高三英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册UNIT 1 SOIENCE AND SCIENTISTS学案

注表示该词的熟词生义。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.choleran. 霍乱2.diarrhoean. 腹泻3.dehydrationn. 脱水4.germn. 微生物；细菌；病菌5.pumpn. 泵；抽水机；打气筒6.waterpump 水泵7.householdn. 一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人8.statisticn.[pl.-s] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学9.epidemiologyn. 流行病学10.microscopen. 显微镜11.proteinn. 蛋白质12.celln. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房；电池13.virusn. 病毒14.vaccinen. 疫苗15.frameworkn. 框架；结构16.theoreticalframework 理论框架17.rainbown. 彩虹18.plasman. 血浆19.aerospacen. 航空航天工业20.patrioticadj. 爱国的21.mechanicaladj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的22.mechanicn. 机械师；机械修理工23.aviationn. 航空制造业；航空；飞行24.jetn. 喷气式飞机25.missilen. 导弹26.telescopen. 望远镜Ⅱ.核心单词1.severeadj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2.contradictoryadj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的3.suspectvt.&vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4.blamevt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n. 责备；指责5.handlen. 把手；拉手；柄 vt. 处理；(用手)触、碰、拿；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6.linkn. 联系；纽带vt. 把……连接起来；相关联7.rawadj. 未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的8.substantialadj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的9.decreasen. 减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi. (使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低10.thinkingn. 思想；思维；见解11.findingn. 发现；调查结果；(法律)判决12.initialadj. 最初的；开始的；第一的13.solidadj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的n. 固体14.castvt.(cast，cast) 投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷15.shadown. 阴影；影子；背光处16.pourvt. 倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)17.concreten. 混凝土adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的18.leadershipn. 领导；领导地位；领导才能19.tracevt. 追溯；追踪；查出n. 痕迹；遗迹；踪迹20.outstandingadj. 优秀的；杰出的；明显的21.abstractadj. 抽象的；理论上的n. (文献等的)摘要22.conceptn. 概念；观念23.besidesprep. 除……之外(还)adv. 而且；此外24.brilliantadj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的25.furthermoreadv. 此外；再者26.shiftn. 改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt. 转移；挪动；转向27.vividadj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的Ⅲ.拓展单词1.frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustratevt.使懊恼；使沮丧→frustrationn.沮丧；懊恼；挫败2.infectionn.感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染→infectiousadj.感染的；传染的3.proofn.证据；证明；检验→provevt.证明linkv.证明是4.multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiplyvi.&vt.乘；成倍增加；繁殖5.interventionn.介入；出面；干涉→intervenevi.干扰；介入6.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen.防御；保卫；保护7.assistantn.助理；助手→assistvt.&vi.帮助；协助→assistancen.帮助；协助；援助8.giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn.礼物；天赋9.steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→steadilyadv.稳定地；持续地10.astronomern.天文学家→astronomyn.天文学11.faultn.弱点；过错→faultyadj.错误的；有缺陷的12.subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscriptionn.订阅，订购13.transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变→transformationn.