13000英语专升本-各单元重难点资料

Unit1

·Thepurposeofmakingadecisionistoestablishandachieveorganizationalgoalsandobjectives.

决策的目的是为了建立并达到组织的目的和目的。

·Managersmustmakeabestguessatwhatthefuturewillbeandtrytoleaveaslittleaspossibletochance.

管理者经常必须对未来的情况做出最佳的猜测，尽管不存侥幸。

·Formanagers,everydecisionhasconstraintsbasedonpolicies,procedures,laws,precedents,andthelike.

对于管理者来说，每次决策都是受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等因素的制约。

·Butthetendencytosimplifyblindsthemtootheralternatives.

但是这种简化倾向会他们对于其他的可选项视而不见。

·Decisionmakersmusthavesomewayofdeterminingwhichofseveralalternativesisbest—thatis,whichcontributesthemosttotheachievementoforganizationalgoals.

决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中哪一个是最好的—哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。

·Differentindividualsfrequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.

·Becausedifferentindividualsfrequentlyhavedifferentideasabouthowtoattainthegoals,thebestchoicemaydependonwhomakesthedecision.

因为个人通常会就如何达到目标持不同见解，所以最佳选择往往取决于谁来决策。

·Whenpresentedwithacommoncase,salesmanagerstendtoseesalesproblems,productionmanagersseeproductionproblems,andsoon.

当面对同一件事例时，销售部门经理易于看到销售问题，生产部经理则会看到生产问题，如此等等。

·Peopleoftenassumethatadecisionisanisolatedphenomenon.

人们通常认为决策是一个孤立的现象。

·Theliterarycriticsshouldbeasobjectiveaspossibleinanalysisandjudgment.

文学批评家在分析和评价时应该尽量不偏不倚。

·Sheisalwaysreadytoargueoverthesmallestissues.

她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。

·Iarguedhimoutofgoingonsuchadangerousjourney.

我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。

·Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguswiththejob,hewasonlyintheway.

虽然他以为他在帮我们干这件事，但他只是在碍我们的事。

Unit2

·Thetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenonareinadequatehere.

我们通常用来描述科学现象的现有术语在这里不够用。

·Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeisaregionofspaceintowhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcanescape.

天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞，但任何物质不能从黑洞中逃脱。

·Somestarsexplodewhentheirdensityincreasestoaparticularpoint.

某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。

·Thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresults.

收缩的过程可能非常强烈一致产生黑洞。

·Itisonlyrecentlythatastronomershavebegunspecificresearchintoblackholes.

只是近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。

·Veryadvancedtechnologycouldonedaymakeuseoftheenergyofblackholesformankind.

由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞的能量为人类服务。

·Hehasexertedallhisstrengthtoattainhisgoal.

他已经尽了全力以达到自己的目标。

·Hehasbeenexertingalotofpressureonmetochangemymind.

他一直在施加种种压力要我改变主意。

·Thecollapseofthegovernmentleftthecountryinconfusion.

政府的倒台使全国陷入混乱之中。

·Theresearchgrouplaunchedoutintoaseriesofnewexperiments.

研究小组着手进行了一系列新的实验。

Unit3

·Eachtimeitisshown,theprogramstartsanationwidedebateonthesubject.

每次播放都引起对这个问题的全国性大辩论。

·Inadditiontothis,aseconddoctormustconfirmthatthesecriteriahavebeenmet.

此外，还必须有一名医生证实这些标准已经得到满足。

·Inthevastmajorityofeuthanasiacases,whatthepatientisactuallyaskingforissomethingelse.

·Euthanasiadoesn'ttakeintoaccountthattherearewaysofcaringforthedying.

·Anythingthatlegallyallowstheshorteningoflifedoesmakethosepeoplemorevulnerable.

法律上允许缩短生命的任何做法只会使这些人更易受到伤害。

·Instructionswillbesentimmediatelyonrequest.

说明将按要求立即寄出。

·Manypeopleopposedbuildinganewhighwaybecauseofthegreatcost.

由于代价过于高昂，许多人都反对修一条新公路。

·Sheborethewholeburdenofraisingtwochildrenalone.

她一个人负起抚养两个孩子的全部责任。

·Studentsareheavilyburdenedwithhomeassignments.

学生家庭作业负担过重。

·Thecommitteedemandsthatnomember(should)beabsent.

委员会要求任何成员不得缺席。

Unit4

·Ofthese20,000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers.

·Inoneofthem,aFilipinomaidwasexecutedinSingaporeafterbeingconvictedofmurder,despiteprotestsfromvariousquartersthatherguilthadnotbeenadequatelyestablished.

·Iwassupposedtobepaid￡120butIneverreceivedthatamount.

·MyemployersalwaysthreatenedtoreportmetotheHomeOfficeorthepolice.

·Manypeopledoubtwhetherthiswillsuccessfullyreducetheincidenceofabuse.

·Soiftheydocomplain,theyriskbeingdeported.

·Itistherighttochangeemployerswhichdistinguishesemploymentfromslavery.

·ThestudentexploitseverypossibilitytolearnEnglish.

