高中英语三年核心必背考点

高中英语三年核心必背考点一、语法核心速记（占分大头）1）五大基本句型主谓/主谓宾/主谓双宾/主谓宾补/主系表。长难句先找主干，再把从句、介词短语“括起来”看。2）时态与语态常考：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、被动语态标志词：since/for/sofar→现在完成；by/before+过去时间→过去完成；now→进行；tomorrow/next→将来被动：be+done；短语动词被动保留介词（lookafter→belookedafter）；感官使役被动补to（see→beseentodo）特殊主动表被动：needdoing=needtobedone；worthdoing；sell/read/write等常按语境处理3）非谓语动词（最易丢分）todo：目的、将来、未做（作主语/宾语/定语/状语/宾补）doing：主动、进行、已做/常态（作主语/宾语/定语/状语）done：被动、完成（作定语/状语/宾补）只接doing高频：mind/avoid/finish/enjoy/practise/consider/suggest/advise/deny/risk/admit/delay/escape/imagine/keep/stand/miss+介词to（lookforwardto/devoteto/stickto/beusedto）只接todo高频：decide/hope/plan/refuse/offer/agree/manage/pretend/promise/appear/seem接do省略to：make/let/have；感官see/hear/watch（被动要补to）4）三大从句定语：人who/whom/whose，物which/whose，通用that；时间when，地点where，原因why；非限制性用which不用that；介词后which/whom；序数词/最高级/不定代词(all/much/nothing)优先that名词性（主/宾/表/同位）：that不充当成分；what充当主宾表“所…的事”；whether可放句首/介词后，if一般只作宾语；从句用陈述语序状语：when/while/as时间；because/since/as原因；if/unless条件；though/although/evenif让步（不与but连用）；sothat目的/结果；so…that/such…that5）虚拟语气if反事实：现在did/were→woulddo；过去haddone→wouldhavedone；将来shoulddo/weretodo→woulddo；混合虚拟看时间建议要求命令类后接(should)do：suggest/advise/recommend/demand/require/request/order/insist/ask/proposewish/wouldrather/asif：按“与现在/过去/将来相反”变Itishightime(that)did/shoulddo6）特殊句式与主谓一致倒装：否定词Never/Hardly/Seldom/Notonly开头部分倒装；Only+状语开头倒装；So/Neither/Nor“也”倒装；地点状语全倒装（There/Here/Out…）；虚拟省if用Had/Were/Should提前强调：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who；删掉强调框句子仍完整一致：thenumberof单数，anumberof复数；each/every…and…单数；notonly…butalso/neither…nor/or就近；集合名词family/team看整体/成员；分数/百分数看of后名词7）词法小点冠词：泛指a/an、特指the、零冠词（三餐/球类/学科/语言多数情况）；固定搭配inthemorning/atschool/bybus等代词：it/one/that替代区别；反身myself等；不定something/anything/none/all/neither形副转换：形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动/形/句；-ly不一定都是副词（friendly/lovely是形容词）；比较级more/er，最高级most/est，倍数“times+as…as/比…”词性转换后缀：-tion/-ment/-ance名词；-ize/-ify/-en动词；-ful/-al/-ive/-ous形容词；-ly副词（语法填空常考）二、高频短语与写作替换（完形/填空/作文通用）动词短语（完形/语法填空高频）take：takeup占据/从事、takeover接管、takeon承担、takeoff起飞/成功、takein吸收/理解put：putoff推迟、putforward提出、putup张贴/留宿、putupwith忍受turn：turndown拒绝、turnup出现、turnout结果是、turnto求助于break：breakdown出故障/崩溃、breakup解散/分手、breakout爆发、breakthrough突破come：comeacross偶遇、comeupwith想出、comeabout发生、cometo达到/恢复give/get/make：giveup/in/out；getover克服、getthrough通过/熬过；makeadifference、makeuseof、makeup编造/组成/弥补万能写作词组playanimportant/vitalrolein；beofgreatsignificance/value；contributeto；takeeffectivemeasures/stepsto；attachgreatimportanceto；raiseawarenessof；makefulluseof；sparenoeffortto；becommitted/devotedto；benefitfrom；haveapositive/negativeeffecton；makesteady/academicprogress；strengthencommunicationandfriendship；layasolidfoundation低级词升级（作文替换）good→excellent/outstanding/beneficialimportant→vital/crucial/significant/essentialthink→holdtheviewthat/maintain/argue/beconvincedthatvery→extremely/considerablymany→avarietyof/anincreasingnumberof/abundantsolve→address/tackle/resolvehappy→delighted/content；sad→upset/depressed；show→demonstrate/reflect衔接词递进：what’smore/furthermore/moreover/inaddition转折：however/nevertheless/instead/onthecontrary因果：therefore/thus/asaresult/owingto/dueto总结：inconclusion/inshort/allinall/tosumup顺序：firstofall/tobeginwith/besides/finally/lastbutnotleast三、各题型抢分技巧阅读：先题后文；细节题定位原句找同义替换，不自行推理；主旨看首段尾段+高频词；推断不选原文原句、不选all/never/only绝对项；猜词看并列/转折/后缀。完形：先通读定情感基调（多为成长/温情/励志）；看复现词、固定搭配、逻辑词but/so/although；动词看主宾搭配，形容词看情感，副词看语气。七选五：看段首主旨、段尾总结；代词this/they/it、指示词such、逻辑词however/therefore；空前后找同义复现。语法填空：有提示词→时态语态/非谓语/词性转换/单复数；无提示词→冠词/介词/连词/代词/引导词。给动词先判是否谓语：时态？被动？若已有谓语，再选todo/doing/done。短文改错：按“动名形副冠介代连一致”扫：时态、主谓、非谓语、单复数、a/an/the、固定介词、形容词副词语序、连词逻辑。听力：抓but/however/so后信息；数字时间先记再算；态度词satisfied/worried/supportive/doubtful/neutral。四、写作模板（应用文+读后续写）应用文通用结构开头：Iamwritingtotellyou…/Iamhonoredto…/Nowadays…hasarousedwideconcern.中间分点：Firstofall…Besides…What’smore…Mostimportantly…结尾：Iwouldappreciateitifyou…/Lookingforwardtoyourreply./Everyoneofyouisexpectedtotakepart.建议信：Iamsorrytolearn…Herearemysuggestions.Tobeginwith…Inaddition…Ihopetheseproposalshelp.邀请信：Iamwritingtoinviteyouto…Scheduledfor…,itwillinclude…Yourpresencewillbehighlyappreciated.感谢信：Iamwritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudefor…Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thave…通知：Notice—Allstudentsarerequiredto…Itwillbeheldat…Pleasebepunctual.演讲稿：Honorablejudgesandfellowstudents,Ifeelprivilegedtodeliveraspeechon…高分句型（混用不堆砌）Thereisnodoubt/denyingthat…Itiswidely/generallyacknowledgedthat…Whatmattersmostisthat…Onlyinthiswaycanwe…Notonlycanitenrichourknowledgebutitcanalsobroadenourhorizons.Sosignificantis…that…Thereasonwhy…isthat…读后续写思路（新高考）按“衔接段首→心理/环境→动作1→对话/独白→动作2→解决→点题”写；多用工整非谓语、描写性从句、感官细节。情感词：relieved/overwhelmed/excited/anxious/guilty；动作词：whisper/stumble/embra