专题04 阅读理解议论文+新闻报道（10年汇编）2017-2026年高考英语真题分类汇编（解析版）

高考真题分类解析PAGE试卷第=1页，共=sectionpages33页PAGE1专题04阅读理解-议论文+新闻报道考点分类十年考情（2017-2026）命题规律考点01细节理解题议论文必考，每篇1-2题；考观点、数据、论据、现象原文信息，靠同义替换设选项传统：原文直接定位，干扰项偷换概念、无中生有创新：需整合多段细节，区分大众观点与作者观点考点02推理判断题高频拉分题型，每篇2题；由案例、数据推断政策效果、作者态度、发展趋势，答案不能是原文原句传统：单段简单推导，忌过度脑补创新：跨段多层推理，隐性判断作者立场考点03词义/指代猜测题考查较少，一道题或者不考；考代词指代法案/观点、抽象词汇，依托转折、举例论证猜义传统：就近找线索，上下文有明显解释创新：线索隐蔽，代词跨段指代核心论题考点04主旨大意题（标题/段意/写作目的）每篇文末必有标题题；概括中心论点、分论点，判断作者批判/倡导意图传统：主旨覆盖“问题+作者观点”，片面描述为干扰项创新：多用反问式标题，主旨藏在段落转折后，侧重文本社会导向Passage1（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?ACarsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.CPeoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?【答案】28．C29．A30．B31.A【导语】本文是一篇议论文，通过引述荷兰作者的新书《出行之道》，批评了城市街道设计过度服务汽车、忽视行人尤其是儿童出行安全的问题，呼吁人们重新思考街道的功能，建设适宜居民生活的城市环境。【详解】28.C事实细节题根据第一段中declinesinpedestrianmobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren,toomuchtrafficontheroads,theypackthemintothecarinstead可知，街道上的车流量很大，步行的人数少了，家长因为担心孩子上学时的出行安全，只得选择开车接送孩子。所以本段描述的是人们放弃步行，选择开车的现象。29.A事实细节题第三段先呈现了城市街道规划的现状:社区为道路交通网让步。接着引出了加拿大记者JaneJacobs对此现象的抗议。根据JaneJacobs为calledonhermayortochampion"NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”可知，她反对修建高速公路是为了让城市变得宜居，livable是adecentplacetolive的同义替换。30.B推理判断题第三段最后一句指出，20世纪60和70年代澳大利亚也发生了抗议“城市规划优先道路而牺牲社区”的活动。第四段描述了尽管这些抗议活动的范围广泛，但根据themajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar,Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly,thehighestrateofcarownership可知，西方国家城市规划仍关注汽车出行的需求，尤其是澳大利亚汽车数量多，由此可以推断城市规划仍以道路为中心，故这些抗议收效甚微。31.A主旨大意题首段引出当今的交通现象，行人少了，汽车多了，引出速度快但安全堪忧的汽车出行方式。第二段提出两位作家对这种现象的思考。第三、四段介绍反对“因修建道路而牺牲社区”的抗议活动及其结果城市规划仍以汽车的需求为中心，追求快速的出行方式。最后一段呼应第一段做出总结，不能因为追求速度而放弃安全，应重新思考街道的意义。所以，文章整体在批判城市规划中过度追求快速的交通而忽略安全、宜居的生活环境，A项WhytheRush?以反问形式点明主旨。Passage2（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws."Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone."28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"something"inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.31.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStartB.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzerC.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDriversD.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer【答案】28．A29．B30．D31.B【导语】本文为议论文，介绍美国多数州已立法禁止司机开车发短信，但分心驾驶问题愈发严重、车祸激增；纽约议员提出新型设备Textalyzer，可现场检测司机手机使用记录，依靠立法威慑减少开车玩手机行为。【详解】A.推理判断题。根据第一段中“Overthelastsevenyearsmoststateshavebannedtextingbydriversandpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.”(在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。)以及第二段中Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.(然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。)可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的"，与此相符。A.Ineffective无效的;B.Unnecessary不必要的:C.Inconsistent不一致的;D.Unfair不公平的。故选A。29.B.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中ThetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheraThetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.(这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。)可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。故选B。30.D.代词指代题。根据句中的Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior.(我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，)可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,"peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.(他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，"人们会更害怕拿起手机。)可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机，故something指代的是法律。A.Advice建议:B.Data数据:C.Tests测试;D.Laws法律。故选D。31.B.标题判断题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是"虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重"。第三段中Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore.(部分原因是开车的人越来越多)可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是:相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer(发短信还是在开车?防范短信监控器。)适合文章的标题。故选B。Passage3（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intellingence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades，advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson’smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills.D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.ToclarifyaconceptC.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.B【导读】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了什么是情商以及情商普及的优势，并表达了作者自己的观点，同时提出了对情商研究的未来期望。【详解】32.D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand‘peopleskills’.”可知，许多人误把情商理解为一个人的性格中无法被智商测试所衡量的几乎可取的一切，也就是指一个人的积极的品质。故选D项。33.B推理判断题。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介绍情商的概念。由此推断出提到的“医生”和“骗子”是对这一概念的解释。故选B项。34.A推理判断题。根据题干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定位到第三段。根据第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知，作者认为情商普及利大于弊。又根据“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者对于情商普及是赞成的。故选A项。35.B主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.”可知，虽然情商的持续流行吸引力是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能引起人们对情感的科学研究和学术研究的更大的兴趣。又根据下文的“Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(视角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.”可知，我们希望在未来的数十年后，科学的进步提供新的视角来研究人们如何管理他们的生活。由此可知，这些是对未来研究的期望。故选B项。Passage4（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤独),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It’shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn D.Thedaughters.29.WhatisNick’sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.30.Whatistheauthor’sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.Familytraditions. B.Financialreports. C.Publishedstatistics. D.Publicopinions.