数控专业英语

Unit1TheDevelopmentofNCMachineToolsTextWordsandExpressionsNoteTextWhatisnumericallycontrolledmachinetool?Numericallycontrolledmachinetoolisthemachinewhichusestheinformationincodedform(programinstruction)tocontrolcutterstomachineautomaticallyaccordingtosettingworkprogram,speedandpath,referredtoasNCmachinetools.Then,howdiditdevelop?Asscientifictechnologyandsocialproductiondeveloped,theproductionequipmentswhichmachinemechanicalproductswereputforwardsthreehighrequirements(highperformance,highprecision,highautomation).Forsolvingtheproblems,anewtypeofnumericalprogramcontrolmachineemergedattherightmoment.Itsolvedaseriesofthesecontradictionseffectivelyandprovidedautomaticprocessingmethodforsingleandsmallbatchproduction,especiallyforthepartswithcomplexprofiles.下一页返回TextIn1948,theU.S.ParsonsCorporationacceptedacommissionoftheU.SAirForcetodevelopatypeofmachiningequipmentwhichcouldmachinethecontourmodelofpropellerblade.Astheshapeofthemodeliscomplexanddiverse,itsprecisionrequirementishigh,whichgeneralmachiningequipmentisdifficulttoadapt,theideaofdevelopingthecomputernumericalcontrolwasproposed.In1949,withthehelpofservolaboratoryoftheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）,thecorporationbegantheresearchofNCmachinetools.Anditsucceededintrial-producingthefirstthreecoordinatesNCmillingmachineretrofittedfromthecopyingmillingmachine.Soon,thethreecoordinatesmillingmachinewasputintoproductionandwasusedin1957.Thiswasasignificantbreakthroughintheprocessofdevelopmentofmanufacturingtechnology,markingthebeginningoftheageofNCmachininginthemanufacturingarea.下一页上一页返回TextSinceNCmachiningisthebaseofmodernmanufacturingtechnology，intermsofmanufacturingindustry,theinventionhashadepoch-makingsignificanceandprofoundinfluence.Theworld'smajorindustrializedcountriesattachgreatimportancetotheresearchanddevelopmentofNCmachiningtechnology.InthefiftyyearsfromthetimethefirstNCmachinetoolscameouttonow,itexperiencedthesixgenerationsNCsystemwhichincludedtheelectronictube(1950),thetransistorandtheprintedcircuitboard(1960),small-scaleintegratedcircuits(1965),theminicomputer(1970),themicroprocessororthemicrocomputer(1974)andtheintelligentNCsystembasedonPC-NC（thelate1990s）.Onthefirstnumericallycontrolled(NC)machine,numericaldatawascontrolledbyatape,andbecauseofthat,theNCsystemswereknownastape-controlled下一页上一页返回Textmachines.Theywereabletocontroloperationsenteredintothemachinebypunchedormagnetictape.Thereisnopossibilityofeditingtheprogramonthemachine.Tochangetheprogram,anewtapehadtobemade.Today’ssystemshavecomputerstocontroldata.TheyarecalledComputerNumericallyControlmachines.AtthesametimeofthecontinuousupdateofNCsystem,thevarietiesofNCmachinetoolshavebeendeveloped.Thatistosay,themachinetoolsadoptingNCsystemareincreasing,suchaslathe,millingmachine,boringmachine,drillingmachine,grindingmachine,gearcuttingmachinetoolandelectricsparkmachinetool.上一页返回WordsandExpressionsproductionn.生产，制造；workn.