(彻底的)变化，改观，转变14.pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purelyadv.完全地；纯粹地→purifyvt.净化；使……洁净；提纯构词法：形容词后缀-ous表示“具有……性质的；充满……的”直接＋-ous①humor→humorous幽默的②courage→courageous勇敢的③danger→dangerous危险的④mountain→mountainous多山的去e＋-ous⑤continue→continuous持续的⑥fame→famous著名的；出名的⑦adventure→adventurous有冒险精神的辅音之后y变i＋-ous⑧envy→envious嫉妒的；羡慕的⑨glory→glorious光荣的⑩harmony→harmonious和睦的；融洽的⑪mystery→mysterious神秘的on变-ous⑫infection→infectious传染性的⑬caution→cautious谨慎的；小心的⑭ambition→ambitious有抱负的；有雄心的⑮religion→religious宗教的特殊⑯anxiety→anxious焦虑的⑰disaster→disastrous灾难性的Ⅳ.重点短语1.comedownwith 患(病)；染上(小病)2.breakout (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发3.subscribeto 同意；赞同4.betoblame 负有责任5.theoreticalframework 理论框架6.waterpump 水泵7.thanksto 幸亏；由于8.onceandforall 最终地：彻底地9.aboveall 最重要的是；尤其是10.inchargeof 主管；掌管Ⅴ.经典句型1.句型：so...that...Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。2.句型：have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。3.句型：“否定词＋比较级”连用表示最高级PerhapsnootherscientisthashadagreaterimpactonChina’saerospacesciencethanQianXuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.指责；责备先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Inmyview，LiHua，whobroketheschoolrules，wastoblame(blame).②我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。 (建议信)Insteadofblamingeachother，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.③由于演出失败受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，忍不住痛哭起来。 (续写情感描写)Blamedforthefailureoftheperformance，Timfeltseizedbyaburstofsadnessandcouldn’thelpcryingbitterly.④老人把收成不好归咎于恶劣的天气。当他看着枯萎的庄稼时，布满皱纹的脸上满是失望。 (续写表情描写)Theoldmanblamedthepoorharvestonthesevereweather.Hiswrinkledfacewasfilledwithdisappointmentashelookedatthedyingcrops.【点津】betoblame无被动语态。后归纳(1)blamesbfor(doing)sth 责备某人(做)某事blamesthonsb 把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备(2)lay/puttheblameon 把责任归咎于……decreasen.减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Asaresultoftheappearanceofsmartphones，thenumberofpeoplewhoreadmagazinesisonthedecrease.②Overthepastdecades，seaicehasdecreased(decrease)intheArcticasaresultofglobalwarming.③根据最近进行的一项调查，长时间沉迷于网络购物将极大地减少人们参加社交活动的欲望。Beingaddictedtoonlineshoppingfortoolong，accordingtoasurveyconductedrecently，willgreatlydecreasepeople’sdesiretotakepartinsocialactivities.【点津】近义词：lessen、decline；反义词：increase、rise。后归纳(1)decreaseby 减少了decrease(from...)to (从……)减少到decreasein 在某方面下降(2)onthedecrease 在减少adecreaseinsth 某方面的减少defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解[defenc(s)en.防御；保卫；保护]先练透单句语法填空/一句多译①Shesteppedbackappearingfrightenedandputupherhandsasifindefence/defense(defend).②Withnoshelterinsight，Alicewasdeterminedtodefendhersisterfrom/againstanydangerthatthestormmightbring.(续写场景描写)③看到这只凶猛的狼，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(续写肢体动作)→Seeingthefiercewolf，herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrow.(defend)→Seeingthefiercewolf，herushedindefenceofhissonlikeanarrow.(defence)后归纳(1)defend...against/from 保护……免受defendoneself 自卫；为自己辩护(2)indefence(of) 保护；为了保卫inone’sdefence 为某人辩护comedownwith患(病)；染上(小病)先练透用come短语填空/完成句子①Ineedcomeupwithacreativethemeformysister’sbirthdaypartybytheendoftheweek.②Firstly，whenyoucomeacrossunfamiliarwords，don’talwaysrefertothedictionary.