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.C.AhousingprobleminBritain. D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.【答案】28．B29．A30．C31.D【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，主要讲述了在英国多代人同住一起的社会现象呈上升趋势。【详解】28.B事实细节题根据第二段中...hismother-in-law:shelivesonthegroundfloor...和三段最后一句...RitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.可知，布斯托尔市的这间维多利亚式房屋里，丽塔(Rita)住在一楼。29.A理判断题根据第五段"Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould."可知，尼克(Nick)对和岳母住一起持赞同的态度。30.C推理判断题根据倒数第三段的Officialreportssuggestthat...hadrisenfrom325,000in2001to419,000in2013.和倒数第二段的Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.可推出作者在阐述多代同住的观点时依据的是已发布的数据。31.D主旨大意题本文以丽塔(Rita)三代人同住一起为例，介绍了在英国多代人同住一起这一社会现象，根据已发布的研究报告和数据可知这种现象呈上升的趋势。Passage5（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool（小学）,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are＂mostlikelytoengage（从事）indangerousandriskybehavior.＂Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys（调查研究）.＂Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus."Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate-sharing,kindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch，Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too."Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,＂hesaid.32.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.33.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.34.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【答案】32．C33．A34．B35．A【导语】本文是一篇说明性议论文。作者从社会心理学视角讨论了青少年小学与中学阶段的成长经历，论述了个体受欢迎程度这一青少年心理健康话题，最后得出结论:受欢迎的人比不受欢迎的人和地位高的人日后的适应能力更强，更有优势。【详解】32.C推理判断题根据题干中的elementaryschool可将答案定位到第一段第一句，该句提到Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，可推断出，作者在小学时期是一个慷慨大方的女孩。33.A事实细节题本题需要整体理解第二段内容，归纳其段落大意。本段前两句为主旨句，提出受欢迎度这一概念，并且介绍了MitchPrinstein的理论，把受欢迎的人分为两类，后面围绕这两种分类展开论述。classification与第二句中的categories为同义异构现象。34.B推理判断题根据第二段中的Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualities..whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.以及四段中的Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.可知,最受欢迎的青少年会对同学变得不友好。那些地位高的人也会出现这种情况。讨人喜欢的能力会在今后的生活和工作中发挥作用，带来良好的适应力。由此可推断，最受欢迎的孩子往往适应能力更强。adaptable与本段中的adjustment为同义异构现象。35.A主旨大意题纵观全文，作者论述受欢迎度对青少年的影响。本题A选项学生理解起来较困难，可通过排除法去做，B选项“地位越高越好”显然违背文章主旨;C选项“成为最好的自己，你可以的”，有一定干扰性，但文中没有提到成为最好的，而是要成为最受欢迎的;D选项“多一些自我控制，少一些攻击性”，文中没有提到自我控制。再根据最后一段中的Beingliked(讨人喜欢)createsopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage可推知,正确选项为A“友善一点(讨人喜欢)”，你将不会排在最后(你不会完蛋/你会笑到最后).finish获得(名次)如finishfirst/secondetc..。Passage6（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）ForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediacompanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChina-inspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs-andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbecomethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion. B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels. D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords "takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.competingagainst27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【答案】24．B25．A26．D27．D【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。【详解】24.B推理判断题根据Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.可知，这次展览参观人数创造了纪录。故选B项，展览吸引了大量参观者。25.A推理判断题根据第四段第二句...Chinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion-theyarecentraltoitsmovement可,Hill为中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动中的核心。故选A项，她们正在开创时尚。26.D词义猜测题根据第四段最后一句...beatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales可知,VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统时尚大牌。故选D项。27.D主旨大意题本文通过AmandaHill的评论，论述了中国文化、中国艺术、中国设计师等等在国际时尚中发挥着非常重要的作用。因此，“中国文化刺激着国际时尚的发展和潮流”最能概括文章大意。Passage7（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTcbbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant.”sheexplains.“Ipay£5foraportion(―份)，butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列节目)SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid? A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests. B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna? A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher. B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters. D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4? A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess【答案】24．B25．C26．C26．D【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了SusannaReid主持的烹饪节目SaveMoney:GoodFood。这个节目旨在帮助家庭烹饪省钱、美味又营养的食物。【详解】B推理判断题根据第一段...,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.和第二段InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisits...可推断，SusannaReid主持了一个新的烹饪节目SaveMoney:GoodFood.C推理判断题根据第二段...withthehelpofchefMattTebbutt...以及第三段Ipay£5foraportion,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion...可推知厨师Matt帮助Susanna做一些烹饪方面的工作。C写作目的题根据第四段可知SaveMoney:GoodFood这个节目仿效了ITV出品的节目SaveMoney:GoodHealth。由此可知，这里作者是想介绍SaveMoney:GoodFood这个节目的背景信息。27.D主旨大意题本文主要介绍了SusannaReid主持的电视节目SaveMoney:GoodFood.由第一段...showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget,第二段...offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday以及最后一段Theteamtransforms...withlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.可知SaveMoney:GoodFood这个节目旨在帮助家庭用更少的钱做出美味可口的饭菜。Passage8（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That’sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitsli