专题02 阅读理解记叙文（10年汇编）2017-2026年高考英语真题分类汇编（解析版）

高考真题分类解析PAGE试卷第=1页，共=sectionpages33页PAGE1专题02阅读理解-记叙文考点分类十年考情（2017-2026）命题规律考点01细节理解题每套B篇2道高频题；2017-2026全部全国卷均考查；覆盖人物行为、事件原因、事物特征传统：单句定位找原句；创新：跨段整合细节、因果倒置设问，需区分表层行为与深层目的考点02词义猜测题2022/2021/2019/2017多套各1道固定题型传统：近义替换；创新：依托人物情绪、故事语境推断动词/短语，少单纯字面释义考点03推理判断题每套文末26、27必考2026一二卷2025全卷重点考查传统：人物性格推断；创新：主旨感悟、作者深层观点、故事隐含人生道理，无原文直接依据考点04主旨/写作意图题2017二卷2020一卷2026一卷考查传统：概括故事内容；创新：区分记事抒情、人物赞美、反思社会三类写作目的Passage1（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Notlongago,myfifth-gradesonKevinaskedmeaboutthemeaningofawordinanovel.“Lookitup,”Iresponded.“Butmyscreentimeisoff,”hesaid.Ilookedpointedlyatthebookshelfthatheldatleastthreedictionaries,andKevinsigheddramatically.“Can’tyoujustuseyourphone?”heasked.Suddenlyitoccurredtomethathedidnotevenknowhowtouseadictionary.Itookdownoneofthedictionaries,andwereadittogetherforafewminutesbeforeIhandedittohim.Ittookhimafewtriestofindthewordinquestion.Whilegoingthroughthepages,hekeptsaying,wide-eyed:“Howcantherebethismanywords?”Afterawhile,helookedatmeandasked,“Doyouknowallthesewords,Mom?”Ismiled,“Idefinitelydonotknowallthesewords,”Isaid.“Butthat’swhythisisoneofmyfavoritebooks.”Ihadmyfirstdictionaryasagiftformy13thbirthday.IdecidedthatIwantedtolearnasmanywordsasIcouldandstartedmarkingeveryentryIlookedupwithapenciltomeasuremyprogress.Icontinuedtomakethesepencilmarksforyears,andwhenIwentofftocollege,Ipackedthatdictionaryinmysuitcase.Kevinwantedtoseethedictionary.Ifeltasmallpaininmychest.Thedictionarywasstolenattheendofmyfreshmanyearofcollege.“That’ssosad,”hesaid,“butyoustillknowallthosewords,evenwithoutthebook.”Irealizedthatthiswastrue.Istillmadeitthroughthenextthreeyearsofcollege,evenwithoutthebook.Anditwasn’t,ultimately,thedictionarythatgotmethere—notreally.NowIunderstandthatalthoughmysonmaybelearningdifferently,heisstilllearning.It’snotaboutthewordsthemselvesorhowwelearnthem,butthewantingtoknowthem,thecuriosityandtheappetite.WhatdoesKevinusuallydotogetthemeaningofaword?Useelectronicdevices.B.Consultapaperdictionary.Guessfromthecontext.D.TurntohisEnglishteacher.HowdidKevinfeelwhilelookingupthewordinthedictionary?Annoyed.B.Disappointed.C.Encouraged.D.Astonished.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfirstdictionary?Ithelpedherthroughcollege.B.ItwasgiventoKevinasagift.Itborewitnesstoherefforts.D.Itwasavaluablelimitededition.Whathastheauthorcometorealizeaboutlearning?Itisnevertoolatetostart.Motivationiswhatreallymatters.Childrenneedrolemodels.D.Dictionariesarestillausefultool.【答案】24．A25．D26．C27.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在要求儿子查阅纸质词典时，回忆起了自己青少年时期通过标记词典努力学习的往事。作者最终意识到，学习的关键不在于工具或知识本身而在于内心对知识的好奇心与渴望。【详解】24.A事实细节题根据第一段Kevin的话Butmyscreentimeisoff...以及Can'tyoujustuseyourphone?