雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《Advancing Molecular Imaging（山东大学）》单元测试考核答案

AdvancingMolecularImaging第1题Molecularimagingbelongstowhichofthefollowingimagingclassifications?AAnatomicImagingBFunctionalimagingCStructuralImagingDTissueImaging第2题Thethreekeyelementsofmolecularimagingtechnologyinclude:AAhighlyspecificmolecularprobeBAnappropriatesignalamplificationtechnologyCAdetectionsystemcapableofsensitivelyacquiringhigh-resolutionimagesDAhigh-intensityexternalmagneticfield第3题Whatarethefeaturesofmolecularimaging?ANon-invasiveBInvivoCReal-timeDVisualization第4题Themainbiologicalcharacteristicsofareceptorinclude:ASpecificityBAffinityCSaturationDReversibility第5题Thetypesofmolecularrecognitionmentionedinthelectureincludetheinteractionbetween:AReceptorsandligandsBAntigensandantibodiesCEnzymesandsubstratesDNucleotidechains第6题Inoncology,whatisthemostwidelyusedPETimagingagentinclinicalpractice?A99mTc-MIBIB18F-FDGCGadoliniumcontrastagentDSuperparamagneticironoxides(SPIOs)第7题Whichofthefollowingaremodalitiesofmolecularimaging?ARadionuclideimagingBMagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)CUltrasoundimagingDOpticalimaging第8题Opticalmolecularimagingcanbedividedintowhichofthefollowingtypes?AFluorescenceimagingBBioluminescenceimagingCPhotoacousticimagingDX-rayimaging第9题Whichmetabolicimagingagentwasnamedthe"moleculeofthecentury"byProfessorWagner?A18F-FDGB11C-RacloprideC99mTc-AnnexinVD124I-FIAU第10题Futuredirectionsforthedevelopmentofmolecularimaginginclude:ADeepintegrationofmultimodalmolecularimagingBWidespreadapplicationofnovelnanomaterialsCAI-enhancedimageanalysisDExpansionofdiseaseresearchanddiagnosticfields第11题Whatistheoverarchingaimofmolecularimaging?AToprovidehigh-resolutionanatomicalimagesoforgans.BTostudymolecularandcellulareventswithinthecontextofanintactlivingsubject.CToreplacetheneedfortissuebiopsiesentirely.DTomeasuretheelectricalactivityofthebrain.第12题Thegeneralprocessofmolecularimaginginvolvesfourmainsteps.Whatisthestepthatfollowsallowingtheprobetodistributethroughoutthesubject?ASubjectpreparationandintroductionoftheprobe.BCollectionofsignaltodevelopanimage.CDetectionofasignalfromtheMIprobes.DComputermodelingand3Dvisualization.第13题Whatarethemainchallengesassociatedwithusingwholeantibodiesforinvivoimaging?ATheyhavealargemolecularweightandpoortissuepenetration.BTheycanbeimmunogenicandcauseaHAMA(humananti-murineantibody)effect.CTheyhaveverylowbindingaffinity.DTheyclearfromthebloodtooquickly.第14题WhichcontrastagentsarecommonlyusedformolecularMRI?AGadolinium(Gd)-basedagentsBIodinatedcontrastmediaCSuperparamagneticironoxides(SPIOs)DMicrobubbles第15题Whatistheprimaryadvantageofusingnanomaterialsasprobesinmolecularimaging?ATheyarealwayscheapertoproducethantraditionalprobes.BTheycanbeengineeredforhighspecificityandcanalsoserveasdrugcarriers.CTheyareonlyvisiblewithopticalimaging.DTheynaturallyavoidallimmuneresponses.第1题Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthe"targetingmoiety"inamolecularimagingprobe()ATogenerateadetectablesignalfortheimagingdevice.BToconnectthesignalingandtargetingcomponents.CTorecognizeandbindwithhighaffinitytoaspecificbiologicaltarget.DToensuretheprobecancrosstheblood-brainbarrier.第2题Whatisthedefiningcharacteristicofanactivatable("smart")probe()AItusesanantibodyasitstargetingmoiety.BItisalwaysinadetectable"on"statetomaximizesignal.CItswitchesfromaquiescent"off"statetoadetectable"on"stateuponinteractingwithitstargetormicroenvironment.DItisexclusivelyusedforPETimaging.