工件cuttern.切削刀具，刀片；mechanicala.（用）机械的Automatica.自动的automaticallyad.自动地retrofitv.改型，式样翻新coordinaten.坐标v.使协调，调整developv.开发,发展modeln.模型，式样，样板technologyn.工艺，技术profilen.轮廓，外形（观）contourn.轮廓线，形状machinen.机器，机械，机床；v.机械加工，机械制造下一页返回WordsandExpressionsmanufacturevt.n.（机械）制造，制造业coden.代码；v.译为代码lathen.车床Numericalcontrol(NC)数字控制（数控）numericallycontrolledmachinetool数控机床machinetool机床printedcircuitboard印刷线路板millingmachine铣床boringmachine镗床gearcuttingmachinetool齿轮加工机床electricsparkmachinetool电火花加工机床copyingmillingmachine仿形铣床magnetictape磁带上一页返回Note(1)Numericallycontrolledmachinetoolisamachinewhichusestheinformationincodedform(programinstruction)tocontrolcutterstomachineautomaticallyaccordingtosettingworkprogram,speedandtrack,referredtoasNCmachinetool.①Which所引导的句子为定语从句，修饰amachine。②incodedform:大家都知道code是代码的意思，可能会忽略它的动词含义—译为代码，这里用的是它的过去分词形式修饰form；短语in…form表示“以…的形式。③accordingto依据，按照下一页返回Note(2)Anditsucceededintrial-producingthefirstthreecoordinatesNCmillingmachineretrofittedfromthecopyingmillingmachine.①句中retrofittedfromthecopyingmillingmachine是过去分词短语作后置定语，用于修饰millingmachine.(3)Intermsofmanufacturingindustry,theinventionhasepoch-makingsignificanceandprofoundinfluence.①Intermsof就……而言，对于……而言，在…方面，用…措辞下一页上一页返回Note(4)Theworld'smajorindustrializedcountriesattachgreatimportancetotheresearchanddevelopmentofNCmachiningtechnology.世界上主要工业发达国家都十分重视数控加工技术的研究和发展。句中attachgreatimportanceto表示非常重视。(5)InthefiftyyearsfromthetimethefirstNCmachinetoolscameouttonow,itexperiencedthesixgenerationsNCsystemwhichincludedtheelectronictube(1950),thetransistorandtheprintedcircuitboard(1960),small-scaleintegratedcircuits(1965),theminicomputer(1970),themicroprocessororthemicrocomputer(1974)andtheintelligentNCsystembasedonPC-NC（thelate1990s). 下一页上一页返回Note①句中的介词短语from…to做后置定语，修饰前面的thefiftyyears,而在介词短语中有套有定语从句，先行词为thetime,后面的从句thefirstNCmachinetoolscameout作定语，起修饰、限制作用。②句中还存在有另一个定语从句，先行词为thesixgenerationsNCsystem，其后为which引导的定语从句。(6)Onthefirstnumericallycontrolled(NC)machines,numericaldatawascontrolledbytape,andbecauseofthat,theNCsystemswereknownastape-controlledmachines.上一页返回Unit2theComponentsofNCMachineTool

TextWordsandExpressionsNoteTextNCmachinetoolsgenerallyconsistofinputdevice，servosystem，measuringfeedbackdeviceandthemainbodyofthemachinetool(composedofmechanicalparts)，asshowninfigure2-1.1．Input/OutputDevice(1)OperationPanelItconsistsofthetoolswhichareusedforcommunicationbetweenoperatorsandNCdevices:buttonstation/statelamp/keyarray/display.Thefollowingfigure2-2showsanoperationpanelofSiemensNCsystem.下一页返回Text(2)ControlMediumInrunningNCmachinetool,theworkersdonotneedtooperateamachinebyshakingahandle.But,NCmachinetoolisneededtoexecutetheperson’sinventions.Thus,someconnectionmustbebuiltbetweenpersonsandNCmachinetools.Themediumoftheconnectionisreferredtoascontrolmedium(orprogrammedium,inputmedium,informationcarrier).