可知，Kevin习惯使用手机查词，而非查阅纸质词典。electronicdevices指电子设备，其中包括手机。25.D观点态度题根据第二段中的wide-eyed以及Kevin的问句Howcantherebethismanywords?TDoyouknowallthesewords,Mom?可知,Kevin在查阅词典时被词条数量震撼，表现出惊讶的情绪。26.C推理判断根据第三段...startedmarkingeveryentryIlookedupwithapenciltomeasuremyprogress.Icontinuedtomakethesepencilmarksforyears...可知，作者在词典上每个查阅过的词条旁做标记，并保持了这个习惯很多年，这些标记记录了作者逐词学习的过程与付出，C项是对这一细节的准确概括。27.B推理判断题根据最后一段最后一句It'snotaboutthewordsthemselvesorhowwelearnthem,butthewantingtoknowthem,thecuriosityandtheappetite.可知，作者最终领悟到学习的核心不在于词汇本身或学习方式，而在于求知的内在动力一一好奇心与求知欲，B项准确概括了这一核心思想。D项“词典仍是有用的工具”属强干扰项，文章虽讨论了词典，但作者的落脚点在人的内在动力，而非学习工具。Passage2（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）RolandReisleyturned101yearsoldinMayandisinremarkablehealth.Butthat’snotthethingheprideshimselfon.“IamthelastoriginalclientofFrankLloydWright,stilllivinginthehomehedesignedforme,”Reisleysaid,sittinginthebrightopenlivingroomofthehomedesignedbythefamousarchitect.ThehousewhereReisleyhaslivedfor73yearsislocatedinthewoodsofWestchesterCounty,NewYork,just30milesnorthofManhattan.It’soneof47thatmakeupthepeacefulmid-20th-centurymodernvillageofUsonia.Backin1951,Reisleywasjust26,newlymarriedandreadytoputdownroots.HeandhiswifebeganlookingforaplaceinManhattan.Butwhattheyliked,theycouldn’taffordonhissoundengineer’ssalaryandwhattheycould,theydidn’tlike.ThentheyheardaboutUsonia.Ontheirfirsttripout,theyweregreetedwithsuchenthusiasmfromthe10familieswho’dalreadyestablishedhomestherethattheydecidedtojoin.ThehousehassignatureWrightfeatures.Itismadewithlocalmaterials,hasaflatroof,woodpaneling,concretefloorsandcustom-madefurniture.Overthedecades,Reisleyhasopenedhisdoorstovisitors.ThehouseisnowlistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces.Reisleysaidhe’striedhisbesttobeagoodsteward(管家)notjustoftheWrightcreationhelivesin,butallothersaswell.Heco-foundedtheFrankLloydWrightBuildingConservancy,anorganizationengagedinthepreservationofallofWright’sremainingbuildings.Reisleybelievesthathisdevotiontothehomeandthecommunityarewhathavekepthiminsuchgoodhealthalloftheseyears.HowdoesReisleyfeelabouthavingWrightashishousedesigner?A.Honored.B.Amused.C.Stressed.D.Inspired.25.WhatmadeReisleyfinallydecidetosettledowninUsonia?Itsnaturalenvironment.B.Itslarge-sizedhouses.C.Theconvenienceofitslocation.D.Thewarmthofitsresidents.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutReisley’shouse?Itisolderthanitsowner.Ituseslocalmaterials.Ithasapointedroof.D.Itisputupforsale.27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutReisleyfromthelastparagraph?HeisveryattachedtoWrightbuildings.Heisdevotedtohealtheducation.Heisanexpertinhomedecoration.D.Heispassionateabouttourism.【答案】24．A25．D26．