③意识到我的伴侣得了严重的病，我喉咙哽住了，焦急地赶往医院。(续写心理描写)Awarethatmypartnercamedownwithaseriousdisease，Ihadknotsinmythroatandrushedtohospitalanxiously.④说到英语学习，我分享以下实用的建议。(建议信)WhenitcomestoEnglishlearning，Ihavethefollowingpracticalsuggestionstoshare.后归纳comeacross (偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解comeabout 发生(无被动形式)comeout 出版；结果是；(花)开放comeup 走近；上来；被提出comeupwith 提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)whenitcomesto... 当谈及……aboveall最重要的是；尤其是先练透用all短语填空/完成句子LearningthatyouarecomingtoBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversityasanexchangestudent，Iamwritingtoofferyousomesuggestions.①Firstofall，itwouldbebeneficialifyoucouldlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyouarrive.②Afterall，youwillbeincompletelyunfamiliarsurroundings.Secondly，youshouldbeoutgoing，active，andconfident.③Aboveall，maintaininganoptimisticattitudewillgreatlyassistyouinadaptingtothenewenvironment.④Allinall，pursuingadegreeinadifferentcultureisnotaneasytask⑤atall，butwiththerightmindsetandpreparation，youwillsurelysucceed.(建议信)⑥最重要的是，朋友是在患难的时候表达关爱而不是在幸福时。(主旨升华)Aboveall，friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble，notintimesofhappiness.后归纳afterall 毕竟；终究allinall 整体说来；总而言之inall 全部；合计firstofall 首先atall (否定句)一点也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟句型公式：have＋宾语＋过去分词(短语)【教材原句】Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.相应地，他让人把水泵的手柄拆了，这样水泵就不能用了。先练透完成句子①很抱歉我不能参加舞蹈练习；我在楼梯上滑倒后脚受伤了，站立时间过长会很困难。 (道歉信)IamsorryIcouldnotattendthedancepractice；Ihadmyfeethurtafterslippingonthestairs，makingitdifficulttostandfortoolong.②我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 (道歉信)Iamterriblysorryforhavingyouwaitingforsolong，becauseIhadanurgentthingtoattendtojustnow.③我很遗憾地告诉你，我将会让你退出比赛，因为我们不能容忍任何人在比赛中作弊。IregrettotellyouthatIwillhaveyouquitthecompetition，forwecan’thaveanybodycheatinginthegame.后归纳havesthdone 使某事被做havesbdosth 让某人做某事havesb/sthdoingsth 让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’thavesbdoingsth 不能容忍某人做某事havesthtodo 有某事要做句型公式：until引导的时间状语从句【教材原句】Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。先练透完成句子/句式升级①声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点线。 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷；动作描写)ThevoicebecamelouderandlouderuntilDaviddraggedhisleg，crossingthefinishline.②Ididn’trealizehowimportantworkingwithmyownhandswasuntilItookpartinthepickingactivity.→Itwasn’tuntilItookpartinthepickingactivitythatIrealizedhowimportantworkingwithmyownhandswas. (强调)→NotuntilItookpartinthepickingactivitydidIrealizehowimportantworkingwithmyownhandswas. (倒装)后归纳(1)not...until...意为“直到……才……”，引导时间状语从句；(2)在not...until...句型结构中，可以把notuntil提到句首，此时主句用部分倒装语序；(3)not...until...句型的强调句式为Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。1.pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)；注；灌vi.(水等)不断流出；(烟等)被吐出；不断涌向/涌现；(雨)倾盆而下【诵读领悟】①Afterthestressfulexam，shesatwithherbestfriendandpouredoutallheranxietyabouttheresults.紧张的考试结束后，她坐在好朋友身边，把对成绩的所有焦虑都倾诉了出来。②Aftertherainstopped，childrenpouredintothepark，laughingandchasingeachother. (场景描写)雨停后，孩子们涌进公园，笑着互相追逐。