewaslohelp

athletesdevelopstrengthandvaluesthroughcompetition.Andtheimernalionalevent

wouldprovideawayfbrathletesofallnationstobecomefriends.Today,theOlympics

aretheworld'smostfamoussportsevent.ThefiveringsoftheOlympicsignrepresent

thisathleticfriendship.Theyrepresentthelinking,throughsports,offivepartsofthe

world:Europe,Asia,Africa,AustraliaandtheAmericas.Thecolorsoftheringsareblue,

yellow,black,greenandred.UndertheringsistheOlympicsayinginLatin:"Citius,

Altius,Fortius."InEnglish,thewordsmean:"Swifter,Higher,Stronger."Sportsofthe

TurinWinterOlympicsTheTurinWinterOlympicswillinclude84eventsin7sports.

Someofthesportsarewellknown,likeskiingandskating.O:hcrs,likeluge,arcnot.

LugeistheFrenchwordfbrsled.Lugeathletesracebylyingontheirbacksonsledswith

steelrunners.Theathletescontrolthesledswiththeirfeetastheyspeeddownatrack

coveredwithice.Theycompetetoseewhoisthefastest.Thesledscanreachspeedsof

upto130kilometersanhour.Curlingisanothersportthatisnotaswellknown.Ilbegan

inScotland.Eachathleteonafour-memberteamslidesastoneacrosstheicetowarda

circulartarget.Thetargetisabouttwomelerswide.Theobjectistoslidethestonetothe

centerofthetarget.BiathlonwasaddedtotheWinterOlympicGamesinI960.This

sportbeganasamethodforsurvival.NorthernEuropeansskiedtohuntforfood.Later

theyskiedwithweaponstodefendtheircountries.Today,biathlonisconsidereda

combinationoftwosports:cross-countryskiingandrifleshooting.Snowboarding

becameanOlympicsportin1998.Inthissport,theathletes'feetareattachedtoaboard

astheymovequicklyonthesnow.Inoneevent,snowboardersslideupthesidesofa

hugeholebuiltespeciallytoperformjumps.Theathletesarejudgedontheirskillsand

howhightheyjump.FundraisingfortheTrainingOlympicathletesspendmanyhours

trainingforthegames.Thiscanbeverycostly.Inmanycountries,thegovernment

providesthemwithspecialtrainers,equipmentandeconomicsupport.IntheUnited

States,Olympicathletesdonotreceivesuchsupportfromthegovernment.Instead,they

dependonhelpfromprivategroupsandcompanies,orfromtheUnitedStatesOlympic

Committee.ThecommitteesupervisesallactivitiesoftheUnitedStatesOlympicteams.

TheUnitedStatesOlympicCommitteehelpsgainmoneytosupportAmericanathletes

whohopetocompetein(heOlympics.Itdoesthisinseveralways.Thecommittee

receivesmostofitsmoneyfromprivatecompanies.Thecompaniespaythecommittee

fbrtherightstousetheOlympicsigntohelpselltheirproducts.Thecommitteealso

earnsmoneybysellingsportinggoods,clothingandotherproductswiththeOlympic

sign.TelevisioncompaniesalsopaythecommitteefortherighttobroadcasttheOlympic

gamesaroundtheworld.OlympicTraditionsTheOlympicshavemanytraditions.For

example,aspecialOlympicflamealwaysburnsatthegames.InancientOlympia,afire

burnedforthegodZeusduringtheOlympicsportscompetition.Now,runnerscarrya

torchwith(heflamefromOlympia,Greece(othecitywhereeachOlympicsisheld.The

torchforthisWinterOlympicswaslitduringaspecialceremonyinOlympiainlate

November.ItwasthentransportedtoRome,Italy.OnDecember8,runnersbeganto

carryittothecityofTurin.Forthepasttwomonths,morethan10,000runnershave

takenturnscarryingtheflamethroughoutallprovincesandterritoriesinItaly.Theyhave

cardedtheflameadistanceofabout11,000kilometers.ThetorchwillarriveinTurinon

February10,justintimefortheopeningceremonyoftheWinterOlympicGames.