B27.A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一位百岁老人RolandReisley作为著名建筑师FrankLloydWright唯一在世的原始住户，在其设计的房屋中居住73年、悉心守护房屋，并联合成立建筑保护组织、传承Wright建筑遗产的故事。【详解】24.A观点态度题根据第一段第二、三句Butthat’snotthethingheprideshimselfon.“IamthelastoriginalclientofFrankLloydWright,stilllivinginthehomehedesignedforme,”Reisleysaid,...designedbythefamousarchitect.可知，Reisley坐在由著名建筑师赖特设计的明亮客厅里接受采访，称自己是赖特设计住宅的最后一位原始住户，并以此作为自己引以为傲的事，可见他内心倍感荣幸。amused（感到好笑的）、stressed（焦虑的）、inspired（受灵感启迪的）均不符合Reisley的感受，故选A。25.D事实细节题根据第三段最后一句Ontheirfirsttripout,theyweregreetedwithsuchenthusiasmfromthe10familieswho’dalreadyestablishedhomestherethattheydecidedtojoin.可知，已有住户给予的极大热情（enthusiasm）是夫妻二人决定定居Usonia的直接原因，对应选项Thewarmthofitsresidents（居民的热情友善），故选D。26.B事实细节题根据第四段第二句Itismadewithlocalmaterials,hasaflatroof,woodpaneling,concretefloorsandcustom-madefurniture.可知，此处明确提到房屋采用本地材料建造，故选B。27.A推理判断题根据最后一段关键句第五、六句可知，Reisley不仅守护自家的房子，还守护其他赖特设计的房屋，并联合成立专门组织保护赖特所有现存建筑，由此可推知他对赖特的建筑怀有极深的眷恋与热爱，beattachedto意为“依恋/喜欢/热爱……”，故选A。Passage3（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Inmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?”Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(论点)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.Thiswouldhavetochange.Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(体裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.24.Whoarethepeoplementionedatthebeginningofparagraph1?A.Ninthgraders. B.Students’parents.C.Modernwriters. D.Fictionalcharacters.25.Whydidthestudentsperformpoorlyinwritingtheirfirstessay?A.Theywerenotgivenenoughtime. B.Theyhadaverylimitedvocabulary.C.Theymisunderstoodthequestion. D.Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing.27Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Teachingislearning. B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower. D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】24．D25．D26．B27.A【导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述九年级写作课上，教师通过调整教学方式，让学生从最初写作表现不佳到创作出优秀作品，并领悟写作能连接人心、传递人性的意义。【详解】24.D实细节根据第一段acowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfather..andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreak...mystudents,who'dcreatedthesepeople可知，这些人物是学生作品中的角色，属于虚构人物。25.D推理判断题由theirfirstessay定位到文章第二段，根据第二段最后两句可知，学生表现不佳，问题就出在这个题目(Whyiswritingimportant?)上--他们本可以就电脑的必要性写上好多页，但写作本身对他们而言实在算不上重要。由此推知，学生对话题缺乏兴趣导致表现不佳。26.B词义猜测题根据画线词下一句Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.可知，学生提交了10-20页的故事，角色拓展了“我”的视野、触动了“我”的心。由此可知，这个结果应是正向的，amazing意为“(尤指好的)惊人的”，符合语境。27.A主旨大意题首段通过学生写作案例引出写作教学，第二段分析学生第一次写作失败的原因，第三段展示调整教学策略后的显著成效，末段揭示作者认知的转变--从写作是沟通工具到写作是连接人性的桥梁。全文通过教学实践案例，印证了教学相长(Teachingislearning)的教育理念。Passage4（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）KathyHoteacheshighschoolinsideLucilePackardChildren’sHospitalStanford(LPCH).