第3题Whatisaprimaryadvantageofusingengineeredantibodyfragments(likeFaborscFv)overfull-lengthantibodiesforimaging()ATheyhaveamuchlongercirculationhalf-life.BTheyhavesignificantlylargermolecularweight.CTheyclearmuchfasterfromcirculation,leadingtohighertumor-to-backgroundratios.DTheybindtoawiderrangeofantigensthantheparentantibody.第4题HowdoT1contrastagents,suchasthosebasedonGadolinium(),affectanMRimage()ATheyshortentheT2relaxationtime,makingtissuesappeardarker.BTheyshortentheT1relaxationtime,makingtissuesappearbrighter.CTheydirectlyemitaradiofrequencysignal.DTheyhavenoeffectonimagecontrast.第5题Whichofthefollowingaredesirablecharacteristicsofanidealmolecularimagingprobe?()AHighbindingaffinityandspecificity.BFavorablepharmacokinetics,includingrapidclearanceofunboundprobe.CHighstabilityinvivotoresistdegradation.DLowtoxicityandimmunogenicity.第6题Forinvivofluorescenceimaging,whyareNear-Infrared()dyeshighlypreferred()ATheyemitlightinthevisiblespectrum.BTheyofferdeepertissuepenetrationandreducedlightscatteringcomparedtovisiblelightdyes.CTheyarelessexpensivethananyothertypeofdye.DTheyareexclusivelyusedformicroscopy.第7题Inthetripartitestructureofamolecularprobe,whatistheroleofthe"linker"()AToprovidespecificityforthebiologicaltarget.BToproducethedetectablesignal.CTocovalentlyconnectthetargetingandsignalingmoietiesandmodulatetheprobe'sproperties.DTomaketheproberadioactive.第8题WhatisthekeyadvantageofabioorthogonalligationreactionlikeStrain-PromotedAzide-AlkyneCycloaddition()()AItrequiresacoppercatalysttoproceed.BItcanoccurwithinalivingsystemwithoutinterferingwithnativebiochemicalprocesses.CItonlyworksforattachingprobestopeptides.DItisaveryslowreaction,allowingforcarefulcontrol.第9题Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofendogenousstimulithatcanbeusedtotrigger"smart"oractivatableprobes()AChangesinpH.BThepresenceofspecificenzymes.CAreducingenvironment(e.g.,highlevelsofGSH).DAnexternallightsource.第10题WhatisaNanobody()?()AAfull-lengthIgGantibody.BThesmallestknownintactantigen-bindingfragment,derivedfromheavy-chainantibodies.CAsyntheticpeptidethatmimicsanantibody.DAtypeofdiabody.第11题SuperparamagneticIronOxideNanoparticles()aremostcommonlyusedaswhattypeofMRIcontrastagent()AT1-weighted(positive)contrastagents.BT2/T2*-weighted(negative)contrastagents.CPARACESTagents.DNon-specificbackgroundenhancers.第12题Whatistheprimarylimitationofinvivoopticalimaging()AUseofionizingradiation.BHighinstrumentationcost.CPoorsensitivity.DRestrictedtissuepenetrationdepthoflight.第13题Microbubbles,themostcommonultrasoundcontrastagents,aregenerallyconfinedtotheintravascularspaceduetotheirsize.第14题Photoacousticimaging(PAI)isahybridmodalitythatcombinesopticalexcitationwithultrasounddetection.第15题Copper(I)-CatalyzedAzide-AlkyneCycloaddition(CuAAC)isaprominentexampleof"clickchemistry"usedinprobesynthesis,butitsuseofacoppercatalystcanbealimitationforinvivoapplications.HomeworkofChapter3第1题Whatisthefunctionofacollimatorinagammacamera()AToconvertgammaraysintolightphotons.BToamplifytheelectricalsignal.CTofilterthegammarayssothatonlythosetravelingparalleltoaspecifieddirectionaredetected.DTorotatethedetectoraroundthepatient.