下一页上一页返回Text(3)Man-machineInteractiveDevicesInrunningNCmachinetool,anoperatorinterferesNCsystem,edits,modifiesandsetsthemachiningprograminput,displaystherunningstateofNCmachinetool,andsoon.Thatistosay,NCmachinetoolshavethefunctionofman-machineinteraction.Thedeviceswiththefunctionofman-machineinteractionarecollectivelycalledman-machineinteractivedevices.Thecommonman-machineinteractivedevicesinvolvekeyboard,displayandphotoelectricreader,andsoon.下一页上一页返回Text(4)CommunicationInadditiononusingI/Odevicestoexchangetheinformation,themodernNCsystemiscapableofexchanginginformationbyusingcommunication.TheyarethebasictechnologyofrealizingtheintegrationofCAD/CAM,FMSandCIMS.下一页上一页返回Text2.ComputerNumericalControlDeviceNumericalcontroldeviceisthemaincentreofNCmachinetool.Thegeneralnumericalcontrolmachinetoolconsistsofinputdevice,memory,controller,arithmeticunitandoutputdevice.NCdevicesreceivetheinformationfrominputmediumandrecognize,store,manipulatethecode,thenoutputthecorrespondingpulsetodriveservosystemforcontrollingthemovementsofmachinetools.Inacomputernumericallycontrolledmachinetool,sincethecomputeritselfcontainsarithmeticunit,controller,theroleofNCdeviceisperformedbyacomputer.Thefollowingfigure2-3showscomputernumericalcontroldevice.下一页上一页返回Text3.FeedServoDriveSystemFeedservodrivesystemconsistsofservocircuit,poweramplifiercircuitandservomotor.Theroleofitsistoconvertthepulsesignalfromnumericalcontroldeviceintothemotionofthemovementcomponentsofamachinetool,whichmakesatable(orsaddle)precisepositionorperformrelativemotionstrictlyasthegivenpath.Finally,thepartwhichmeetstherequirementofdrawingsismachined.下一页上一页返回Text4.MachineElectricControlMachineelectriccontrolincludestwoaspects,programmablelogiccontroller(PLC)andI/Ocircuit.5.MeasuringfeedbackdeviceThedeviceconsistsofdetectioncomponentsandcorrespondingcircuit,containedinservesystem.Itsroleistodetectvelocityanddisplacementandreturnfeedbackforformingclosedloopsystem.Thecommonmeasuringdeviceusedarepulseencoder,rotarytransformer,inductosyn,gratingandmagneticfeet.Thefollowingfigure2-4showsameasuringdeviceinNCsystem.下一页上一页返回Text6.ThemainbodyofamachineThehostmachineisthemainbodyofmachine.Itincludesthebed,base,column,beam,slide,table,headstock,feedmechanism,toolpostandautomatictoolchanger,ItisthemechanicalpartswhichperformvariousmachiningautomaticallyonNCmachine.7.AuxiliarydevicesofNCmachinetoolsAuxiliarydevicesarenecessarysupportingdeviceswhichensuretogivefullplaytothefunctionofNCmachinetools.Thecommonauxiliarydevicesarehydraulic,pneumaticdevice,chipremovaldevice,cooling,lubricationdevice,androtaryworking-table,NCdividinghead,protection,lightingandotherauxiliarydevices.上一页返回WordsandExpressionsstandardadj.标准的,,正常的;n.标准,,规范discn.磁盘,圆盘,唱盘,唱片operatevt.&vi.操作,运转;vt.操作,控制,使运行executevt.执行,贯彻,实行,实施,完成;vi.执行,履行decodevt.译码inputn.输入,输入的数据;vt.把…输入电脑output输出operatevt.&vi.1转,操作;2.经营,管理,营业;mediumn.媒介,手段,方法;adj.中等的,适中的executevt.1.执行,贯彻,实施;vi.执行,履行,实行holen.洞,孔;vt.&vi.(在…上)打洞或穿孔transformern.变压器下一页返回WordsandExpressionsservomechanismn.自动驾驶装置,伺服机构punchvt.1.冲孔;2.