AnotherOlympictraditionismusic.Millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldwhowatch(he

Olympicsontelevisionknowonesongcalled"OlympicFanfare."Itwastakenfrom

"Bugler'sDream"byLeoArnaud.Themusicwasfirstheardduringthe1968Winter

OlympicGamesinGrenoble,France.Somesongswerewrittenespeciallyforthegames.

Asongcalled"OneMomentinTime"wasfirstheardatthe1988SummerOlympicsin

Seoul,SouthKorea.Itdescribesanathlete'sfeelingstowardhisorhersport.Itbecamea

popularhitrecordforAmericansingerWhitneyHouston.

2、ThearticlegivesanintroductiontotheTurinSummerOlympics,aswellasthe

history,fundsandtraditionsoftheOlympics.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、ThemjijorityoftheOlympicaudiencewillbethosewhowatchtelevision.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、ThemodernOlympicgamesareheldforthepurposeofmemorizingtheGreekgod,

Zeus.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、ThefirstmodernOlympicsattractedathletesfromtencountries.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、TherearesomeunfamiliarsportsintheTurinWinterOlympics,suchaslugeand

curling.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、BiathlonderivesfromasortofsurvivalskillemployedbyAmericans.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、ChineseOlympicathletesoftengetfinancialsupportfromprivatecompanies.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

TheUnitedStatesOlympicCommitteeraisesmoneyfromTelevisioncompaniesby

selling（hemtherighttobroadcast.

标准答案：theOlympicgames

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、AspecialtorchwillbepassedtothecityholdingtheOlympicGamesfrom.

标准答案：Olympia,Greece

知识点解析：暂无解析

11、WhitneyHouston,afamousAmericansinger,hassungapopularOlympicsong

named.

标准答案：OneMomentinTime

知识点解析：暂无解析

三、听力短对话（本题共8题，每题7.0分，共8分。）

12、

A、Howthemanfeelsaboutthenews.

B、Whetherthemanhasthemoney.

C、Ifthemanwilllosehisjob.

D^Whenthemanwillleave.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

13、

A^Hewon'tlendthenotestothewoman.

B、Hewantstostudywiththewoman.

C、Hewantstogohomeandsleep.

D、Hewilllendthenotestothewoman.

标准答案：A

知识点解析；暂无解析

14、

A、Hehasfourtests.

B、HehastwotestsonTuesday.

C、Hehastwoteststhisweek.

D、HislasttestisonMonday.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

15、

A、Heisateacherinaschool.

B、Heisalibrarianinaschool.

C、Heisareporterinanewspaperagency.

D、Heisanaccountantinacompany.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

16、

A、Sheisafraidofoversleeping.

B、Shedoesn'tneedtobuyanything.

C、Sheneedstoprepareforanexam.

D、Shedoesn'tlikethemall.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

17、

A、Goandreadundertheoaktreewiththeman.

B、Goandwritethereportwiththeman.

C^Stayathomeandfinishwritingherreport.

D、Stayathomeandfinishv/ritingherpaper.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

18、

A、Hisequipmentisbroken.

B、Hecan'tfindhisequipment.

C^Hefeelsheisnotbeingtreatedfairly.

D、Heissatisfiedwiththefunding.

标准答案：C、

知识点解析：暂无解析

19、

A、Salespeoplemustbepersistent.

B、Salespeopledon'tsellenough.

C、Salespeopleselltoomuch.

D、Salespeopleareinconsiderate.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

四、听力长对话(含3小题)(本题共3题，每题7.0

分，共3分。)

20、

A、Hehasalotoffreetime.

B、Sheknowshelikesacting.

C、Manyofhisfriendsareactors.

D、He'slookingfbranactingjob.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。Lily说她打电话是为了戏剧组的事情，说Ted可能会感兴趣

(Ithoughtyouwouldbeinterested),而Ted接下来的话(YouknowhowmuchIlove

acting)则解释了为什么Lily会认为他有兴趣，因此答案选B..

21、

A、Hehasn'tbeeninaplayfbralongtime.

B、Hehastorearrangehiseveningschedule.

C、Hemightnotlikethewaythegroupworks.