第2题Whichofthefollowingarecorecomponentsofanuclearmedicineimagingdevice'sdetectorsystem()AScintillationCrystal(e.g.,NaI(Tl))BPhotomultiplierTube(PMT)CElectricalcircuitsforsignalprocessingDApowerfulmagnet第3题Foranidealdiagnosticradiopharmaceutical,whattypeofemissionispreferred()APureAlpha(α)emitter.BPureBeta(β)emitter.CPureGamma(γ)emitter.DNoemission.第4题Whatisakeycharacteristicoftheradionuclidetracingtechnique()AIthaslowsensitivity.BItrequireslargeamountsofthelabeledcompound,whichaltersthephysiologicalprocess.CIthasveryhighsensitivity,allowingdetectionofsubstancesinnanogramamountsorless.DItcanonlyprovidequalitativeinformation.第5题Inbetaminus(β-)decay,whatchangeoccurswithinthenucleus()AAprotonisconvertedintoaneutron.BAneutronisconvertedintoaproton.CTwoprotonsandtwoneutronsareemitted.DAnorbitalelectroniscapturedbythenucleus.第6题Whatisthe"Annihilation"processassociatedwithpositron(β+)decay()AApositrondecaysintoaproton.BApositroncollideswithanelectron,producingtwo511keVgammaphotons.CApositroniscapturedbyanucleus.DApositronemitsanalphaparticle.第7题Foranidealtherapeuticradiopharmaceutical,whattypeofemissionisgenerallypreferred()APureGamma(γ)emitter.BPureBeta(β)emitter.CX-rayemitter.DPositron(β+)emitter.第8题Whatisthefundamentalprincipleof"Identity"inradionuclidetracing()AAllradionuclideshaveidenticaldecaymodes.BTheradioactiveisotopeanditsstablecounterpartarechemicallydifferent.CAradioisotopeusedforlabelingbehaveschemicallyidenticallytoitsstablecounterpart,thusnotalteringthecompound'sbiologicalpathway.DThedetectioninstrumentcannotdistinguishbetweendifferentradionuclides.第9题Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofinvivotracingtechniques()ARadioimmunoassay.BAutoradiography.CDeterminationoforganfunctionwitharadionuclidetracer.DRadionuclidetracerimaging(e.g.,PET/SPECT).第10题Inalpha(α)decay,howdotheatomicnumber(Z)andmassnumber(A)ofthenucleuschange.AZdecreasesby1,Aisunchanged.BZincreasesby1,Aisunchanged.CZdecreasesby2,Adecreasesby4.DZisunchanged,Aisunchanged.第11题Gamma(γ)rayshavethehighestpenetratingpoweramongalpha,beta,andgammaradiation,andcanbestoppedbyasheetofpaper.第12题Inaradiolabeledcompound,thebiologicalbehaviorinvivoisprimarilydeterminedbytheradionuclide,notthepharmaceuticalsubstanceitisattachedto.第13题ALiquidScintillationCounterisprimarilyusedtomeasuregamma(γ)emittingradionuclides.第14题18F-FDGisconsideredahighlyspecificmolecularimagingprobeforimagingmalignanttissuebecauseitisnottakenupbyanyothercelltypes.第15题Bydefinition,allRadiopharmaceuticalsforMolecularImaging(RP-MI)arehighlyspecificformeasuringaparticularbiologicalprocessandareconsideredtargetedradiopharmaceuticals.HomeworkofChapter4第1题1、Accordingtothelecture,whatarethebasiccharacteristicsofreceptor-ligandbinding?()ASaturabilityBSpecificityandhighaffinityCReversibilityDConsistencywithphysiologicaleffects第2题WhatistheprimaryprincipleofRadioimmunoimaging()?()AUsingradiolabeledglucosetomeasuremetabolism.BUsingradiolabeledmonoclonalantibodiestospecificallytargettumor-associatedantigens.CUsingradiolabeledAnnexinVtodetectapoptosis.DUsingradiolabeledligandstobindtoneuroreceptors.第3题A.Toincreasethemolecularweighttoprolongbloodcirculation.()AToincreasetheallergicresponsetostimulatetheimmunesystem.BToimprovespecificity,reducemolecularweight,andreduceallergicreactions.CTouseonlymouse-derivedantibodiesforallapplications.