打印记,打标记;decodevt.1.译(码),解(码);2.分析及译解电子信号photoelectricadj.光电的informationn.1.消息,资料,情报;2.通知,告知;auxiliaryadj.1.（工人）辅助的;2.（设备）备用的;n.1.助动词;2.辅助工,辅助人feedvt.1.喂养,为…提供食物;2.进给;feedbackn.1.反馈,反馈信息;差);2.回复,反应,反作用circuitn..电路,线路;下一页上一页返回WordsandExpressionsamplifiern.扩音器,放大器,扬声器;convertvt.&vi.(使)转变,(使)转化;vi.可转变为,可变换成;vt.改变tablen.桌子,台子,工作台;bedn.床,床位;vt.把…固定在columnn.1.圆柱,立柱;2.栏,专栏(文章)headstockn.主轴箱automatictoolchanger自动换刀机构measuringfeedbackdevice测量反馈装置下一页上一页返回WordsandExpressionstoolpost刀架hostmachine机床主机chipremovaldevice排屑装置rotaryworking-table回转工作台punchedcard穿孔卡punchedtape穿孔带binary-codedecimal二-十进制代码ElectronicIndustriesAssociation(EIA)美国电子工业协会StandardInformationCode(ISO)标准信息代码giveplayto发挥,表现出内在的能力NCdividinghead数控分度头machinecontrolunit(MCU)机床控制单元上一页返回Notes1.NCmachinetoolsgenerallyconsistofinputdevice，servosystem，measuringfeedbackdeviceandthemainbodyofthemachinetool.数控机床一般由输入装置、数控系统、伺服系统、测量反馈装置和机床本体组成。注：consistof由……组成2．ItconsistsofthetoolswhichareusedforcommunicationbetweenoperatorsandNCdevices.它是操作人员与数控装置进行信息交流的工具组成。注：句中thetools是先行词，其后which所引导的是定语从句，起修饰作用。下一页返回Notes3.Thus,someconnectionmustbebuiltbetweenpersonsandNCmachinetools这样，在人和数控机床之间就要有一些联系。注：句中betweenpersonsandNCmachinetools是介词短语作后置定语，修饰someconnection。4.The1-in.(25mm)eight-channeltapeusingbinary-codeddecimal(BCD)systemhasbeenselectedasstandardbyEIA采用二-十进制译码的1英寸（25mm）8列纸带已被美国电子工业协会选为标准纸带。上一页返回Fig.2-1theComponentofNCMachine

ToolComputerNCsystemOperationpanelI/OdeviceComputerNCdevicePLCMachineI/OcircuitanddeviceSpindleservounitSpindledriveunitfeedservounitfeeddriveunitmeasuringdeviceMachinetool返回Figure2-2operationpanelofSiemensNC

返回Figure2-3ComputerNumericalControlDevice返回Figure2-4measuringdevicein

NCmachine

返回Unit3theAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCNCMachinesTextWordsandExpressionsNoteTextCNCmachinetoolsfindwideapplicationinmodernmanufacturingindustry.Theyareflexible,efficientandautomaticmachinetools,solvingthemachiningproblemsofcomplex,precise,smallbatchandchangeableparts.CNCmachiningisamachiningprocessthatmachinesaroughintoaqualifiedpartbymeansofbeingdrivenbymachiningprograms.Ithasthefunctionsofcomputerdataprocessing,intelligentidentificationandautomaticcontrol,whichgeneral-purposemachinetoolshavenot.Therefore,itplaystheincomparableadvantagescomparingwithgeneral-purposemachinetools.Generallyspeaking,itmainlyincludesthefollowingaspectsofadvantages:下一页返回Text1.HighAdaptabilityforMachiningPartsRetrofitting2.HighMachiningPrecision3.Stable,ReliableMachiningQuality4.Highproductivity5.AHighDegreeofAutomation6.ReducedtheLaborIntensity7.ImprovedtheLaborConditions8.Enhancedtheproductionmanagementmodernization下一页上一页返回TextHowever,CNCmachinesalsohavesomedisadvantages:1.Theyarequiteexpensive.2.Theyhavetobeprogrammed,setup,operated,andmaintainedbyhighlyskilledpersonnel.