2026年广东省部编版高中英语高三下册第11章阅读理解专项训练习题

2026年广东省部编版高中英语高三下册第11章阅读理解专项训练习题一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Inthepassage,theword"pivotal"isclosestinmeaningto______.A.essentialB.optionalC.controversialD.predictable（解析：根据第11章单元主题《GlobalChallengesandSolutions》，pivotal意为“关键的”，与单元核心概念“应对全球性挑战的关键因素”一致。选项B、C、D分别意为“可选的”“有争议的”“可预测的”，均与原文语境不符。正确答案为A，考查词汇在语境中的深层含义理解。）2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,whatisthemainreasonforthedeclineintraditionalindustries?A.TechnologicaladvancementsB.GovernmentpoliciesC.ConsumerpreferencesD.Environmentalconcerns（解析：题干指向第11章《EconomicTransformation》段落细节。原文明确指出“theriseofautomationanddigitalizationhasdisruptedtraditionalmanufacturingsectors”，即技术进步是主因。选项B、C、D虽为影响因素，但非根本原因。正确答案为A，考查段落主旨句的精准定位能力。）3.Theauthorofthearticlesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentrequires______.A.immediateeconomicgrowthB.strictenvironmentalregulationsC.globalcooperationD.reducedindustrialoutput（解析：结合第11章《SustainableDevelopment》主题，作者在文中强调“nosinglecountrycansolveclimatechangealone”，暗指国际合作必要性。选项A、B、D分别片面强调经济、环境或产量，与单元“综合解决方案”理念矛盾。正确答案为C，考查作者隐含观点的推断。）4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"adouble-edgedsword"inthethirdparagraphimply?A.ApositiveandnegativeeffectB.ApurelynegativeimpactC.AneutraloutcomeD.Atemporarysolution（解析：根据单元《TechnologyandSociety》中关于AI伦理的讨论，"double-edgedsword"比喻“一把双刃剑”，即“利弊并存”。选项B、C、D均无法体现原文的辩证性。正确答案为A，考查比喻修辞的深层理解。）5.Thepassageismostlikelywrittenfor______.A.highschoolstudentsB.businessprofessionalsC.environmentalactivistsD.governmentofficials（解析：结合第11章《ReadingDifferentTexts》的文体分析，文章采用科普写作风格，语言难度适中，适合高中生。选项B、C、D的受众专业性过强。正确答案为A，考查读者定位能力。）6.Accordingtothedatainthetable,whichcountryhasthehighestpercentageofrenewableenergyusage?A.JapanB.GermanyC.BrazilD.India（解析：题干关联第11章《DataInterpretation》案例，表格显示德国2025年可再生能源占比达42%，远超其他选项。选项A、C、D分别为28%、15%、12%。正确答案为B，考查图表信息的快速提取。）7.Thephrase"thebottomline"inthefourthparagraphrefersto______.A.thefinaldecisionB.thebasictruthC.thehighestprofitD.thelowestcost（解析：根据单元《EconomicConcepts》中关于企业决策的讨论，"thebottomline"指“最终结果/本质”。选项C、D过于片面，A缺乏经济语境。正确答案为B，考查经济术语的固定搭配理解。）8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardurbanizationinthepassage?A.SupportiveB.CriticalC.NeutralD.Indifferent（解析：结合第11章《UrbanizationChallenges》段落情感色彩，作者列举交通拥堵、资源短缺等问题，暗含批判态度。选项A、C、D与原文基调不符。正确答案为B，考查作者态度的判断。）9.Thepassagementions"thegreentransition"asakeyterm.Whatdoesitprimarilyreferto?A.ReducingcarbonemissionsB.IncreasingindustrialoutputC.ExpandingagriculturallandD.Promotingfossilfuels（解析：根据单元《EnvironmentalPolicies》定义，"greentransition"指“向低碳经济转型”。选项B、C、D与单元主题相反。正确答案为A，考查专业术语的准确定义。）10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TopersuadereaderstoadoptrenewableenergyB.TocriticizecurrenteconomicpoliciesC.ToinformaboutglobalchallengesD.Tocomparedifferentcountries（解析：全文围绕第11章《PurposeofReading》主题，通过案例和数据说明全球性问题的复杂性。选项A、B、D均过于片面。正确答案为C，考查文章主旨的宏观把握。）二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thearticlearguesthat______isessentialforsolvingclimatechange.（参考答案：internationalcooperation；解析：第11章《CollaborativeSolutions》段落明确指出“aunifiedglobaleffortisrequired”，填空需概括核心观点。）2.Accordingtothegraph,thepopulationofTokyoin2030isprojectedtobe______million.（参考答案：37；解析：题干关联第11章《FutureTrends》图表，数据点显示东京人口预测值为37千万，需精确记忆数字。）3.Theword"mitigate"inthesecondparagraphmeans______.（参考答案：reduce；解析：根据单元《EnvironmentalImpact》词汇表，mitigate意为“减轻”，与“减少污染”语境一致。）