第4题Whatisthekeymoleculareventonthecellsurfaceduringearlyapoptosisthatallowsforimagingwithprobeslike99mTc-AnnexinV()ATheexpressionofglucosetransporters.BTheexternalizationofphosphatidylserine(PS)fromtheinnertotheoutercellmembrane.CThebreakdownofthecellmembrane(necrosis).DTheexpressionoftumor-specificantigens.第5题Whichofthefollowingarenewertypesoftracersbeingdevelopedformetabolismimagingbeyondglycolysis.()AAminoAcids(e.g.,18F-FDOPA)BNucleosides(e.g.,18F-FLT)CCholineDHypoxia-SpecificTracers(e.g.,18F-MISO)第6题Whatisakeyrequirementforaradioligandusedinbrainreceptorimaging.()AItmustbeaverylargemolecule.BItmustbeabletopassthroughtheblood-brainbarrier.CItshouldberapidlymetabolizedinthebrain.DItshouldhavelowspecificactivity.第7题Whichofthefollowingarerequirementsforagoodtargetedantibodyinradioimmunoimaging.()AHighspecificityandstability.BFastclearancefromnon-targettissue.CHighconcentrationandlongretentionintumortissue.DLowspecificitytoallowforbroadimaging.第8题WhatisaScFv(singlechainantibodyfragment).()AAfullintactIgGmolecule.BAmoleculewheretheheavyandlightchainvariabledomains(VHandVL)arejoinedbyapeptidelinker.CAnantibodyfragmentderivedbyenzymaticdigestion.DAtypeofnanobody.第9题Alteredmetabolismisconsideredahallmarkofcancercells.Whatistheprimaryreasonforthisalteration.()ATodecreasetheirsize.BTosupporttheiruncontrolledproliferationbyincreasingnutrientuptake.CTohidefromtheimmunesystem.DToreducetheirenergyconsumption.第10题Inthecontextofbrainimaging,whatpercentageofthebody'stotalglucoseutilizationdoesthebrainaccountfor.()A2%B15%C25%D50%第11题18F-FDGisananalogueofglucosethat,oncetakenupbyacellandphosphorylated,cannotbefurthermetabolized,causingittobetrappedinsidethecell.第12题NeuroreceptorimagingisimportantfordiagnosingandresearchingneuropsychiatricdiseaseslikeParkinson'sdisease.第13题Apoptosisisaformofuncontrolled,passivecelldeathidenticaltonecrosis.第14题18F-FDGPETistheonlyavailablemethodformetabolicimaginginnuclearmedicine.第15题Foraradioligandtobeeffectiveinreceptorimaging,itshouldhaveanextremelyhighbindingaffinity(KD<0.1nM)toensureitneverdissociatesfromthereceptor.HomeworkofChapter5第1题WhatistheprimaryadvantageofcombiningSPECTwithCTinahybridSPECT/CTsystem?AItreducesthecostoftheSPECTscanner.BItallowsforthefunctional/moleculardatafromSPECTtobeaccuratelylocalizedwithintheanatomicalframeworkprovidedbyCT.CIteliminatestheneedforaradiotracer.DItincreasesthespeedoftheCTscan.第2题WhatarethebenefitsofahybridPET/CTsystemcomparedtoacquiringPETandCTscansseparately.()AReducedtotalexamtime.BImprovedimagecoregistrationandconfidence.CIncreasedpatientconvenience.DFewerequivocalinterpretations.第3题WhatisamajoradvantageofMRIoverCTinahybridimagingcontext.()AMRIismuchfasterthanCT.BMRIusesionizingradiation.CMRIhassuperiorsoft-tissuecontrast.DMRIislessexpensive.第4题PET/MRIhasbeensuccessfullyappliedtothestudyofwhichtypesofcancers.()ACNS(CentralNervousSystem)tumorsBBreastcancerCProstatecancerDNeuroendocrinetumors第5题Whatisatrimodalimagingsystem,suchastheAlbiraPET/SPECT/CT.()AAsystemthatcanonlyimagetheheart.BAsystemthatcombinesthreedifferentimagingmodalities(PET,SPECT,andCT)intoasingleintegratedscanner.CAsystemthatusesthreedifferenttypesofPETtracerssimultaneously.DAsystemdesignedonlyforopticalimaging.第6题WhatisapotentialissuewhenperformingSPECT/CTofthelungs?.()ATheCTscanistooslow.BTheSPECTscanistoofast.CAbreath-heldCTfreezesmotionatonepoint,whilethelongerSPECTscanaveragesmotionovertherespiratorycycle,potentiallycausingmisregistration.DThelungsarenotvisibleonCT.