变速器油温的控制外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

附录ATransmissionoiltemperaturecontrolForpeoplewhobuythecar,reliabilityandfuelefficiencyisthesecondoftwoimportantpriceconsiderations.Nodoubt,forthenewownerisconcerned,themostterrifyingthingonthewaytoremovecar.Inaddition,ownerandexpectthecarcantrytodurable.Meanwhile,duetocurrentglobalfuelpriceshaverisentomakeownerspaymoreattention。thefuelefficiency,andhopetotrytoreducecarbonemissions.Autopowertransmissionsystemincludesaninternalcombustionengine,transmissionandmorethanagearthanwheels.Enginetorqueandspeedwillbeneededfortherailwaytractionpowerandcarinthetransmissionofconversion.Inaddition,thetransmissioncanalsocontrolwheelrotationdirection.Manualandautomatictransmissionspeedgenerallyfallintotwo.Automatictransmissioncanautomaticallycontrolfrictionunit,selectionofgearratiosandshift.Automatictransmissionwilladopthydraulicoiltoachievelubricationandfrozeneffect,hydraulicoilisaveryspecialliquid,canbeinanysevereconditionsoperation.Automatictransmissionoil(themainfunctionofATF)fromthemotivationfor:transferredenginetorqueconverterpowertransmissiondevice;Absorbthetorqueconverterproducesthermalandmovedtothefrontofafrozendevice;carAsclutchfrictionofthecoolestrefrigerants,itcanabsorbandbyclutchortakeoutmeshingtheheatenergyproduced;Throughacomplexhydrauliccontrolsystem,theliquidpressuretransmissiontothesystemUSESvalve,servomachines,pump,clutchalwayspump,hydraulicpipeandpipetocontrol;Asaplanetarygears,bearings,servomachines,clutchandtargetgroup-exactmarketingoflubricantandcoolant.Automatictransmissionoilinoperatingtemperature(about90°C/°F)viscosity195isgeneralverylow.Butiftheoiltemperatureistoolow(forexampleis0°C/30°Fbelow),itsviscositywillgreatlyincreased,leadtoaveryhighdragtorque(dragtorque).Asaresult,gearmeshing,itcancauseiscommonlysynchronousdevicesofthiscouldn'tcopewithhightorqueforce.Ifgearcan'tmeshorshift,carwillnotstart.Forthisreason,"coldstart"programwillrespondtotheoiltemperatureandactivated,toensurethatatleastonegearcansucceedmesh.Warmcardrivingcarstartedafterprocesswhen,unlessrequiredbyobviousaccelerationordraggedheavyobjects(suchastrailer),otherwisethehydraulicoiltemperaturewillonlyslowlyrising,butitalsomeansdragtorquewillslowlyrising.Ifthecarischronicallyhighdragtorqueenvironment,synchronousdeviceswilloverloadanddamaged.Ingearboxtoaddsomeloss,willshiftsomemovedtohigherspeedvalveandimprovethequalityofthegearboxlubricant,theseallcanacceleratetheprocessofcarwarmup.Thus,engine,gearboxandcatalystcanbequicklyreachbestoperationtemperature.Thefastertransmissionistheoptimumoperatingtemperature,canbeusedtosavefuelconsumptionandfasterstartthegearshiftprogram.Gearshiftingpartthroughhydraulicorelectronicisstartingvalvetocontrol,theseshiftingunitstart-upwillsignificantlybytheinfluenceofthetemperatureofautomatictransmissionoil,reasoniswiththetemperatureandtheviscositywillrisesignificantly,sothetemperaturecaninfluencethedegreeofpressureandtimecharacteristics.Oncetheautomatictransmissionoilgetshot,itstemperaturevariationofamplitudewillincrease,sotheshiftwhenthesetstandardoil,mustconsidertheproblemsabouttheoiltemperature.Underhightemperatureoperation,nodoubt,automatictransmissionoilveryvulnerabletotheinfluenceofthetemperatureofcryogenic,butcomparedtothereactionofthereactiontemperature,themuchmore.Theprocessofautomatictransmissionwillproducealotoffriction,andthesewillgeneratealotoffrictionheat.Liquidwillconstantlystirintorqueconverterandpumpinthemouthandcurrentmetersofhydrauliccircuits.Whenevervariablespeedshift,clutchcomponentswillproducemorethanboxofoilcantaketheheat.Thetransmission,thegreatertheloadoftheheatgeneratedbythen,boxofoilwillbecomemoreheat.Generaltraditionaltransmissionoiltemperaturecanallowmaximumtemperaturefor80to100°Cor175°F,andto212specialtransmissionoiltemperaturecanbeashighas110℃to130°For230to265.However,nowadaysadvancedautomobiletransmissionoiltemperaturecouldbeashighas120to150℃or250to300°F,andforheavytrucksforexampleis18roundsoffreighttrains,ifitinhotweather,theoiltemperatureunderdrivingevento170°C160°For320to340.Suchahighoiltemperaturecancauseboxofoilandvariablespeedcomponentdamage.Transmissionoilworkinglife,inthehightemperatureenvironment,theworkinglifeofthetransmissionoilcanbereduced.Oncethetemperatureabovenormaloperationlevel(90°C/195°Fabove),lubricantsoxidationspeedwillincrease,sotheeffectivelifebeshortened.Basedonthelaw娒designated,whenthetemperatureabovenormaloperationtemperature。12°C/20°F,boxofoilexpectedworkinglifewillbehalved.Worksurfacewear,inadditiontotheoutside,theinfluenceofhightemperaturewillalsoworkonthesurfaceofthetransmissionactivitiescomponentsthreat.Reasonisthatwhenthetemperaturemoreandmorehigh,wastakenfromthefrictionarea,sothethermalandlesschanceofgearstuckwillsoar.Whenthetemperaturerosemorethan175°C/350°F,thesteelandironthehardnesswilldecline.Ifweconsidergearandclutchworkingsurfacetemperatureisusuallyhigherthantheoiltemperature,wemayexpectgearwithoiltemperaturethehardnessoffallen,eveniftheoiltemperaturebelow175°C/350°F.Rubbersealandpipeline,rubbersealandcoolantpipelineextremelysensitivetohighoiltemperature.Whentherubbersealinhightemperaturewouldhardenandbecomefragile,causeitsworkinglifeandreliabilitydrastically.Whencarscan'tinstallawiredcoolantpipes,wemustadoptthePA12plastic(amide12ornylon12)madeofcoolantpipeline,thispipelinewilltorquedevicecirculationoutputportandcoolantconnection.Inhightemperature(°C/350than175°F)environment,plasticfrozenpipemaybucklingthatboxofoiltohighandmakecoolantfailure.ECUoverheat,theelectroniccontrolunit(ECU)jobistomonitorandcontroltheoperationofautomatictransmissionsystem.Insomecases,ECUwillbeplacedinthegearboxenclosuretotrytousegearboxexistingspace,thismeanscontrolunitwillbeautomatictransmissionoilwithdirectcontactmaintainedforalongtime.ThisconfigurationadvantagesincludingcansendalinkECU,sensorsandstarterofwiringtrytoshorten;Reducethenumberofplugandconnectors;Reducethenoiseandmakebetweencircuitshiftpositiondetectionmoreaccurate.Ifthetransmissionenvironmentandcoolanttemperatureisexorbitant,automobile'spowerandcontrolelectronicswillnottooperateproperlysothatitslifeshortenandappeardamaged.Therefore,thetransmissionsystemofoverheatingsituationtodetectandproperevenpredictproducedmeasurestoreduceheatand/orimproveoverheating.Forsomeextremecases,thesystemmustmoreaccuratelymeasuringtemperatureandthesensitiveelectroniccomponentsclosetopreventcontrolelectronicsweredestroyed.Conclusion,inordertoovercomethesupervisoryautomatictransmissionchallenge,thetemperatureofLM71nationalsemiconductor'sspecialoptimizedforhightemperatureapplication,launchedLM71A1.LM71A1isaqualifiedSPIinterfacedigitaltemperaturesensor,itswideworkingtemperaturerange(40°C°Corto+175°F40to350),makethetemperaturemonitoringcanatthesametimeincoldstartandoverheating.Thisdeviceistoprovide,andensureLuoPianformwithfastertowarmtemperatureresponsethuscarprocesshasbettercontrol.However,itisthebiggestcharacteristicisavailableinhightemperature(130°Corto150°F)165to300°andhighresolution(LSB)0.03125underC/toextremelyhighaccuracy,inordertoundertheenvironmentofhightemperatureinextremelyaccuratelysensortemperature.Inordertomaintaintheboxofoilinnormaloperationscope,andproperlycontrolvalveandshifttimeandpreventpartofdegradationanddamage,fastaccuratetemperaturedetectionandindispensable.So,canobtainhigherfuelefficiencyandenhancethesystemreliability.LM71A1canhelpdesignersdesignantiserumstotransmissionelectroniccontrolunitofhigh-performancethermalmanagementsystem.变速器油温的控制对于购买汽车的人来说，可靠性及燃油效益是仅次于价格的两项重要考量因素。毫无疑问，对于新车主而言，最可怕的事情莫过于汽车在途中熄火。此外，车主也期望汽车能尽量经久耐用。与此同时，由于目前全球燃油价格不断上升，以使车主更加关注燃油效率，并希望能尽量减低二氧化碳的排放量。汽车的动力传动系统包括有一个内燃机、一个多齿轮比变速器及车轮。发动机转矩及速度会因汽车所需的牵引动力而在变速器中进行转换。此外，汽车的变速器还可控制车轮的转动方向。变速器一般分为手动及自动变速两种。自动变速可自动控制磨擦单元、齿轮比的选择及换档。自动变速会采用液压油来达到润滑及冷冻的效果，液压油是一种非常特别的液体，可在任何恶劣的环境下运行。自动变速箱油(ATF)的主要功能为：把动力从发动机变矩器传送到动力传动装置;吸收由变矩器产生的热力并转移到汽车前端的冷冻装置;作为离合器磨擦的冷冻剂，它可吸收及散发由离合器或带啮合所产生的热能;通过一个复杂的液压控制系统把液体压力传送开去，该系统采用汽门、伺服机、泵、离合器总泵、液压管路及管道来进行控制;作为行星齿轮、轴承、伺服机、离合器和轴衬的润滑剂及冷冻剂。

自动变速箱油于工作温度下(约90°C/195°F)的黏度一般都非常低。可是假如油温太低时(例如是0°C/30°F以下)，其粘度便会大幅增加，导致产生非常高的曳力矩。结果，齿轮便难以啮合，原因是当中的同步器件一般都不能应付这般高的转矩力。假如齿轮不能啮合或换档，汽车便不能开动。基于这个原因，“冷起动”程序会因应油温而被激活，以确保至少有一个齿轮能够成功啮合。暖车过程当汽车开始行驶后，除非需要明显加速或拖拉笨重的物体(例如是拖车)，否则液压油温只会慢慢地上升，而这也意味着曳力矩也会缓慢地上升。假如汽车长期处于高曳力矩的环境，同步器件便会超载并且受损。在齿轮箱加入一些损耗、将换档点移到较高的转速汽门及提高齿轮箱润滑油的质量，这些均可加快暖车的过程。由此，发动机、齿轮箱及催化剂便可更快地达到最佳的运作温度。变速器越快达到最优的工作温度，便可越快启动用于节省耗油量的齿轮换档程序。齿轮的换档组成部份是经由液压或电子起动汽门来控制，这些换档单元的起动会显著地受到温度的影响，原因是自动变速箱油的粘度会随着温度而显著地上升，因此温度可以影响施加压力的程度及时间特性。一旦自动变速箱油变热，其温度变化的幅度便会增大，因此当设定标准的换档油压时，必须考虑有关油温的问题。在高温下运行，毫无疑问，自动变速箱油很容易受到温度的影响，但相比对低温的反应，其对高温的反应要大得多。自动变速的过程会产生很多的磨擦，而这些磨擦会产生很多热力。液体会不断在变矩器中搅动并且被泵过测流口和液压电路。每当变速换档时，离合器组件会产生出超乎箱油所能带走的热力。变速器的负载越大，所产生的热力便越大，而箱油也会变得更热。一般的传统变速箱油温所能允许的最高温度为80到100°C或175到212°F，而特制的变速箱油温则可高达110到130℃或230到265°F。然而，现如今先进的汽车的变速箱油温可能高达120到150℃或250到300°F，而对于重型货车例如是18轮的货运列车来说，假如在炎热天气下行驶，其油温甚至可高达160到170°C或320到340°F。如此高的油温会导致箱油及变速组件受损。变速箱油的工作寿命，在高温的环境下，变速箱油的工作寿命会被缩短。一旦温度超出正常运作