下一页上一页返回TextObviously,CNCmachineshavemorethandisadvantages.ThecompaniesthathaveadoptedCNCtechnologyincreasetheircompetitiveedge.Aswithnewtechnology,thecostperCNCunitisbeingcutfurtherandcompaniescanaffordCNCequipment,whichenablesthemtomeettheincreasinglystrongrequirementsforproductionspeedandqualityofcompetitivemarkets.InthefuturethewideruseofCNCmachineswillbeoneofthebestwaystoenhanceautomationinmanufacturing.上一页返回WordsandExpressionschangeableadj.很可能变化的;常变化的;易变的;可变的complexadj.由许多部分组成的,复合的;2.复杂的,难懂的;intelligentadj.1.聪明的,理解力强的;2.智能的incomparableadj.1.无双的;2.无敌的,无比的programn.1.程序;2.编码指令,程式;vt.为(计算机)编制程序precisionn.精确度,准确(性);adj.精确的,准确的,细致的signaln.1.信号,暗号;2.标志,预示,信号scribev.抄写，划线dimensionn.1.尺寸,度量;2.（长、宽、高的）量度,面积editvt.&vi.编辑;vt.剪辑;下一页返回WordsandExpressionsstoren.1.贮存,贮备;2.大量,丰富;vt.&vi.储藏,存放pulsen.脉搏;vt.使跳动,使产生脉动,使摆动intermediateadj.1.中间的,中级的;2.中等的,适合中等程度者的;loadn.1.负荷,负担;2.装载,装载量;vt.&vi.1.把…装上车[船];2.装…下一页上一页返回WordsandExpressionstransmissionn.1.传送,传播传达;2.播送;3.传动装置,变速器;sequencen..先后次序,顺序,连续;pathn.路线,途径,路径,轨迹;setupn.(机械等操作前的)装配,调试,(材料等的)准备maintainvt.1维持,持续;2.保养,维修,维护integratevt.1.使结合成为整体2.使整合；综合；同化compensatevt.&不及物动词vi.补偿,弥补competitiveadj.竞争的,比赛的下一页上一页返回WordsandExpressionsincreasinglyadv.日益,越来越多地,不断增加地general-purposemachinetool普通机床machiningprocess加工过程computerdataprocessing计算机数据处理computeraideddesign(CAD)计算机辅助设计computeraidedmanufacturing(CAM)计算机辅助制造上一页返回Notes1.CNCmachinetoolsfindwideapplicationinmodernmanufacturingindustry.数控机床已越来越多的应用于现代制造业。findwideapplicationin广泛应用于……2.Themachiningprocessisperformedautomaticallysothattheoperatorisneededtosettools,load/unloadworkpiecesandchangetoolsatthebeginningofmachining.数控加工过程是按输入的程序自动完成的，操作者需起始对刀、装卸工件、更换刀具。下一页返回Notes3.Thenthemachinescanmanufacturecontinuouslyandautomaticallyuntilthemanufactureisfinished.机床能自动连续的进行加工，直至加工结束。注：句中注意until表示“直到……才”。要区别与not…until“直到……才”4.Laborintensityisreducedandthelaborofoperatorstendstointellectualwork.劳动强度极大降低，机床操作者的劳动趋于智力型工作。tendto趋于，引起5.OnCNCmachinetools,themachiningtimecanbeestimatedaccuratelyinadvance.数控机床的加工，可预先精确估计加工时间。inadvance表示“提前，预先”上一页返回Unit4CNCmachinetoolsTextWordsandExpressionsNoteTextNCisbeingusedalltypesofmachinetools,fromthesimplesttothemostcomplex.NCmachinetoolsweredevelopedonthebasisofgeneral-purposemachinetools.VarioustypesofNCmachinetoolsoriginatedfromthesametypesofgeneralpurposemachinetools.SinceNCmachinetoolshavebeendevelopedforoverfortyyears,theyhavemanyspecificationsandtypes，andtheirsstructureandfunctionshavetheirownfeatures.InordertounderstandNCmachinetools,weintroduceseveralmainCNCmachinetoolssimply.1.NCturningmachineThefollowingfigureshowstheappearanceofNCturningmachine.Itisoneofmostproductivemachinetools.ThebodyofNCturningmachineincludesaspindle,anapronandatoolpost.NCsystemconsistsofCRTdisplay,controlpanelandheavy-currentcontrolsystem.