“SometimesIdon’tlikesayingthatI’mateacher,”saysHo.“Peoplegetintheirmindsanideaofwhatteachersdo,butthat’snotreallywhatitishere.”“Here”isroom386,whereeachyear,about500LPCHpatientsalsobecomestudents.Thehospitalschoolisfreeofparents,doctors,andmedicalprocedures.It’saplaceoflearning.AbouthalfofHo’sstudentsstayforaweekorless;othersarethereformorethanayear.MostofHo’sstudentswillrecover,whichmeansthatpreparingthemtoreturntoschoolisanincreasinglyimportantcomponentofcare.Still,inroom386,academicsdon’tcomefirst.Physicalhealthandmentalhealtharethepriority.“Ifyou’rescaredaboutsomethingandthinkingonlyaboutthat,there’snowayyou’regoingtobeabletolearn,”Hosays.“I’macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,andthat’swhatitmeanstobeahospitalteacher.”Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeitisadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”Horecognizesthepsychologicalbenefitofhelpingkidskeepupwiththeirpeers(同龄人)outsidethehospital.“Iactuallythinkthemedicineisonlyasmallpieceforsomeproblems,”saysJulieGood,directorofpainmanagementservicesatLPCH.“It’saboutproblem-solvingaroundwhatitmeanstohaveafulllife.Thosekidshavedreams.Schoolcankeepthosedreamsalivebygivingkidsawaytolearnandgrow.”24.WhodoesHoteachatLPCH?A.Sickchildren. B.Youngnurses.C.Medicalstudents. D.Patients’parents.25.WhatisacharacteristicofHo’sjob?A.Prioritizingacademics. B.Encouraginginnovation.C.Treatingvariousdiseases. D.Playingmultipleroles.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?A.Offeringregularlessons. B.Payingextraattention.C.Assigningnoschoolwork. D.Showingnosympathy.27.HowdoesthehospitalschoolbenefitthestudentsaccordingtoGood?A.Iteasespeerpressure. B.Ithelpsthemliveinhope.C.Itfreesthemfromaches. D.Itentertainsthemwithstories.【答案】24．A25．D26．C27.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了医院教师凯西·霍如何帮助患病学生在住院期间保持梦想、继续进行课业学习的故事。【详解】A事实细节题根据第一段第一句KathyHoteacheshighschoolinsideLucilePackardChildren'sHospitalStanford(LPCH).和第二段第一句中的...about500LPCHpatientsalsobecomestudents.可知,Ho在这家儿童医院教的是病人，即生病的孩子，故选A。D事实细节题根据第三段中Ho说的话I'macoach,anadviser,andacomforter,...可知，作为医院教师，她在工作中扮演教练、顾问和安慰者等多种角色，故选D。C词义猜测题本题是词义猜测题中的代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的上一句Someteachersdon'tgivethekidsanyassignments;theyexpresssympathyinstead.和下一句Theythinktheirteachersdon'tcareabouttheirschoolwork.可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，更多的是表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业，前后对比说明不布置作业反而对他们来说是一种伤害，it指代前面提到的someteachersdon'tgivethekidsanyassignments,C项"Assigningnoschoolwork.".27.B推理判断题根据题干中的Good定位到文章最后一段，根据Good说的话可知，药物只是解决某些问题的一小部分，而医院学校可以通过让孩子们学习和成长，保持他们的梦想，让他们生活在希望中，故选B。Passage5（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）“I