③Heheldthelettertellinghimhe’dbeenadmittedtohisdreamuniversity，tearspouringdownhischeeksandabigsmileonhisface. (独立主格结构)他拿着那封告知自己被梦想大学录取的信，泪水从脸颊流下，脸上却挂着灿烂的笑容。【佳句仿写】泪水从他脸颊流下，我紧紧抱住哥哥，一句话也说不出来。 (2025·全国一卷；情感描写)Withtearspouringdownhischeeks，Ihuggedmybrothertightly，unabletosayaword.pouroutone’ssadness/troubles 倾诉内心的悲伤/苦恼pourinto/outoftheclassroom 涌入/涌出教室withtears/sweatpouringdownone’sface 泪水/汗水顺着脸颊流下2.castvt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷【诵读领悟】①Thesettingsuncastanorangeglowoverthemountains. (环境描写)橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。②Hiscarelessremarkscastashadowoverthehappyatmosphereoftheparty，makingeveryonefeelawkward.他随意的言论给派对的欢乐氛围蒙上了一层阴影，让所有人都感到尴尬。③Shecastaquickglanceatherwatch，worriedthatshemightbelatefortheimportantmeeting.她快速瞥了一眼手表，担心赶不上这场重要的会议。【佳句仿写】一个阳光明媚的早晨，太阳开始升起，温暖的金色阳光辉映着公园。她看向我们，面带温暖的笑容。 (环境、神态描写)Onesunnymorning，thesunbegantorise，castingawarmgoldenglowoverthepark.Shecastusalook，withherfacewearingawarmsmile.castaquickglance 快速瞥一眼castadarkshadowoversth 给某事蒙上一层阴影castsunlightthroughthewindow 阳光透过窗户投射进来维度一词汇语境运用1.(2026·东北三省四市二模)ThebrightstadiumlightsshoneonmyfaceasIrushedpasttwodefenders(defend)，myheartbeatingfast.2.(2026·皖北协作区联考)Thiscardmadeusfeelverywarm，likeitwasthebestproof(prove)ofourkindnessonthejourney.3.(2025·湖南省4月检测)Recoveringfromsurgeryhadlefthimfrustrated(frustrate)andshort-tempered，andherealizednowhowinconsideratehehadbeen.4.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Afewminutesspentcasting(cast)youreyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.5.(2025·河北省二轮复习联考三)Thediary，whichIinitially(initial)thoughtwasadisappointinggift，turnedouttobethemostpreciousone.6.(2026·湖北黄冈中学三模)Seeinghimpushhimselfbackintothecornerevenfurtherwhensheapproachedwithbreakfast，shefrownedagain，feelingfrustrated(frustrate)andbroken-hearted.7.WillingtohelpBernard，thechildrengotdowntopreparing(prepare)popcorntheinstanttheygotwhattheyneeded.8.Yourinnovationsshouldbelinkedto/withourschoollifeandbeabletomakeourlifebetterandmoreconvenient.维度二阅读理解清障Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思1.Heisdeterminedtohireafamouslawyertodefendhimincourt. v.辩护2.Theengineisusedforpumpingwateroutofthemine. vt.用泵输送3.Hehasbeenworkingforsolideighthourswithouttakingabreak，hereallyneedstorestforawhile. adj.连续的，不间断的4.Theyshiftedtheirviewpointsfrequently. vt.改变(观点或态度等)5.Whatdoyougetwhenyoucombinerobottoysandasolarcell？ n.电池根据语境选择加黑词的含义6.subscribeto同意；赞同；把……捐赠给……(生义)；订购(生义)①Idon’tsubscribetotheviewthatsuccessonlydependsonluck；hardworkismuchmoreimportant. 同意②Hergrandmotherstillsubscribestoaweeklynewspaper，eventhoughmostpeoplegetnewsfromtheirphonesnow. 订购③Manypeoplesubscribedmoneytotheeducationfund. 把……捐赠给……7.handlevt.处理；搬动；应对，与(人)打交道(生义)；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触，拿(生义)n.把手；拉手；柄①(2022·全国甲卷)Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions. vt.(用手)触，拿②Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsbutjudgingspeedanddistance. vt.操纵(车辆)③TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles. n.把手④Themanagerknowshowtohandledifficultemployeeswithoutmakingthesituationworse. vt.应对，与(人)打交道⑤Themanagerassignedhertohandletheclient’scomplaint，asshe’sgoodatcalmingpeopledownandfindingsolutions. vt.