下一页返回Text2.NCmillingmachineFig4-2NCmillingmachineNCmillingmachinehasalwaysbeenoneofthemostversatilemachinesusedinindustry.Operationssuchasmilling,contouring,gearcutting,drilling,boring,andreamingareonlyafewofthemanyoperations.NCmillingmachineissuitableforprocessing3dcomplexcurvedsurface,findingwideapplicationinautomobile,aerospace,dieequipment.IntheworldthefirstNCmachinetoolcamefromNCmillingmachine.Butwiththedevelopmentoftimes,NCmillingmachinetendstomachiningcenter.Atpresent,becauseoflowprice,convenientandflexibleoperation,shorttimeforworkingpreparation,NCmillingmachineisstillwidelyinuse,classifiedasNCverticalmillingmachine,horizontalmillingmachineandNCcopyingmillingmachine.下一页上一页返回Text3.MachiningcenterMachiningcenterisaproductwhichNCmachinetoolsdevelopedtoacertainstage.Sofar,machiningcenterisn’tclearlydefined.NCboringandmillingmachineequippedwithautomatictoolchangerisgenerallyconsideredasmachiningcenter.Actually,machiningcenterissummedupinthephrase“withautomatictoolchanger,capableofmoreprocessesmachining.”Machiningcentercanperformmilling,boring,drilling,reamingandtapping,whicheliminatestheneedforanumberofindividualmachinetools.Thus,itreducescapitalequipmentandlaborrequirements.Machiningcentercanbedividedintoverticalmachiningcenter,horizontalmachiningcenter.Thespindleofverticalmachiningcenterisperpendicularandthespindleof下一页上一页返回Texthorizontalmachiningcenterishorizontal.Verticalmachiningcenterscontinuetobewidelyacceptedandused,primarilyforflatpartsandwherethree-axismachiningisrequiredonasinglepartfacesuchasmoldanddiework.Horizontalmachiningcentersarealsowidelyacceptedandused,particularlywithlarge,boxy,heavypartsandbecausetheylendthemselvestoeasyandaccessiblepalletshuttletransferwhenusedinacellorFMSapplication.Aworkpiececanbeputonarotatingtableorexchangingpalletbyusingafixture.Polyhedroncanbeproducedbythetablerotatingandtheexchangeofthepalletcanchangethemachiningworkpieceforimprovingthemachiningefficiency.下一页上一页返回Text4.NCdrillingmachineThefigure4-5showsNCdrillingmachine.ItcanbedividedintoverticalNCdrillingmachine,horizontalNCdrillingmachine.NCdrillingmachinecanperformdrillingandtapping,alsosimplemilling.Itstoolmagazinecanstorevarioustools.5.NCgrindingmachineNCgrindingmachinesareusedtomachinehighhardnessandprecisionmachiningsurface.ItisclassifiedasNCsurfacegrinder,NCinternalgrinderandNCprofilegrinder.Withthedevelopmentofautomaticgrindingwheelcompensation,correctionandgrindingfixedcycletechnology,thefunctionofNCgrindingmachineisstrongerandstronger.下一页上一页返回Text6.NCelectricaldischargeformingmachineEverymachinistknowsthatonstandardmachinetoolselectricalenergyisconvertedintomotionbyanelectricmotor.Nowadays,ithasbeendiscoveredthatelectricalenergycanbedirectlyemployedinmetalremoval.NCelectricaldischargeformingmachineisaspecialmachiningmethod,utilizingtwodifferentpolaritiesofelectrodetogeneratedischargeintheinsulatorforremovingmaterialandfinishingmachining.Ithasthespecialadvantageinmachiningcomplexdieanddifficult-to-machinematerials.下一页上一页返回Text7.NCwire-cutmachinetoolTheworkingprincipleofNCwire-cutmachinetoolisthesameastheprincipleofelectricaldischargeformingmachinetool.Itselectrodeiselectrodewireandprocessingliquidgenerallyusesdeionizedwater.上一页返回WordsandExpressionsmaterialn.1.