D、Hisschoolworkhastakenupmostofhistime.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推理题。Ted很喜欢表演，但是当Lily邀请他参加剧组表演时他说要

时间考虑一下，根据上题fit分析可知，主要是因为血功课繁重(I'mtakingsomevery

hardcourses),他几乎没有时间去排练，由此可知答案选D。

22、

A^Enjoytherehearsal,

B、Learnhispartquickly.

C、SeeheronWednesday.

D、PickheruponThursday.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。Lily说whydon'tyoucomeandwatchourrehearsal…？由此时

知，她是期望Ted能来看他们的排练。enjoy一词对应对话中howmuchfunitis的

fun。

五、听力长对话（含4小题）（本题共4题，每题7.0

分，共4分。）

23、

A、Thestrengthofoceancurrents.

B、Themovementofsedimentdeepintheocean.

C、Anewwayofmeasuringthedepthoftheocean.

D^Thebestmethodsforstudyingdeepoceanprocesses.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。对话一开始女士向男士咨询Chap⑻•12中让她不明白的内

容：ittalksabouterosionandthedepositofsediment（solidmatterthatsettlesatthe

bottomofaliquid）onthedeepseafloor,butTmconfused.»去面对话中男士都是针

对此问题展开回答，可见整个对话讨论的话题是海底沉淀物的处置或者动向。

24、

A、Whataturbiditycurrentis.

B、Thecausesofunderwaterearthquakes.

C、Howwindscanaffectsomeoceancurrents.

D、Whythebooktalksabou:turbiditycurrents.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。男十在解释海底沉淀物运动时提到了turbiditycurrents,并

且认为这个术语曾经在课堂上提及过Thiswasn'tinthebookbutthetermcameupin

class,所以紧接着男士问Doyourememberwhatitmeans?,可见教授希望学生解释

turbiditycurrentso

25、

A、Bycrushinglargeamountsofstone.

B、Bycausingmudorsandtomixwithoceanwater.

C、BycreatinglargewavesontheSurfaceoftheocean.

D,Bygreatlyincreasingtheocean'sdepthinsomeareas.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理题。短文在对turbidilycurrents进行解释时提到Isn'tthaiwhen

sedimentlikesandormudgetsstirredupandmixeswithwater..…而教授认为,海底

的沉淀物运动具有turbiditycurrents运动的同样原理，即由于地震带动泥和沙连同

海水混合一起运动，所以B符合题意。

26、

A、Toexplaintheeffectsofturbiditycurrents.

B、Toexplainhowwindscauseturbiditycurrents.

C、Toremindthestudentaboutthenextassignment.

D^Toremindthestudentwhereoceansedimentsoriginate.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。短文在提及地震带动海底底层（layer）的泥沙沉淀物运动状态

时提及desertwinds带动沙的运动状态，两者之间的共同点是都在运动过程中带动

泥或者沙的沉淀物，这个特征也正是lurbidilycurrents运动时所具有的特征，所以

提及desertwinds的运动特征能解释turbiditycurrents所带来的影响。

六、听力短文（含3小题）（本题共6题，每题1.0

分,共6分。）

27、

A、Acomparisonbetweenthepoorestcountriesandrichestcountries.

B、Anaidforhealthcaretodevelopingcountries.

C、Therelationshipbetweenhealthcareandeconomicgrowth.

D、Theinvestmentindevelopingcountries.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。文章开头就指出TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasreleaseda

reportabouthowdiseaseweakenstheeconomiesofpoorcountries.可见报告的内容是

关于卫生保健和经济发展的关系。

28,

A^Thegovernmentindevelopingcountriesshouldnotrelyonforeignaidforhealth

care.

B、Themoreinvestmentinhealthcare,thebettereconomicgrowth.

C、Somerichcountriesarcunwillingtohelpdevelopingcountriesinhealthcare.

D^Itiswiseforthegovernmentsofdevelopingcountriestoinvestinhealthcare.

标准答案：D

知识点解析:推理题。根捱文章Thestudycallsforalargeincreaseinforeignaidfor

healthcareservicesindevelopingcountries可知因为疾病会阻碍经济发展，所以投资

健康事业是明智的。

29、

A^38dollars.