4.Thepassagesuggeststhattechnologycan______bothjobcreationandunemployment.（参考答案：promote/leadto；解析：第11章《TechandEmployment》段落用“double-edgedsword”比喻技术对就业的双重影响。）5.Theauthorusestheexampleof______toillustratesustainableagriculture.（参考答案：verticalfarming；解析：根据单元《InnovativeSolutions》案例，文中以垂直农业为例说明城市农业转型。）6.Thephrase"thestatusquo"refersto______.（参考答案：thecurrentsituation；解析：单元《SocialChange》中解释“维持现状”为“existingconditionswithoutimprovement”。）7.ThetableshowsthatGermany'srenewableenergyusageis______%higherthanIndia's.（参考答案：27；解析：数据对比第11章《EnergyComparison》表格，德国42%减去印度15%得27个百分点。）8.Thepassagementions"theParisAgreement"asa______.（参考答案：treaty/internationalagreement；解析：单元《GlobalAgreements》定义其为“climateaccordsignedby196countries”。）9.Theauthorbelievesthaturbanplanningshouldprioritize______.（参考答案：sustainableinfrastructure；解析：第11章《CityDevelopment》段落强调“greenbuildingsandefficienttransportsystems”的重要性。）10.Theunderlinedsentence"Thefutureisnotwrittenyet"implies______.（参考答案：potentialforchange；解析：单元《HopeandChallenges》用此句表达“人类仍可塑造未来”，需理解隐喻意义。）三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分，共20分）1.Thepassagesupportstheideathateconomicgrowthalwaysleadstoenvironmentaldegradation.（参考答案：False；解析：第11章《BalancedDevelopment》明确反对“经济增长必然破坏环境”的绝对论，强调“greeneconomy”可能兼顾两者。）2.Accordingtothearticle,allcountriesshouldcompletelystopusingfossilfuelsby2030.（参考答案：False；解析：单元《TransitionChallenges》指出“phasingoutfossilfuelsgradually”而非“immediateabolition”，选项过于激进。）3.Theauthorofthearticleiscompletelyagainsturbanization.（参考答案：False；解析：第11章《UrbanizationProsandCons》客观分析利弊，未表达“完全反对”的极端态度。）4.Thetableinthepassageshowstheexactnumberofpeoplelivingineachcity.（参考答案：False；解析：数据为“estimates”，即“预测值”，非精确统计，需注意“projected”“approximately”等限定词。）5.Thephrase"thebottomline"inthefourthparagraphmeans"thefinaldecision".（参考答案：False；解析：经济语境中“thebottomline”指“本质/最终结果”，与“决策过程”无关。）6.Thearticlesuggeststhattechnologyhasnonegativeimpactonsociety.（参考答案：False；解析：单元《TechandEthics》明确指出“AIbias”“dataprivacy”等问题，否定“全无负面影响”的说法。）7.Theauthorbelievesthatsustainabledevelopmentisonlypossibleindevelopedcountries.（参考答案：False；解析：第11章《GlobalResponsibility》强调“developingnationsneedsupport”，反对“仅发达国家可行”的偏见。）8.Theunderlinedword"pivotal"inthefirstparagraphmeans"important".（参考答案：True；解析：词汇表中定义pivotal为“crucial”，与“重要”同义，需区分“essential”“vital”等近义词。）9.Thepassagearguesthatrenewableenergywillreplaceallfossilfuelsinthenextdecade.（参考答案：False；解析：第11章《EnergyTransition》指出“renewalenergywillincreasebutnotcompletelyreplace”fossilfuels，选项过于绝对。）10.Theauthorusesstatisticstoprovethaturbanizationisharmfultotheenvironment.（参考答案：False；解析：数据仅说明“urbanizationchallenges”，未直接论证“urbanizationisharmful”，需区分“correlation”与“causation”。）四、简答题（总共8题，每题2分，共16分）1.Explainthemeaningof"thegreentransition"inyourownwords.（参考答案：Greentransitionreferstotheshiftfromhigh-carbontolow-carboneconomies,involvingrenewableenergyadoption,sustainablepolicies,andeco-friendlytechnologies.）2.Whataretwomainchallengesofurbanizationaccordingtothepassage?（参考答案：①Trafficcongestionandpollution;②Housingshortagesandresourcestrain.）3.Howdoestechnologyplayaroleinsolvingenvironmentalproblems?（参考答案：Technologyenablesrenewableenergy(solarpanels),wastereduction(recyclingapps),andefficientresourceuse(smartgrids).）4.Whyisinternationalcooperationimportantforclimatechange?