材料,原料；2.素材,资料；originatevi.起源于,来自,产生；vt.创造,创始,开创;发明specificationn.1.规格,说明书,详细的计划书productiveadj.1.富有成效的,有益的;2.生产性的;paralleladj.平行的;n.平行线;vt.与…平行,与…相当;perpendicularadj.1.垂直的,成直角的;2.直立的;3.垂直式的appearancen.1.出现,显露;2.外观,外貌,外表;carriagen..刀架下一页返回WordsandExpressionsindexingn.标定指数aerospacen..航空航天工业;adj.宇宙空间的,宇宙航行的apindlen.主轴apronn.溜板contouringn.轮廓,造型automobilen.〈美〉汽车dien.1.(用于金属等材料加工的)模具;2.（集成电路的）芯片块模具reamingn.铰turningn.车削;旋转下一页上一页返回WordsandExpressionsmilling铣削drillingn.钻孔boringn.镗削tappingn.攻丝palletn.托盘,垫盘,托板utilizevt.利用,使用dischargevt.&vi.放出,流出electroden.电极 turningmachine车床 verticalmillingmachine立式铣床horizontalmillingmachine卧式铣床下一页上一页返回WordsandExpressionsmachiningcenter加工中心electricaldischargeformingmachine电火花成形机床grindingmachine磨床surfacegrinder平面磨床internalgrinder内圆磨床profilegrinder轮廓磨床 toolmagazine刀库wire-cutmachinetool线切割机床capitalequipment主要设备crossmotion横向运动gearcutting齿轮加工curvedsurface曲面上一页返回Notes1.Earlymachinetoolsweredesignedsothattheoperatorwasstandinginfrontofthemachinewhileoperatingthecontrols.老式机床是按操作者站立在机床前进行操作设计的。注：句中sothat引导的是结果状语从句。2.Withtheadditionofelectroniccontrols,actualtimespentremovingmetalhasincreasedto80percentandevenhigher.随着电控设备的加入，实际切削材料的时间已增至80%以上。withtheadditionof随着……的加入Withtheadditionofnewtechnology,thefunctionofmachinetoolsismoreandmore.下一页返回Notes3.Ithasalsoreducedtheamountoftimerequiredtobringthecuttingtoolintoeachmachiningposition.它缩短了将道具送入每个加工位置的时间。注：句中的requiredtobringthecuttingtoolintoeachmachiningposition是过去分词短语作后置定语，用来修饰theamountoftime。4.Itisoneofmostproductivemachinetools.它是最具有生产效率的机床之一。oneofthe+形容词最高级下一页上一页返回Notes5.CNCboringandmillingmachineequippedwithautomatictoolchangerisgenerallyconsideredasmachiningcenter.一般认为带有自动刀具交换装置的数控镗铣床，称为加工中心。注：句中equippedwithautomatictoolchanger是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰CNCboringandmillingmachine。beequippedwith配备有……6.ItisclassifiedasCNCsurfacegrinder,CNCinternalgrinderandCNCprofilegrinder.它被分为数控平面磨床、数控内圆磨床和数控轮廓铣床。beclassifiedas被分为……上一页返回Fig4-2NCmillingmachine返回Fig4-5NCdrillingmachine返回Unite5LatheTextWordsandExpressionsNoteTextMachinetoolsaremachinesforcuttingmetals.Themostimportantmachinetoolsusedinindustryarelathes,drillingmachines,andmillingmachines.Thelatheisoriginallyusedto“turn”woodintosectionsobjectssuchaschairlegs,bowls,anddoorknobsandsoforth.Theworkisrevolvedathighspeedsagainstthecuttingedgesofvariouswoodturningtoolsorchisels.Thebasicfunctionofalllathesisthesame,althoughvariousmodelsdifferinspeedandsize.下一页返回TextThelatheisamachinetoolforcuttingmetalfromthesurfaceofcylindricalworkfastenedbetweenthetwolathecentersandturningaroundtheaxis.Inturningaworkacuttermovesinthedirectionparalleltotheaxisofrotationofworkoratanangletothisaxis,cuttingoffthemetalfromthesurfaceofthework.Thismovementofthecutteriscalledthefeed.Thecutterisclampedinthetoolpostmountedonthecarriage.Thecarriageisthemechanismfeedingthecutterinneededdirection.Thelathemayfeedthecutterbyhandormayitfedautomaticallybyme