B、48dollars.

C、30dollars.

13dollars.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。从短文TheWHOsaysthisamounlshouldbeincreasedlo

thirty-eightdollarsayearforeachperson.,可知至少每人每年要花38美元在医疗保

健上。minimumcost指“最低费用”。

3。、

A^Childrencanhavefunfromi(.

B、Peoplecanachievepersonalexcellencefromit.

C、Thewinnerwillbegreatlyhonored.

D、1(canrealizethedreamsofanentirenation.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。文中说运动的精髓(essence)也就是themostimportantthing

在于ihepursuitofpersonalexcellence,B是其同义转述。

31、

A、BecauseBrazilwontheWorldCup.

B、BecausetherewasalwayswonderfulfootballmatchesinBrazil.

C、BecausethemostfamousfootballerlivedinBrazil.

D、Becausetheywantedtolearnthebestfootballskills.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。Brazil后接的定语从句whowonthecup说明了大批苏格兰人

花费巨资去巴西旅游的原I大，因为巴西赢得了世界杯。

32、

A、Toprovethatfootballistheworld'smostimportantsport.

B、ToshowthatBrazilisbelterthanallothers.

C、TocompareScotlandwithBrazil.

D、Toexplaintheessenceofsport.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：主旨题。文章笫一句就提出了主题theessenceofsport”运动的精髓”，

后来又提到的Sportsfansandsupportersgetquiteirrational“不理屉的"abouttheWorld

C叩也说明说话人不赞成人们过于在意比赛的输赢，因为那不是运动的精髓。

七、听力短文(含4小题)(本题共4题，每题1.0

分,共4分。)

33、

A^Theconsequenceofstress.

B、Thenegativeeffectofstress.

C、Therealitiesofstress.

D、Thepositiveeffectofstress.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：主旨题。这篇材料谈论的是stress“压力”，说压力无处不在，并影响

人们的生活，即压力存在的客观现实。选项C符合题意。

34、

A^Byfindingouthowtogetridofit.

B、Dyexercisingvigorously.

C^Bygettingmoreofit.

D、Bygettingtherightamountofit.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。选项D符合题意，依据是。Similarly,weallneedtofind

theproperlevelofstressthatpromotesoptimalperformance,选项中的rightamount就

是听力材料proper1evel的同义转述。

35、

A^Health.

B、Training.

C、Adisaster.

D、Music.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。选项A符合题意，依据是it（指前句的health）isaveryrobust

stateofphysicalandemotionalwellbeing（hatacknowledgestheimportanceand

inseparabilityofmind/bodyrelationships“健康是一种体力和情感雇全的状态”，

physicalandemotionalwellbeing指的就是stresso

36、

A^Teachpeoplehowtoreducestress.

B、Teachpeoplewherestresscomesfrom.

C、Teachpeoplehowtousestresseffectively.

Teachpeoplehowtobemoreproductive.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。选项C符合题意，依据是最后一句InIhenexlprogram,【

hopeyouwilljoinmeinthepursuitoflearninghowtoexploitstress,sothatitcan

workforyou,andmakeyoumoreproductive,ratherthanself-destructive,关键词是

exploitstress,workforyou,productiveexploit-use

八、听力复合式听写（本题共〃题，每题，.0分，共

〃分。）

It'sofficialthatmarriedpeoplearehealthier,oratleasttheythinktheyare.AnAmerican

[Bl]ofover100,000peopleshowsthat,despitechangingsocial[B2]

.insociety,（hereisalinkbetween*beingmarriedandbeing[B3].One

reasoncouldbethatpeoplewithphysical,mentalor[B4]problemsare[B5]

likelytomarryintheirfirstplace,butmarriedpeoplealso[B6]from

greatersupportfromfamilyandfriendsandthis[B7]theirhealth,Divorceand

lossofaclosefriendorrelativeincreasedepression,aswellasaffectingmanypeople

[B8].Marriedpeoplearelesslikelythansinglepeopletosmoke,drinkheavily

ordriveaftertheyhavebeendrinking.[B9]Allofthesereducethechancesof

diseaseorinjury.[B10].Soitseemsthatthebestadviceisgetmarried,but

makesureyoufindtherightpartner.[Bl1]