第7题WhatkindofinformationdoesPETprimarilyprovideinaPET/CTscan.()ADetailedanatomicalandstructuralinformation.BInformationaboutbonedensity.CFunctionalinformationaboutmetabolism,bloodflow,andbiochemicalprocesses.DInformationaboutsofttissuecontrast.第8题WhatisamajordisadvantageorlimitationofPET/MRIcomparedtoPET/CT.()APET/MRIprovidespoorersoft-tissuecontrast.BAtypicalPET/MRIstudytakesconsiderablylongertoacquire.CPET/MRIusesmoreionizingradiation.DItisimpossibletoacquirePETandMRIdatasimultaneously.第9题WhyistheregreatinterestincombiningPETwithopticalimaging.()ATomeasureonlyanatomicalstructures.BToofferthepossibilityofmeasuringmultiplemolecular-basedprocessesconcurrentlyinthesamelivingsubject.CBecauseopticalimaginghasverydeeptissuepenetration.DBecausePETdetectorscanalsodetectlight.第10题InSPECT/CT,theCTdatacanbeusedtoperformaccurateattenuationcorrectionfortheSPECTimages,reducingdistortionandimprovingquantification.第11题ArtificialIntelligence(AI)isbeingexploredinPET/CTimagingtohelpmanagelargedatavolumesandimproveprocesseslikeimageacquisitionandpost-processing.第12题Thedevelopmentofsmall-animalimagingsystemslikemicro-PETandmicro-SPECTwasnecessarybecauseclinicalscannershadinadequatespatialresolutionforimagingsmallanimalslikemice.第13题Foroptimalimageregistration,itisalwaysbesttoacquireSPECTandCTscansonseparatemachinesatdifferenttimes.第14题Theprimaryvalueofhybridimagingisthatitprovidesonlymorphologicalinformation,similartoastandaloneCTscan.第15题UnlikemostPET/CTsystemswhichacquiredatasequentially,mostPET/MRIsystemsunderinvestigationaredesignedforsimultaneousacquisitionofbothPETandMRdata.HomeworkofChapter6第1题PETisaninvasive,diagnosticimagingtechniqueformeasuringthemetabolicactivityofcellsinthehumanbody.()第2题PETcanproduceathreedimensionalimageoffunctionalprocessinthebody.()第3题NotalltypesofcancercanbedetectedthroughPETscans,becausesometypesofcancerislowmetabolism.()第4题PET/CTscancanassesstheeffectivenessofatreatmentplan,suchascancertherapy.()第5题82Rbcanusedformyocardialperfusionimaging.()第6题18F-FDGcannotbeusedfordiagnosisofepilepsy.()第7题WhichisotopescanusedinPETscan?()ACarbon-11BTechnetium-99mCFluorine-18DGallium-68第8题When18FDGistransportedacrossmostcellmembranes:()AitdiffusesbackoutofthecellimmediatelyBitdiffusesbackoutofthecellinabout3hoursCitistrappedinthecellDitisnotfurthermetabolized第9题PETscancanbehelpfulinidentifyingwhichtypesofcancer?()ABrainCancerBColorectalCancerCHeadandNeckCancerDPancreaticCancer第10题PET/CTcanusedto_____foroncologicalapplication.()AdiagnoseBstageandrestageCtherapeuticmonitorDevaluateoftherapeuticeffect第11题WhichofthefollowingdescriptionsaboutAlzheimer’sdiseasearetrue:()AAlzheimer’sdiseaseshowprogressiveandirreversiblememorylossandbehavioralchanges.BSPECTstudiesshowdecreasedperfusionandmetabolism,respectively,inthetemporal,parietal,posteriorcingulateandprefrontalcortices.CFDG-PETstudiesshowdecreasedperfusionandmetabolism,respectively,inthetemporal,parietal,posteriorcingulateandprefrontalcortices.DThisdiseaseclassicallyaffectsbothsidesofthebrain.第12题ApatienthasundergonemyocardialPETscansusing82Rband18F-FDG.Thereislittleinferoapicalactivityonthe82Rbscan,butthereishomogeneousuptakeinthesameareaonthe18F-FDGimages.Thissuggeststhat:()Aanincorrectdoseof82Rbhasbeenadministered.Btheinferoapicalareamayrevascularize.Cthereislittleviabletissueintheinferoapicalwall.Dthesystemrequiresaqualitycontrolcheck.