这个学生利用一切可能性学英语。

·Ourcountryislaunchingacampaignagainstwaste.

我们国家正在开展反浪费运动。

·Weshouldbealwaysawareofthestatusofworldaffairs.

我们应该时刻关注世界形势。

·Therearelikelytobemoredifficultiesthanyouwerepreparedfor.

很可能遇到的困难比你想到的多。

Unit5

·Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.

·Theyfreelytookoverelementsfromjazz,fromAmericancountrymusic,andastimewentonfromevenmorediversesources.

·Whatdevelopedwasamusicreadilytakingonvariousformsandcapableofanalmostlimitlessrangeofexpression.

·Instudiorecordings,newtechniquesmadepossibleeffectsthatnotevenanelectronicbandcouldproducelive.

·Electronicamplifiersalsomadepossibleafantasticincreaseinvolume,themusicbecomingasloudandpenetratingasthehumanearcouldstand

·Oftenmusicwasplayedoutofdoors,wherenatureprovidedtheenvironment.

·Thesocialandpoliticaltransformationofacountryisessentialtothedevelopmentofthesociety.

一个国家的社会和政治改革对社会的发展非常重要。

·Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.

所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。

Unit6

·Robots,becomingincreasinglyprevalentinfactoriesandindustrialplantsthroughoutthedevelopedworld,areprogrammedandengineeredtoperformindustrialtaskswithouthumanintervention.

·Therobotsusedinnuclearpowerplantshandletheradioactivematerials,preventinghumanpersonnelfrombeingexposedtoradiation.

·Robotsdifferfromautomaticmachinesinthataftercompletionofonespecifictask,theycanbereprogrammedbyacomputertodoanotherone.

·Otherengineersarewritingnewprogramsallowingrobotstomakedecisionssuchaswhethertodiscarddefectivepartsinfinishedproducts.

·Thesefuturerobots,assembledwithasenseoftouchandtheabilitytoseeandmakedecisions,willhaveplentyofworktodo.

·Anyonewantingtounderstandtheindustryofthefuturewillhavetoknowaboutrobotics.

·Hiswordscastanewlightontheproblem.

他的话题使人们对这个问题有了新的认识。

·WeshouldbeawareofthedangersofexposingchildrentoviolenceonTV.

我们应该意识到儿童接触有关暴力节目的危害。

Unit7

·Peopleinadvancedindustrialsocietiesareincreasinglyconcernedwithopportunitiesforleisureandwhattheycandointheirleisuretime.

·Generallyspeaking,thequalityoflife,especiallyasseenbytheindividual,ismeaningfulintermsofthedegreetowhichthesevariousareasoflifeareavailableorprovidesatisfactiontotheindividual.

·Thespecificuseofleisurevariesfromindividualtoindividual.

·Experiencesofadifferentnature,beittelevisionwatchingorbird-watching,canleadtoaself-renewalandamore“balanced”wayoflife.

·Suchattitudesamounttoarecognitionthatleisureisanimportantareaoflifeandabeliefthatleisurecanandshouldbeputtogooduse.

·Toimpartpositiveleisureattitudestothegeneralpublicisessentialformotivatingthemtousetheirleisureincreativeandsatisfyingways.

·Itcanbearguedthatthepeoplewithwhomwecomeintocontactinthesevariouscontextsarealllikelytohaveexertedsomeinfluenceinshapingourattitudes,interestsandevenskillsrelevanttohowwehandleleisure.

·Themoreseriouslythisissought,themorelikelypositiveattitudestowardsleisureaswellasacademicworkwillbeencouraged.

·Youhavetoattachalabeltoaboxwhilepostingit.

·Weshouldmakeourlivesrelevanttotheneedsofthecountry.

·Healwayshassomepositiveideasoncompanypolicy.

Unit8

·TheproblemofJetLagisoneeveryinternationaltravelercomesacrossatsometime.

·Theeffectsofrapidtravelonthebodyareactuallyfarmoredisturbingthanwerealize.

·HelaterblamedhispoorjudgmentonJetLag.

·NowthatweunderstandwhatJetLagis,wecangosomewaytoovercomingit.

·Intime,thephysiologicalsystemwillresetitself,butitdoestaketime.

·Itisnotfeasibletowaitfourdaysuntilthebodyisusedtothenewtimezone.

·Thatisbynomeansthebestwayofproceeding.

·Hedidn'ttakealarmatthenews.

·Thepianistpromotedagrandbenefitconcert.

·Hedidn'twanttobetiedtoasteadyjob.

Unit9

·Thenearerasocietyapproximatestozeropopulationgrowth,theolderitspopulationislikelytobe—atleast,foranyfuturethatconcernsusnow.

·Tothesenowfamiliarfactsanumberoffurtherfactsmaybeadded,someofthemonlyrecentlyrecognized.

·Thereistheappreciationofthesalienthistoricaltruththattheagingofadvancedsocietieshasbeenasuddenchange.

·Takentogether,thesethingshaveimplicationswhichareonlybeginningtobeacknowledged.