37、[Bl]

标准答案：survey

知识点解析：survey意为“调查”。这句话的谓语是shows,shows后面通常接表示

“本质”或“结果”的；over100,000people修饰所填词,所填词为主语。因此，此处

要求填入一个单数名词。上一句中的official（正式的，权威的）和survey照应，对超

过100,000people进行调查，其结果当然是权威的。

38、[B2]

标准答案:patterns

知识点解析：pallems意为“模式”。这句话中的ihat引导宾语从句，宾语从句中含

有despite引导的让步状语，despite（不管，尽管）是介词，后面加名词或名词短语，

socialpatterns意为“社会模式，社会形态

39、[B3]

标准答案:fit

知识点解析：fit意为“健康的文章第一句是全文的主旨句，也是本段的主题句，

强调了married和healthier之间的联系。“thereisalink…”这句话紧扣主题，and前

后均为being结构，要保持结构一致，所填词就应该和married一样是形容词，而

且在语义上和第一句中的healthier照应。

40、[B4]

标准答案：emotional

知识点解析：emotional意为“感情（上）的”。这句话中的逗号和or表示选择性的并

列，即physical、mental和所填词三者并列，故此处要求慎入一个和people有关的

形容词。

41、【B5】

标准答案：less

知识点解析：less意为“更少地，更小地”。这句话中的“arelikelytodosth.”结构表

声“有可能做某事"，这里，likely是形容词，所填词位于形容词前面，最有可能是

副词。按照上段所说“marriedpeoplearehealthier"，有physical,mentalor

emotionalproblems的人就很有可能没有married。因此，所填副词应该隐含否定之

意。

42、[B6]

标准答案：benefit

知识点解析：benefit意为“得益”。所填词与from构成固定搭配，与support形成语

义场共现。

43、[B7]

标准答案：improves

知识点解析：improves意为“改善”。所填词前面的this指代的是greatersupport

fromfamilyandfriends,and前面的内容是说结婚的人得益「此，and后面的内容反

过来说this对theirhealth的作用，两者应是相互促进的。那么，所填词应和上半句

的benefit照应。

44、[B8]

标准答案：financially

知识点解析：financially意为“财政上，金融上这句话中的aswellas表示其前后

是并列关系，“increasedepression"和“affectingmanypeople"都是Divorceand

lossofaclosefriendorrelative的消极后果。前者是指精神上的沮丧，后者应该是指

在其他方面的负面影响。

45、[B9]

标准答案：Theyarealsomerelikelytowearseatbeltsinacarandinstallsafetydevices

intheirhomes

知识点解析：Theyarealsoprobablywearseatbeltsandinstallsafetydevicesintheir

homes

46、[BIO]

标准答案：Singlepeople,bycontrast,tendtoleadlessorganizedlivesandtheytakeless

careofwhatandwhentoeat

知识点解析：Singlepeople:endtoleadlessorganizedlivesandtakelesscareofdiet

47、[Bll]

标准答案：Ifyougetitwrong,thestressofadivorcecouldmeanyourhealthgetsworse

thanwhenyouweresingle

知识点解析：Ifyougetitwrong,thestressofadivorcecouldmakeyourhealthget

worse

九、阅读（选词填空）（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共

10分。）

Thereisnothingmorefatiguingthannotsucceeding-beingblocked,notmovingahead.It

isa（SI]circle.Failurebreedsfatigue,andthefatiguemakesithardertogetto

work,whichtendsto[S2]thefailure.Weexperiencethistirednessintwomain

ways:asstart-upfatigueandperformancefatigue.Intheformercase,wekeepputtingoff

a[S3]thatweareforcedtotakeup.Eitherbecauseitistoo[S4]or

becauseitistoodifficult,weavoidit.Andthelongerwe[S5]it,themoretired

wcfeel.Suchstart-upfatigueisveryreal,evenifnot[S6]physical,not

somethinginourmusclesandbones.Theremedyisobvious,thoughperhapsnot[S7]

toapply:anexertionofwillpower.ThemomentIfindmyselfturningawayfrom

ajob,orputtingitunderapileofotherthingsIhavetodo,Iclearmydeskofeverything

elseandattachtheobjectionableitemfirst.To[S8]start-upfatigue,always

tacklethemostdifficultjobfirst.Performancefatigueismoredifficulttohandle.Here

wearenot[S9]togetstartedbutwecannotseemtodothejobright.Its

difficultiesappearinsurmountableandhoweverhardwework,wefailagainandagain.