第13题Theimageof18F-FDGinepilepsyshows:()Ahighuptakeinseizurephase,lowinseizure-freephaseBlowuptakeinseizurephase,highinseizure-freephaseChighuptakeinbothseizureandseizure-freephaseDlowuptakeinbothseizureandseizure-freephase第14题Normal18F-FDGdistributionwouldshowtheleastactivityinthe:()AbrainBboneCbladderDmyocardiumHomeworkofChapter7第1题Opticalimagingisanimagingtechnique,onlydescribesthebehaviorofvisiblelightusedinimaging.()第2题Opticalimaginghastheadvantagesofnon-ionizingradiation,allowsforrepeatedstudiesovertime.()第3题Opticalimagingisnotamenabletomultimodalimaging,easilycombinablewithotherimagingtechniques()第4题Opticalimagingsystemsmaybedividedintodiffusiveandballisticimagingsystems.()第5题Opticalimagingisanimagingtechnique,usuallydescribesthebehaviorof()lightusedinimaging.()AvisibleBultravioletCinfraredDX-rays第6题TheAdvantagesofOpticalimaginginclude()Anon-ionizingradiation,allowsforrepeatedstudiesovertime.Bthepotentialtodifferentiateamongsofttissues,andbetweennativesofttissuesandtissuelabeledwitheitherendogenousorexogenouscontrastmedia.CAgreatpotentialforprovidingspecifictissuecontrasts,andofferspotentialcapabilitiesforstudyingfunctionalandmolecularlevelactivities.DOpticalimagingisveryamenabletomultimodalimaging,easilycombinablewithotherimagingtechniques.第7题Fluorescenceimagingisthevisualizationof.()AfluorescentdyesBproteinsCproteinsaslabelsformolecularprocessesorstructuresDAllAbove第8题Opticalimagingsystemsmaybedividedinto()imagingsystems.()AdiffusiveBandX-raysCandballisticDAllAbove第9题NearInfraredcomparedwithOtherImagingModalitieshastheadvantagesof().()ADeeppenetrationintobiologicaltissueBNon-invasiveCNon-radioactiveDRealtimefunctionalimaging第10题Opticalimagingisanimagingtechnique,usuallydescribesthebehaviorof()usedinimaging.()Avisiblelight,Bultravioletlight,Cinfraredlight.Dvisible,ultraviolet,andinfraredlight.第11题Opticalimaginginvivomainlyuses()bioluminescenceandfluorescencetechnologytolabelcellsorgenes.()Abioluminescencetechnology,Bfluorescencetechnology.Cbioluminescenceandfluorescencetechnology,DNonofallabove第12题Opticalimaginghastheadvantagesof().Anoradiation,Bgoodstabilityoflabeledcompounds,Csuitableforrepeatedimagingafterasingleinjectioninvivo.DAllabove.第13题Opticalimagingsystemsmaybedividedinto()imagingsystems.()Adiffusive,Bballistic,Cdiffusiveandballistic,DNonofallabove.第14题Fluorescenceimagingenablesawiderangeofexperimentalobservationsincluding()incellsandtissues.()Athelocationanddynamicsofgeneexpression,Bproteinexpression,Cmolecularinteractions,DAllabove.第15题Bioluminescenceimaging(BLI)doesnotreliyondetectionoflightfromluciferase-expressingcellsinananimal.HomeworkofChapter8第1题MolecularMRIissimilartomolecularimaging()第2题TheapplicationofmolecularMRIisearlierthanthatofanatomicalMRI.()第3题MRmolecularimagingneedsspecificmarkers.()第4题Specificimagingtargetisoneofthekeypointsofmolecularimaging.()第5题TherequirementofMRmolecularimagingforMRimagingresolutionisnothigh.