·ThereisoftenresistancetotheideathatitisbecausethebirthratefellearlierinWesternandNorthwesternEuropethanelsewhere,…thatwehavegrownsoold.

·Longlifeisalteringoursociety,ofcourse,butinexperientialterms.

·Youraccountofwhathappenedapproximatestotherealfacts.

·Hisearningsareoutofallproportiontohisskillandability.

Unit10

·Aminor-partyorindependentcandidate,…candrawvotesawayfromthemajor-partynomineesbutstandsalmostnochanceofdefeatingthem.

·Indecidingwhethertopursueacourseofaction,theytrytoestimateitslikelyimpactonthevoters.

·Thesloganwasmeantasaremindertothecandidateandthestafftokeepthecampaignfocusedonthenation’sslow-movingeconomy.

·Whethervotersacceptthisimage,however,dependsmoreonexternalfactorsthanonacandidate’spersonalcharacteristics.

·Asin1980,whenJimmyCarterlosttoRonaldReaganduringtougheconomictimes,thevotersweremotivatedlargelybyadesireforchange.

·Bushtriedtostirimagesofhisstrongleadershipofthewar,butvotersremainedconcernedabouttheeconomy.

·Theinventionisgoingtocauseabigstirintheworld.

·Youshouldsaveupmoneytomakeprovisionforthefuture.

Unit11

·Animalresearchisirrelevanttoourhealthanditcanoftenproducemisleadingresults.

·Itwouldbecompletelyirresponsibleandunethicaltousedrugsonpeoplethathadnotbeenthoroughlytestedonanimals.

·Oneexperimentinnerveregenerationinvolvescuttingabignerveinarat’sleg,leavingitslegparalysed.

·Evenwiththesenewdevelopmentsinresearch,onlyatinyproportionofalltestsaredonewithoutusinganimalsatsomestage.

·Theuseofanimalsinexperimentscannotstopimmediatelyifmedicalresearchistocontinueandconsumerproductsaretobeproperlytested.

·Whenitcomestoresearchintoheartdiseaseanditseffectsonthebody,wedonothaveadequatesubstitutesfortheuseofanimals.

·Iwassurprisedtoseehisroominsuchalitter.

·Theconditionsthatexistedtenyearsagoarereproducedtoday.

Unit12

·Untilrecentlydaydreamingwasgenerallyconsideredeitherawasteoftimeorasymptomofneurotictendencies.

·Atitsbest,daydreamingwasconsideredacompensatorysubstitutefortherealthingsinlife.

·Aswithanythingcarriedtoexcess,daydreamingcanbeharmful.

·Thereisagrowingbodyofevidencetosupportthefactthatmostpeoplesufferfromalackofdaydreamingratherthananexcessofit.

·Daydreamingsignificantlycontributestointellectualgrowth,powerofconcentration,andtheabilitytointeractandcommunicatewithothers.

·Daydreamingresultedinimprovedself-controlandenhancedcreativethinkingability.

·Contrarytopopularbelief,constantandconsciouseffortatsolvingaproblemis,inreality,oneofthemostinefficientwaysofcopingwithit.

·Wheneverconfrontedwithataskwhichseemedtoohardtobedealtwith,hewouldstretchoutonhislaboratorysofaandletfantasiesfloodhismind.

·Theimportantthingtorememberistopicturethesedesiredobjectivesasifyouhadalreadyattainedthem.

·Daydreamingishighlybeneficialtoyourphysicalandmentalwell-being.

·Escapebeingimpossible,therabbitturnedtoconfrontthedog.

·Thedifficultiesthatconfrontuscannotbeovercome.

Unit13

·Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhathedoesnotenjoydoing,orifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.

·Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesignthatwhatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoit.

·Whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.

·Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,notonthejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.

·Itisalreadypossibletoimagineasocietyinwhichthemajorityofthepopulation,thatistosay,itslaborers,willhavealmostasmuchleisureasinearliertimeswasenjoyedbythearistocracy.

·Themassesaremorelikelytoreplaceanunchangingritualbyfashionwhichitwillbeintheeconomicinterestofcertainpeopletochangeasoftenaspossible.

·Workersseldomcommitactsofviolence,becausetheycanputtheiraggressionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormentalliketheworkofascientistoranartist.

·Theywereoftencompelledtoworktwelveorfourteenhoursaday.

·Thepoliceundertookdetailedandcomprehensiveinvestigationsintothecase.

Unit14

·Thedevice,though,woulddomuchmorethancapturealecture.

·ItwasamicrocassettefoundinKathleenWeinstein’sshirtpocketthatnotonlyledpolicetoherallegedkillerbutalsorevealedtheNewJerseyteachertobeawomanofextraordinarycourageandcompassion.

·GrabbingWeinsteinbythejaw,theattackertoldherhehadagunandforcedherintotheCamry.

·Itwasthere,policebelieve,thatWeinsteinwasabletoactivatetherecordershekeptinherbag.

·Herpowerofpersuasionweretonoavail.

·Weinstein’sbody,withhandsandfeetbound,wasdiscoveredbyah