Themountingexperienceoffailurecarrieswithitanever-in-creasingburdenofmental

fatigue.Insucha[SIO],IworkashardasIcanthenlettheunconscioustake

over.[A]question[F]easy[K]tedious[B]reluctant[G|task[L]situation[C]

consistently[H]postpone[M]accept（D]vicious[I]necessary[N]breakthrough[E]

compound[JJactually[O]prevent

48、[SI]

标准答案：D

知识点解析：由circle（循环）可以看出，此处需要一个形容词来修饰，下文说：

Failurebreedsfatigue»andthefatigue...tendsto...thefailure,由此可看出这是一个恶

性循环，在给出的形容词选项中只有Vicious（恶意的，刻毒的）具有明显的否定含

义，viciouscircle是一个固定搭配，意思是“恶性循环

49、[S2]

标准答案；E

知识点解析：分析句子成分可知本句缺少谓语动词。前面说：失败产生疲倦，疲倦

使得工作变得更加困难，如此恶性循环，必然导致加重失败。可供选择的动词中

compound（加重、增重），compoundthefailure加重失败，符合文中的搭配，为正确

选项。

50、[S3]

标准答案：G

知识点解析：由前面的a和weareforcedtotakeup,可知此处需要填一个名词。前

文说wekeepputtingoff我们一直拖延，后文说weareforcedtotakeup我们不得不

从事，可知这应该是件有一定困难的事情。在众多名词选项中只有[G]lask（任务）.

暗含“困难”的意思，符合语境；takeuptask接收任务，符合搭配。

51、[S4]

标准答案：K

知识点解析：either…of（表示在两种可能性当中选择一种），前文说weareforcedlo

takeup（atask）,后文说或是因为…，或是因为困难，我们逃避它（task。这样一个

difficult,让我们avoid的任务，还应该是tedious（单调乏味的）的，而不应该是

|F]easyo

52、[S51

标准答案：H

知识点解析：首先判断此处有主语we、宾语il,需要填的是谓语，即动词。注意

所填词前的修饰词ihelonger（长的），只有postpone（推迟，延迟）与之照应，意思是

我们拖延的越久，就会感到越累。

53、[S6]

标准答案：J

知识点解析：所填的词修饰physical（身体的），需要是副词。即从Cconsistenlly和

[J]actually中选择，后面又解释说somethinginourmusclesandbones,再次强调

physical,根据上下文，应该选actually（事实上）。

54、[S7]

标准答案：F

知识点解析：分析本句成分可知此空应填动词。前面说Theremedyisobvious补救

方法显而易见，Ihough表示转折，后面应该填一个表示相反意思的词easy。

55、[S8]

标准答案：0

知识点解析：后面说alwaystacklethemostdifficultjobfirst先处理最困难的工作，

这就是解决start-upfatigue的办法，所以前面应该是topreventstart-upfatigue预防

工作开始时出现的疲乏。

56、[S9]

标准答案：B

知识点解析：这段开始叙述performancefatigue执行过程中的疲乏。前面说Here

wearenottogetstarted,接着出现了一个but表示转折，but与前面的Here形成里

对比，相对于start-upfatigue开始出现的疲乏，performancefatigue特点在于过程，

所以不是一开始就遭遇困难；即notreluctanttogetstarted。

57、[S10]

标准答案：L

知识点解析：注意前面的介词in,能与in搭配的名词只剩下了situation,insucha

situation”在这种情况下

十、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共〃题，每题，.0

分，共10分。）

Justiceinsocietymustincludebothafairtrialtotheaccusedandtheselectionofan

appropriatepunishmentforthoseprovenguilty.Becausejusticeisregardedasoneform

ofequality,wefindinitsearlierexpressionstheideaofapunishmentequaltothecrime.