()第6题Therelationshipbetweenpassivetargetandactivetarget()AthetwocanpromoteeachotherBthetwocancooperatewitheachotherCthetwocannotexistatthesametimeDtheabovethreeitemsareallright第7题Bimodalimagingcanbecombined()AmagneticresonanceimagingandphotoacousticimagingBmagneticResonanceimagingandultrasoundimagingCphotodynamicimagingandphotoacousticimagingDphotodynamicimagingandultrasoundimaging第8题Thefollowingcanbeusedasatarget()ApeptideBreceptorCspecificenzymeDtheaboveall第9题Targetscanbedividedinto()AextracellularBcellmembraneCintracellularDtheaboveall第10题Theronosticsiscombined()AdiagnosisBtreatmentCprognosisDprevention第11题TherelationshipbetweenMRmolecularimagingandmolecularimagingis().AMRmolecularimagingisanimportantbranchofmolecularimaging.BMolecularimagingisanimportantbranchofMRmolecularimaging.CTheyarethesameconcept.DThereisnorelationshipbetweentheboth.第12题TheconceptofMRmolecularimaging:()AUsingCTimagingtechnologytoimagespecificbiomoleculesinvivo,inordertoachievethepurposeofearlyandspecificdiagnosisandmonitoringoflesions.BInordertoachievethepurposeofearlyandspecificdiagnosisandmonitoringoftreatmenteffect,MRimagingisusedtoimagespecificbiomoleculesinvivo.CFluorescenceimagingtechnologyisusedtoimagespecificbiomoleculesinvivo,soastoachievethepurposeofearlyandspecificdiagnosisandefficacymonitoring.DUltrasoundimagingtechnologyisusedtoimagespecificbiomoleculesinvivo,soastoachievethepurposeofearlyandspecificdiagnosisandcurativeeffectmonitoring.第13题WhichofthefollowingisnecessaryforMRmolecularimaging?()ASpecificmarkerofthelesion.BMRimagingequipment.CMagneticmolecularprobe.DAlloftheabove.第14题TherelationshipbetweenfunctionalMRIandanatomicalMRIis()AComplementandpromoteeachother.BNoconnectionbetweenboth.CFunctionalimagingcanreplacetheanatomicalimaging.DAnatomicimagingismoreimportantthanfunctionalimaging.第15题Asforthesignalstrengthoftissues,whichofthefollowingiscorrect?()ATheshortertheT1,thestrongerthesignal;theshortertheT2,thestrongerthesignalBThelongertheT1,thestrongerthesignal;thelongertheT2,thestrongerthesignalCTheshortertheT1,thestrongerthesignal;theshortertheT2,theweakerthesignalDThelongertheT1,theweakerthesignal;thelongertheT2,theweakerthesignalHomeworkofChapter9第1题Molecularimagingoftumorisoneofthemostactiveresearchfields.()第2题Glucosamine,peptidesandproteinscanbeusedasprobes.()第3题OnlygadoliniumammoniumspraycanbeusedasMRcontrastagent.()第4题Tumorigenesisisrelatedtothechangeofmicroenvironment.()第5题Atpresent,molecularimagingtechnologycannotrealizethereal-timemonitoringoftheinteractionbetweentumorcellsandtheirsurroundingmicroenvironment.()第6题Inthecardiovascularfield,molecularimaginginvolvesatherosclerosisandplaque.()AapoptosisBinflammationCmetabolismDstemcelltherapy第7题Inthefuture,theavailablewaystoimprovetheeffectofMRmolecularimageinclude()AimagingsensitivityBhighfieldstrengthequipmentCCESTimagingDhyperpolarizedMRimagingandhighercontrastmolecularprobes第8题Intheprocessofatheroscleroticpathophysiologicaldevelopment,imagingtargetsoftheplaqueinclude:()AendothelialcellBinflammatorycellCnoncellularcomponentDbloodcell第9题Themolecularimagingforstemcellsincludes()AnuclearmedicalmolecularimagingBMRmolecularimagingCultrasonicmolecularimagingDfluorescenceimaging第10题Theimagingofproteaseactivityofmacrophagesishelpfulfortheevaluationofatheroscleroticorhearttransplantrejectionwith()imagingprobes.()AactivatedfluorescenceprobeBradionuclideinhibitorCnanoparticleDmonoclonalantibody第11题Themostcommonnoncellularcomponentofplaquesasbiologicaltargetis:()AcollagenBatheroscleroticplaquesCendothelialDlipidplaques第12题Intheatheroscleroticmodel,()afterinjectioncanbeengulfedbymacrophagesintheplaqueandproducesignificantsignalchangesintheplaque.()AUSPIOparticlesBphageCantibodyDantigen第13题Thehigh-riskvulnerableplaquecanbedetectedthroughmarking()