amnotcrazy,"saysDr.WlliamFartber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(针灸)onarabbit."Iamaheadofmytime."Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseeven

someofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.He'soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(兽医)nowpracticing"holistic"medicine-combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,

chiropractic(按摩疗法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesuffered

fromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthree

treatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,"movesmore

easily

and

ridesmorecomfortably"afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membership

intheAmericanHolistic

VeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesme

thatitworkssowell,"hesays."Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That'smyjob."24.Whatdosomeof

Farber'scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He'sodd.B.He's

strict.

C.He'sbraveD.He'srude.

25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians'work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber'spoint.B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians.D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.【答案】24．A25．C26．D27.A【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。兽医WilliamFarber奉行中西医结合的整体医学疗法，用针灸、按摩等方式治疗动物并取得了良好疗效。【详解】A推理判断题根据第一段第一句Iamnotcrazy以及第三句中的someofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethod可知,Farber的一些同事认为他很怪异(odd)，因此A选项正确。25.C推理判断题根据第二段内容可知，20年前有段时间Farber背部疼痛难忍，用药无效后尝试接受中医针灸治疗并取得很好的治疗效果。他受到启发，经过多年研习后，将此疗法应用于动物，因此C选项正确。26.D主旨大意题第三段通过两个具体的治疗案例说明整体医学疗法对于动物治疗的有效性，因此D选项正确。27.A推理判断题从最后一段可知，兽医WilliamFarber确信整体医学将会越来越受欢迎。自1982年以来，美国整体医疗兽医协会会员人数的增长印证了这一观点，因此A选项正确。Passage6（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.25.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?AToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.27.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】24．C25．D26．B27.A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了JohnTodd通过观察大自然的自我修复，借鉴自然界生态系统，来清理污染物的故事。【详解】24.C推理判断题根据前两段可知，JohnTodd小时候喜欢探索森林，观察自然界是如何解决问题的。长大之后，在大学学习了相关专业知识，他开始思考这种自然现象是否可以用来解决人类制造的污染问题，说明他有探究事物的好奇心，善于思考，因此C选项正确。25.D推理判断题据第三段第一、二句ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge.First,heconstructed...以及第四段可知，JohnTodd要建一个生态机器，去除污泥中的有害物质，他先建立了一个生态系统，然后将污泥加入其中，以观察生态机器的处理效果，因此D选项正确。26.B写作目的根据第五段最后一句Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.可知,Fuzhou及是因为JohnTodd曾经在那里设计了一个生态机器来清理运河水，这是JohnTodd所设计的生态机器的一个应用案例，因此B选项正确。27.A事实细节题从文章末段最后两句Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.可知,JohnTodd的研究依据是观察自然界生态系统，他认为生态系统具有自我修复的能力，因此A选项正确。Passage7（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly"（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.26.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.IthelpslocalfarmersgrowfruitsD.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.【答案】24．B25．B26．D27.A【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，呼吁人们节约粮食，减少浪费，珍惜劳动成果，保护自然资源。【详解】24.B推理判断据第一段Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.ButIendedupworkinglate..unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch.可知，作者有心避免浪费食物，但却因加班、与朋友聚餐以及买得太多而使得芝麻菜腐坏，由此推断我们有时会在无意中浪费食物。B选项中的unintentionally与文中的unthinkingly为同义异构。25.B事实细节题根据第三段前两句Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater...anenvironmentalproblem.可知,食物浪费会引发环境问题。26.D事实细节题根据第四段第三句CurtinisCEOof...recoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.可知，Curtin所在的公司旨在将人们不想要的食品转化为健康的食物，D项符合文意。27.A事实细节题根据最后一段第二句Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherby...orby...youwon'teat.可,Curtin建议人们通过仅购买所需食品，以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪费，A项符合文意。Passage8（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed."It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.【答案】28．D29．B30．C31.A【导语】英国一家慈善机构发起了一个让养老院老人养鸡的项目，以缓解老年人的孤独，这个项目受到老年人的欢迎。【详解】28.D事实细节题根据第二段第一句Theprojectwasdreamedup...toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.可知,这个项目的目的是为了缓解老年人的孤独，提升他们的幸福感。D项中的promote和welfare分别对应文中的improve和wellbeing，故选D。29.B推理判断题根据五段It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus...I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.可知，RuthXavier喜欢养鸡，做些有用的事让她感觉很好，由此可推断出她从养鸡这件事中获得了成就感(asenseofachievement)。30.C词义猜测题根据embarkon前面的oneofthefirst及其后面的Residentsreallywelcometheideaof可知,此指WendyWilson是最早发起(begin)这个项目的人之一，embarkon与C项begin意思相近。31.A推理判断题根据最后两段中Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheproject...Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.可知,人们欣然接受这个项目并且乐于参与，也就是这个项目很受大家欢迎(wellreceived)。Passage9（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it'sjustnormal.Thishith