Recordedin（heOkiTestamentistheexpression"aneyeforaneye.andatoothfora

tooth".Thatis,theindividualwhohasdonewronghascommittedanoffenseagainst

society.Tomakeupforthisoffense,societymustgeteven.Thiscanbedoneonlyby

doinganequalinjurytohim.Thisconception（观念）ofretributivejusticeisreflectedin

manypartsofthelegaldocumentsandproceduresofmoderntimes.Ilisillustratedwhen

wedemandthedeathpenaltyfbrapersonwhohascommittedmurder.Thisphilosophyof

punishmentwassupportedbytheGermanidealist,Hegel.Hebelievedthatsocietyowed

ittothecriminaltogiveapunishmentequaltothecrimehehadcommitted.Thecriminal

hadbyhisownactionsdeniedhistrueselfanditisnecessarytodosomethingthatwill

counteract（对抗）lhisdenialandrestoretheselfthathasbeendenied.Tothemurderer

nothinglessthangivinguphisownlifewillpayhisdebt.Thedemandofthedeath

penaltyisaright,thestateowesthecriminalanditshouldnoldenyhimhisdue.Modem

juristshavetriedtoreplaceretributivejusticewiththenotionofCorrectivejustice.The

aimofthelatterisnottoabandontheconceptofequalitybuttofindamoreadequateway

toexpressit.Ittriestopreservetheideaofequalopportunityforeachindividualto

realizethebestthatisinhim.Thecriminalisregardedasbeingsociallyillandinneedof

treatmentthatwillenablehimtobecomeanormalmemberofsociety.Beforeatreatment

canbeadministered（实施）,thecauseofhisantisocialbehaviormustbefound.Ifthe

causecanberemoved,provisionsmustbemadetohavethisdone.Onlythosecriminals

whoareincurableshouldbepermanentlyseparatedfromtherestofthesociety.Thisdoes

notmeanthatcriminalswillescapepunishmentorbequicklyreturnedtotakeupcareers

crime.Itmeansthatjusticeistohealtheindividual-notsimplytogetevenwithhim.If

severepunishmentistheonlyadequatemeansfbraccompanyingthis,itshouldbe

administered.However,theindividualshouldbe'giveneveryopportunitytoassumea

normalplaceinsociety,hisconvictionofcrimemustnoldeprive（录U夺）himofthe

opportunitytomakehiswayin由esocietyofwhichheisapart.

58、Howisretributivejusticereflectedinthepracticeoflaw?

A^Bymakinguphisoffensematerially.

B、Byproclaiminghisconvictionof（hecrime.

C、Byisolatingthecriminalsfromthelawabidinggroup.

D、Bypunishinghimtothesameextentthatthedamageisdone.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：步实细节题。第一段第七句中Thisconceptionofretributivejustice应

该是指上文的内容，即犯法的人要承受与其违法行为等同的惩罚。

59、Differentfromretributivejustice,correctivejusticeisadoptedinthewayaccording

tothe.

A^outcomeofthesentence

B、severityofthepunishment

C、typeofcrimethatwasproven

D、theadministrationofthehigherlawsystem

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实细节题。根据第二段第六句和第七句，如果罪犯违法的动机可以

被消除，那么就必须有法律条款来做到这•点，只有那些无可救药的犯人才应该永

久地与社会隔离。

60、Anadvocateofcorrectivejusticewillstronglyoppose.

A^imprisonment

B、deathpenalty

C、appealing

D^forcedlabor

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第三句，correclivejustice意味着公正

是用来救人的，而绝非简单地给人等同的惩罚。因此可以推断出提倡corrective

justice的人会反对死刑。

61、Thebiblicalexpression'aneyeforaneye,andatoothforatooth"iscitedtosuggest

that.

A、menareoriginallybornsinners

B、justiceis(hebackboneofthelawsystem

C、punishmentisanecessarypartofshowingequality

D^retributivejusticecomplieswiththemoralstandardsofthereligion

标准答案：C

知识点解析：语义理解题。第一段第二句说，一句古语提到了对人的惩罚要和他所

犯的罪行等同的观点