国内高空作业机械行业现状及发展方向外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录PresentsituationofaccessworkingvehiclesindustryanditsdevelopmentstratageminChinaOurworkinthemachineryproductioninthelate1970s,rapiddevelopment,startedthecurrentproductionmanagemententerprisewithseveralrapidlyincreasedtoover40,andforeignjointventuresorcooperativeenterpriseshavefiveproduction.Accordingto2004and2005《theChinesemechanicalengineeringyearbook》，2003annualaloftworkingmachineryindustrialoutputfor32139millionyuan,theproductionofvariouskindsofaerialworkplatform1906,aerialworkplatformcar7.4,In2004,aloftworkingmachineryindustrialoutputfor36340millionyuan,theproductionofvariouskindsofaerialworkplatform2500,car800sets.Inrecentyears,throughseveralbackboneenterpriseindustrytechnicaltransformation,theproductionscaleexpandsunceasingly,formedtherespectivecharacteristicsoftheproductscanmeetthedomesticmarket#aerialworkmachineryneed,itsmaineconomicindexofenterpriseeconomicbenefitsarerisinggradually,increasing.1Aloftworkingmachineryindustrydevelopmentpresentsituation1.1ToimproveproductperformanceOuraloftworkingmachineryindustrybackboneenterprisesofsomeusetheirequipmentandtechnologyadvantages,throughthestudy,theintroductionanddigestitsowntechnologyandequipment,throughthestudy,introduceadvancedforeigntechnologyanddevelopedmanynewproducts,theproductsofthetechnicallevelandproductqualityisimproving,andclosetotheinternationalsimilarproductlevel#promotedaloftworkingmachineryindustryinthedomesticmarketandtechnologicalprogressincompetitiveandmarketdemand,theyieldincreasedrapidly.IfBeijinghoistingmachinefactorydevelopedself-travelingshearforkplatform,thespidertypefoldingboomplatform,aluminummastsectionofthebox.Oneboxtypealuminummastsectionofthelargestsinglemastoperationplatformwillreachtheheightof16.5m,Hangzhouandengineeringmachine'smoremast22mreachedalloyplatform,hangzhouaichiengineeringvehiclesCo.,LTDdevelopfullhydraulicdrivingtypeself-travelingaerialworkplatform,themaximumheightof26.7mhomework.Theaboveproductsfilltheblank,domesticproductshavereachedtheinternationaladvancedlevel.Inaddition,inthecarfactoryproducts,fushuncrane,jinzhouheavymachineryCo.,LTD,xuzhouconstructionmachinerygroupandchongqingdajiangindustrial(group)Co.,LTDhasdevelopedover30aloftwork,brokenfireonlydependingontheimportedproductsofdomesticsituationoftheweak.1.2ProductcategoryandquantityincreasingOurworkwiththemechanicalproductdemandofnationaleconomyandthedevelopmentofurbanconstructionincreasedyearbyyear,allkindsofnewproductsincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.IfBeijinghoistingmachinefactoryinjustafewshortyearstimesuccessivelydevelopedcarscissorplatform,shearforkself-travelingplatform,foldingboomtypeplatform,singlemastaluminumalloyplatformanddoublemastsectionaluminumboxplatform,aluminummastplatform,manualmastplatformfornearly10varietiesofproductstomorethan30specifications.Hangzhou's"engineeringmachinedevelopedinrecentyearshassinglemastaluminumalloyplatform,mastplatformandaluminummastplatform,aluminummastcompleted10mplatformand12m14m16m18m,,,,andsevenkindsofspecifications22mweredeveloped.HangzhouaichiengineeringvehiclesCo.,LTDhasdevelopedtheself-travelinghydraulicdriveaerialworkplatformfordomesticshippingbuilding,building,airportandminingenterpriseofinstallationandmaintenance,providesthenewproject.PuYuangroupCo.,LTD.Hasdeveloped12m16m,30,and20m25m,carandQKH8-19-8liftingandcar.JinzhouheavymachineryCo.,LTD.Inrecentyearshascompleted22m,highaltitude32m50m,bigJiuYuanChefire,xuzhouheavymachineryfinishedhighaltitudeJiuYuanChe67mbigfire[19].2Aloftworkingmachineryindustryproblems（1）PartofenterprisetechnologyinnovationabilityispoorPartoftheenterprisevalueproductupdateandnewproductdevelopment,productdecadesofconsistent,specifications,singlemarketbusinessenterpriseproductyield,narrowrangedeclinedyearbyyear,industrybenefits.Inrecentyears,theworkofmechanicalproductsintothedomestic,suchasFinland,theUnitedStatesJLG,Brontocompanyiswell-establishedandGenin,UpSkyjackSnorkel,suchasBritain,Italy,Denmark,somefamouscompaniesinChinaweresuccessivelyestablishedoffices,andinthelargeandspecialproductsofhighproductmaindomesticmarkets,stillholdssuchasaerialinsulationcar,spiderstypehighoperationplatform,self-travelingaerialworkplatform,etc.Theseimportedproductsperformanceisgood,beautifulappearance,priceanddomesticproducts,strongcompetitiveness.(2)Mostoftheenterprisewithindependentproduction,Specializedproductioncraftlevelisverylow,backward,lowlaborproductivity.Asmallcompanies,smallmillproductionenterprises,suchasaerialworkmachineryinjiangsu,guangdong,aregionhavedozensofsmallbusinessenterprise,theproductyieldless,poorquality,lowprice,severeshockandaffectthenormalmarketsales.3Aloftworkingmachineryindustrydevelopmentdirection3.1IncreasetheenterprisetechnologicalinnovationAloftworkingindustryasanewindustry,urbanconstructiontoadjustthestructureofproducts.Tograspthepowersupplywithaloftworkingmechanicalproducts,constructionmachineryandchargedupself-travelinginsulatingaerialworkmechanicalproductdevelopment,indoorlightworkplatformand25mabovefirerescuecardevelopmentandapplication.Thegeneraldevelopmenttrendistoexpandthescopeofhomeworkassignmentsmachineryalofttosatisfydifferentneedsofassignment,Toensurethesafeuseofpersonnelhomework,Improvecontrolandperformance.Aerialworkplatformproductsindomesticmostprevioushandthrust,bigvolumeweight,quality,changeisverydifficult,andtoworksiteusersandinconvenienceonproductdevelopedcountrieshaveupdated.Therefore,thedevelopmentoflightalloyplatformandself-travelingplatformabroadprospectinrecentyears,thedevelopmentfromdomesticsalesalloyplatformtoalsoprovedthispoint.Priorityshouldbecontrolledmechanicalaloftworksafetyandprotectiontechnology,indoorandoutdoorlightworkplatformandoperationplatformandbighomeworkself-travelingamplitudeplatformandnew-typemulti-functionalcarresearchanddevelopment.3.2DevelopspecialengineeringvehiclechassisToimproveourcartechnologylevel,mustsolveengineeringproblemsvehiclechassis.Chinanowistoimprovetheoveralllevelofautomobileindustry,collectivizeway,andactivelyintroducescaleofforeigncapitalandtechnology,butalsotolightchassis.Carmanufacturersshouldbebasedonthecaraccordingtothespecificrequirements,specificallydesignedlight,mediumandheavytruckchassisforcarmodified.3.3ExtendeduseoftheproductfunctionandpurposeOurhighmechanicalusescopeisnarrow,theuseofmainstreetlamp,roadtraffic,havegardendepartment,thedomesticmanufacturermostlyconcentratedinthesubwaystation,user,stores,factories,power,andotherdepartments,itsmarketstreetisfarfromminingandcultivation.Aloftworkingmachineryinthepromisingelectricity,telecommunicationsandcableTVsystemusingless,investigateitsreasonisthedomesticproducttechnicalperformanceandparameterscancompletelymeettherequirementofthreesystemsusedinproductusageandfunction,alsoshouldbeupdated.Ifbeusedinaerialworkmechanicalconstructiontosubstitutesomescaffoldconstruction,buildingexteriorsurfacedecoration,cleaningandmaintenance,etc.Butfromtheproductofadaptability,technicalperformanceonbreakthrough[20].Withthedevelopmentofournationaleconomy,powerofindustrialandagriculturalproductionandpeople'slife,thecountryhasinestimablelossbeginstoimplementtheelectricitylawofthepowersupplyreliabilityrequirements,moreandmorehigh,thefirst-classenterpriseinpowersystemofpowersupplyreliabilityrequirementactivities,sohowtoachieve99.9%powermaintenance-doesn'tsolvetheproblemwithsomehomeworkhasbeenveryprominent.Thisnewcartobreaktheroutinework,thepattern,theplanetousingnon-metallicarmhighinsulationmaterials,workfortheoperationofthecontrolmeasuresofgeneralelectric,andnotevenlift,withliquidcontrolability,andhavemorereliablesafetyandstability,fine-tuning.TelecomandcableTVsystemusedcarrequirement,canwalkstreet,flexible,convenientoperation,wearlaneridecomfort.Thisrequiresdesignofadvancedautomobilechassis,smallpoweroutputandsolveproblems.Particularattentionshouldbepaidtothecar,newproductdevelopmentcanlimitoncar,shouldconsideritisakindofengineeringmachinery,inordertoadapttotheneedofuserasthepremise,walkingstylecanuseelectricself-travelinghydrauliccontrol,tires,self-travelingself-traveling,caterpillarself-travelingetc.Ourshipindustrytotireself-travelinghydrauliccontrolofthecarindustry,buildingagreatdemandforproductswillproduceself-travelingcrawlerdemand,interiordecoration,cleaningindustryneedsmotorcarself-traveling.Withthehighwayandbridge,graduallyappeartohavenegativelow-altitudehomeworkpropertiesofcar,inordertosolvetheproblemoftheroadviaduct,thiskindofspecialcarinabroad,butinChinaalreadyhasjustbegun.国内高空作业机械行业现状及发展方向我国高空作业机械的生产于20世纪70年代末开始起步，发展较快，目前生产经营企业已由原来的几家迅速增加到40余家，其中与国外合资或合作生产的企业有5家。根据2004年和2005年《中国工程机械年鉴》，2003年年高空作业机械工业总产值为32139万元，生产各类高空作业平台1906台，高空作业车740台；2004年高空作业机械工业总产值为36340万元，生产各类高空作业平台2500台，高空作业车800台。行业几个骨干企业通过近几年的技术改造，其生产规模不断扩大，形成了各自特色的产品系列#基本能满足国内市场高空作业机械的需要，企业的各项主要经济指标逐步上升，经济效益也逐年提高。1高空作业机械行业的发展现状1.1产品性能提高我国高空作业机械行业的一些骨干企业利用自己的技术和设备优势，通过学习、引进和消化自己的技术和设备优势，通过学习、引进和消化国外先进技术开发了许多新产品，其产品的技术水平和产品质量都不断提高，达到和接近了国际同类产品的水平#推动了高空作业机械行业的技术进步，在国内市场中竞争力强、市场销路好，产量增加较快。如北京起重机器厂开发了自行式剪叉平台、蜘蛛式折臂平台、箱型截面铝合金桅柱平台。其中箱型截面铝合金桅柱平台单桅柱最大作业高度达到了16.5m；杭州赛奇工程机械厂多桅柱铝合金平台达到了22m，杭州爱知工程车辆有限公司开发的全液压驱动型自行式高空作业平台，最大作业高度可达26.7m。以上产品填补了国内产品空白，达到了国际先进水平。此外，在高空作业车产品方面，抚顺起重机总厂、锦州重型机械股份有限公司、徐州工程机械集团以及重庆大江工业（集团）有限公司等先后开发了30m以上的高空消防作业车，彻底打破了国内只能依赖进口产品的薄弱局面。1.2产品种类和数量不断增加我国高空作业机械产品的需求量随着国民经济和城市建设的发展逐年增加，各种规格的新产品近几年增加较快。如北京起重机器厂在短短几年时间先后开发了车载剪叉式平台、剪叉自行式平台、折臂式平台、单桅柱铝合金平台和双桅柱铝合金平台、箱型截面铝合金桅柱平台、手动铝合金桅柱平台等近10个品种30多个规格的产品。杭州赛奇工程机械厂近几年先后开发了单桅柱铝合金平台、桅柱铝合金平台及多桅柱铝合金平台，其中多桅柱铝合金平台完成了10m、12m、14m、16m、18m、20m、22m共7种规格的研制。杭州爱知工程车辆有限公司开发了全液压驱动的自行式高空作业平台，为国内船舶修造、建筑、机场及工矿企业的安装检修工程等提供了新的品种。浦沅集团有限公司开发了12m、16m、20m、25m、30m高空作业车和QKH8-19-8起重及高空作业车。锦州重型机械股份有限公司近年也完成了22m、32m、50m大高度高空消防救援车的研制，徐州重型机械厂完成了67m大高度高空消防救援车的研制。2高空作业机械行业存在的问题（1）部分企业技术创新能力较差部分企业不重视产品的更新和新产品的开发，产品几十年一贯制，种规格单一、市场经营范围窄，企业产品产量逐年下降，业效益差。近几年，外高空作业机械产品纷纷进入国内，如芬兰的Bronto公司、美国JLG、Genin、Up-right、Snorkel、Skyjack等公司以及英国、意大利、丹麦的一些著名公司在国内都相继设立了办事机构，而且在大高度产品和特殊产品中仍然占有国内主要市场，如高空绝缘作业车、蜘蛛式大高度作业平台、自行式高空作业平台等。这些进口产品性能好、外观美，价格与国内产品相差不多，具有很强的竞争力。（2）专业化生产水平低的小作坊式企业较多国内大部分企业以自主生产为主，专业化生产水平很低，工艺落后、劳动生产率低。一些小公司、小作坊式企业纷纷生产高空作业机械，如在江苏、广东等地，一个地区就有数十家企业，这些小企业的产品产量少、质量差、价格低，严重冲击和影响着正常的市场销售。3、高空作业机械行业的发展方向3.1加大企业的技术创新力度高空作业行业作为城市建设的新型产业，必须调整产品结构。要抓好供电用高空