新轮机英语专业词汇（终极版适用于船员考证、机舱实操分类）

最新轮机英语专业词汇（终极完整版，适用于船员考证、机舱实操，分类整理）缩写标注为机舱日常通用简写，是大证轮机英语高频考点一、机舱职务PersonnelChiefengineer轮机长（C/E）Secondengineer大管轮（2/E）Thirdengineer二管轮（3/E）Fourthengineer三管轮（4/E）Chiefelectrician电机员Electrician电工Motorman机匠Oiler加油工Fitter钳工Welder焊工Storekeeper物料管理员Superintendent机务主管二、主柴油机MainDieselEngine（M/E主机）2.1机型分类two‑strokemarinedieselengine二冲程船用柴油机four‑strokemarinedieselengine四冲程船用柴油机cross‑headengine十字头式柴油机trunk‑pistonengine筒形活塞柴油机uniflowscavenging直流扫气loopscavenging回流扫气turbochargedengine涡轮增压柴油机MANengine曼恩柴油机；Sulzerengine苏尔寿柴油机2.2固定部件FixedPartsbedplate机座frame机架crankcase曲轴箱cylinderliner气缸套cylindercover/cylinderhead气缸盖holding‑downbolt底脚螺栓tierod/throughbolt贯穿螺栓stuffingbox填料函indicatorcock示功阀safetyvalve安全阀2.3运动部件MovingPartspistoncrown活塞头；pistonskirt活塞裙pistonring活塞环gudgeonpin/pistonpin活塞销crosshead十字头；crossheadshoe十字头滑块connectingrod连杆crankshaft曲轴；crankpin曲柄销mainbearing主轴承；thrustbearing推力轴承thrustpad推力块；thrustshaft推力轴camshaft凸轮轴；cam凸轮turninggear盘车机2.4气阀与换气机构exhaustvalve排气阀suctionvalve/airinletvalve进气阀rockerarm摇臂；pushrod推杆；tappet顶头scavengingport扫气口；exhaustport排气口exhaustmanifold排气总管turbocharger废气涡轮增压器turbinewheel涡轮叶轮；compressorimpeller压气机叶轮2.5燃油系统FuelOilSystem（F.O）fuelinjectionpump高压燃油泵plunger柱塞；plungerbarrel柱塞套筒controlrack调节齿杆fuelinjector/fuelvalve喷油器nozzle喷油嘴；needlevalve针阀high‑pressurefuelpipe高压油管VIT=VariableInjectionTiming可变喷油定时fueloilsettlingtank燃油沉淀柜fueloilservicetank燃油日用柜fueloiltransferpump燃油输送泵fueloilpurifier燃油分油机sludge油泥、油渣2.6润滑系统LubricatingSystem（L.O）lubeoilpump滑油泵lubeoilcooler滑油冷却器lubeoilfilter滑油滤器lubeoilsump油底壳cylinderoil气缸油；turbineoil透平油viscosity粘度；viscous粘稠的varnish漆状沉积物；carbondeposit积碳2.7冷却系统CoolingSystemcentralcoolingsystem中央冷却系统freshwatercooler淡水冷却器seawatercooling海水冷却expansiontank膨胀水箱thermostaticvalve恒温阀coolingjacket冷却水套2.8启动与调速系统Starting&Governingstartingairreceiver启动空气瓶cylinderstartingvalve气缸启动阀startingaircompressor启动空压机governor调速器overspeedgovernor超速保护装置emergencystop紧急停车idlerunning怠速运转三、辅机AuxiliaryMachinery（A/E副机，发电柴油机）auxiliarydieselgenerator柴油发电机emergencygenerator应急发电机alternator交流发电机switchboard配电板；emergencyswitchboard应急配电板battery蓄电池aircompressor空气压缩机airreceiver空气瓶freshwatergenerator/evaporator造水机oilywaterseparator（OWS）油水分离器sewagetreatmentplant生活污水处理装置incinerator焚烧炉四、泵与阀件Pumps&Valves4.1泵类centrifugalpump离心泵reciprocatingpump往复泵gearpump齿轮泵；vanepump叶片泵screwpump螺杆泵bilgepump舱底水泵ballastpump压载水泵circulatingpump循环泵feedwaterpump给水泵boosterpump增压泵self‑primingpump自吸泵4.2阀件globevalve截止阀gatevalve闸阀checkvalve/non‑returnvalve止回阀butterflyvalve蝶阀reliefvalve溢流阀solenoidvalve电磁阀cock旋塞drainvalve泄放阀；ventvalve放气阀regulatingvalve调节阀五、锅炉、制冷与空调Boiler/Refrigeration&A/Cmainboiler主锅炉；auxiliaryboiler辅锅炉watertubeboiler水管锅炉；firetubeboiler烟管锅炉furnace炉膛；economizer省煤器steamdrum汽包；feedwater给水condenser冷凝器；evaporator蒸发器compressor（refrigerant）制冷压缩机expansionvalve膨胀阀refrigerant制冷剂airconditioningplant空调装置coolingmedium冷却介质六、甲板机械DeckMachinerywindlass锚机mooringwinch系缆绞车steeringgear舵机hydraulicpump液压泵；hydrauliccylinder液压缸propeller螺旋桨；fixed‑pitchpropeller（FPP）定距桨controllable‑pitchpropeller（CPP）可调距桨sterntube尾轴管；sternshaft尾轴rudder舵；rudderstock舵杆七、机舱常用油、水、柜Tank&Fluid7.1油料HFO=HeavyFuelOil重油MGO=MarineGasOil船用瓦斯油/轻油DO=DieselOil柴油LO=LubricatingOil滑油cylinderoil气缸油hydraulicoil液压油grease润滑脂7.2水FW=FreshWater淡水；SW=SeaWater海水bilgewater舱底水ballastwater压载水condensatewater冷凝水feedwater给水sewage生活污水7.3各类柜舱settlingtank沉淀柜servicetank日用柜storagetank储存柜draintank泄放柜overflowtank溢流柜sludgetank污油柜ballasttank压载舱bilgewell污水井八、故障、磨损、检修术语Breakdown&Maintenanceseizure咬死、抱轴scoring拉痕、拉伤crack裂纹；fatiguecrack疲劳裂纹erosion冲蚀；corrosion腐蚀cavitation气蚀leakage泄漏；seepage渗漏vibration振动；knocking敲击声overheating过热；overload过载clearance间隙；tolerance公差overhaul大修；topoverhaul吊缸检修renew换新；recondition修复grind研磨；lap磨合alignment对中；balancing动平衡testrun试车；pressuretest压力试验九、消防、安全、防污染Fire‑fighting&Safety&MARPOLfiredetector火灾探测器CO₂fire‑extinguishingsystem二氧化碳灭火系统foamsystem泡沫灭火系统sprinklersystem喷淋系统firehydrant消防栓；firehose消防皮龙life‑savingappliance（LSA）救生设备SOLAS《国际海上人命安全公约》MARPOL《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》ISMCode国际安全管理规则UMS=UnattendedMachinerySpace无人机舱PMS=PlannedMaintenanceSystem计划维修体系oilyresidue油渣；garbage垃圾emission排放；exhaustgas废气SOx硫氧化物；NOx氮氧化物十、常用机舱缩写（必考）M/EMainEngine主机A/EAuxiliaryEngine副机F.O.FuelOil燃油L.O.LubeOil滑油F.W.FreshWater淡水S.W.SeaWater海水OWSOilyWaterSeparator油水分离器CPPControllablePitchPropeller