（参考答案：Climatechangeisglobal;nocountrycansolveitalone.Cooperationensuressharedresponsibilityandresources.）5.Whatdoesthephrase"thestatusquo"meaninthecontextofthepassage?（参考答案：Thecurrentwayoflivingandworking,whichmaynotbesustainablebutismaintainedwithoutchange.）6.Describeoneexampleofsustainableagriculturementionedinthearticle.（参考答案：Verticalfarming,whichgrowscropsinstackedlayersindoors,savinglandandwater.）7.Whydoestheauthormention"theParisAgreement"inthepassage?（参考答案：Toshowglobaleffortstoreducecarbonemissionsandsetclimatetargets.）8.Whatistheauthor'smainargumentabouteconomicgrowthandtheenvironment?（参考答案：Economicgrowthcanbesustainableifitincludesgreenenergyandeco-friendlypractices,notattheexpenseoftheenvironment.）五、应用题（总共8题，每题4分，共24分）1.Readthefollowingshortpassageandanswerthequestion:"ThecityofKyotodecidedtobecomecarbon-neutralby2050.Theyinvestedinsolarpower,expandedbikelanes,andbannedsingle-useplastics.Criticssaiditwastooexpensive,butthecity’sairqualityimprovedby30%infiveyears."Whatdoesthispassagesuggestabouturbansustainability?（参考答案：Kyoto’ssuccessshowsthatsustainablepolicies(investmentinrenewables,infrastructure)canimproveenvironmentaloutcomesdespiteinitialcosts.Itprovescitiescanleadgreentransitions.)2.Analyzethefollowingtableandwriteasentencesummarizingthedata:|Country|RenewableEnergy%(2025)||---------|---------------------------||France|40%||Italy|25%||Spain|35%||Greece|20%|（参考答案：FranceleadsinrenewableenergyadoptionamongtheseMediterraneancountries,withItalylaggingbehind.)3.Explainhowthephrase"adouble-edgedsword"appliestotechnologyinthepassage.（参考答案：Technologycreatesjobs(edgeA)butalsodisplacesworkers(edgeB).Itimprovesefficiencybutraisesprivacyconcerns.)4.Ifyouwereacityplanner,whatwouldyoudotoreducetrafficcongestion?（参考答案：Implementcongestionpricing,encouragepublictransport,anddevelopsmarttrafficsystemstooptimizeroutes.)5.Whyisthe"ParisAgreement"significantforglobalclimateaction?（参考答案：Itunitednearly200countriestocommittoreducinggreenhousegasemissions,settingaframeworkforinternationalcooperation.)6.Describeonewayrenewableenergycanhelpreducepovertyindevelopingcountries.（参考答案：Solarpanelsenableoff-gridcommunitiestoaccesselectricity,poweringeducation,healthcare,andbusinesses.)7.Whatisthedifferencebetween"mitigate"and"eliminate"inthecontextofclimatechange?（参考答案：Mitigatemeansreducingharm(e.g.,cuttingemissions),whileeliminatemeanscompletelyremovingit(e.g.,zeroemissions),whichiscurrentlyunrealistic.)8.Imagineyouarewritingaproposalforaschooltoadoptsustainablepractices.Whatwouldyouinclude?（参考答案：Proposesolarpanels,recyclingprograms,andenergy-savingpolicies.Justifybenefitslikecostsavingsandenvironmentalimpact.)【标准答案及解析】一、单项选择题1.A2.A3.C4.A5.A6.B7.B8.B9.A10.C（解析示例：第4题“double-edgedsword”考查比喻理解，需结合单元《TechandSociety》中AI伦理讨论，A“利弊并存”最准确。）二、填空题1.internationalcooperation2.373.reduce4.promote/leadto5.verticalfarming2.thecurrentsituation7.278.treaty/internationalagreement9.sustainableinfrastructure3.potentialforchange（解析示例：第7题数据来自第11章《EnergyComparison》表格，需精确记忆数字差异。）三、判断题1.F2.F3.F4.F5.F6.F7.F8.T9.F10.F（解析示例：第8题“pivotal”为True，因单元词汇表明确其意为“重要”，与“essential”同义。）四、简答题1.参考答案：Greentransitioninvolvesshiftingtolow-carboneconomiesthroughrenewablesandsustainablepolicies.解析：需结合单元《EnvironmentalPolicies》概念，强调“系统转型”而非单一措施。2.参考答案：①Trafficcongestion;②Housingshortages.解析：参考第11章《UrbanizationChallenges》段落列举的问题。3.参考答案：Technologyenablesrenewables,wastereduction,andsmartresourcemanagement.解析：需结合单元《