处理8.shiftn.改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向；改变(生义)①Theschoolhadtoshiftresourcesfromlesspopularprogramstomoreessentialacademicsubjects. vt.转移②Publicattitudestowardsthishaveshiftedoverthepast50years. vi.改变③It’sbettertoleaveyourlistenerswishingformorethanshiftingrestlesslyintheirseatswaitingforyourspeechfinallytoend. vi.挪动④Thestudentvolunteersweredividedintothreeshifts，eachresponsiblefordifferentactivitiesandtimes. n.轮班Ⅱ.构词法构词法名词后缀-ation/-tion表示“性质，状态”等；名词后缀-sion表示“行为，状态，性质”等猜测下列黑体词的含义1.(2025·浙江1月卷)I’mattendingaconferenceinthecityandmysecretarytoldmethattheconferenceorganizermadethereservationforme. n.预定2.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime，andifthepastisanyindication，hemayberight... n.迹象，暗示3.(2024·全国甲卷)Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization. n.现代化4.(2023·浙江1月卷)Thelastdaytocancelregistrationandreceiveafullrefund(退款)isJune15. n.注册5.(2024·北京卷)Tofacilitateourcomprehensionoftheworld，webuildmodelsbasedonconceptualmetaphors(隐喻)thatarefamiliartous. n.理解Part1.应用文增分练(征稿启事—工匠精神)假定你是某国际学校学生会主席李华，你校学生会正在向全体学生征集以“中国科学家精神”为主题的短视频。请你用英文拟一则征稿启事，内容包括：1.活动目的；2.作品要求；3.投稿方式及截止时间。用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文【布局谋篇】开篇：点明活动目的①WiththeaimofofferingstudentsadeeperinsightintotheremarkablespiritofChinesescientists(为了让学生更深入地了解中国科学家的非凡精神)andencouragingstudentstodrawinspirationfromthem，ourschooliscollectingshortvideosthemed“TheSpiritofChineseScientists”.中段：征稿要求①视频要求；②视频内容；③投稿方式及截止时间Preferencewillbegiventoyourentry②ifitmeetsthefollowingrequirements(如果满足以下要求).Firstofall，thevideoissupposedtobeoriginal，positiveand③closelyrelatedtothetheme(与主题密切相关).Furthermore，thevideoshouldcenteronthecreativity，brillianceandachievementsofanoutstandingChinesescientist.Itwillspreadthespiritofperseverance.Aboveall，④submitonethroughourschoolwebsitenolaterthanDecember1st(请于12月1日前将视频发到我校网站。).结尾：欢迎投稿Lookingforwardtoyouractiveparticipation！StudentUnionOctober20th【多元表达】⑤Furthermore，thevideoshouldcenteronthecreativity，brillianceandachievementsofanoutstandingChinesescientist.Itwillspreadthespiritofperseverance.(升级为动词-ing形式作状语)→Furthermore，thevideoshouldcenteronthecreativity，brillianceandachievementsofanoutstandingChinesescientist，spreadingthespiritofperseverance.Part2.读后续写提能练拓展语料积累动作描写“腿部”动作【语言素材】腿软/抖①shaky/shaking/tremblinglegs 颤抖的双腿②legs/kneesbuckle 双腿/双膝发软③feelweakinthelegs 腿软④trembleinthelegs 腿抖⑤legs/kneesbe/feellikeasweakasjelly 双腿/双膝发软续表其他①tiredlegs 疲惫的双腿②crossone’slegs 跷二郎腿③dragone’sleg 拖着(受伤的腿)行走④withone’slegswideapart 双腿叉开⑤legsgiveway 双腿不受控制⑥stretchone’slegs 活动活动腿脚⑦stumbleforwardslowly 蹒跚着慢慢向前挪动【靓句表达】1.Afterrunningthemarathon，IfeltsoweakinthelegsthatIcouldbarelystand.跑完马拉松后，我腿软得几乎站不住。2.Hestoodinfrontofthecrowd，hislegstremblingwithnervousnessashepreparedtospeak.他站在人群前，准备发言时紧张得腿都在抖。3.Afterhoursofintensestudy，it’snecessarytostretchyourlegstorelaxyourbodyandmind.经过几个小时的紧张学习，有必要活动活动腿脚来放松身心。4.Beforesteppingontothestagetogivethespeech，hiskneeswereasweakasjellybecausehewastoonervous.上台演讲前，他因为过于紧张而双腿发软。5.Thelittlegirlstoodtherewithatremblingleg，tooscaredtomovewhenshesawthebigdog.小女孩看到那只大狗时，站在原地腿不停地颤抖，吓得动弹不得。6.Shesatonthesofa，crossedherlegs，andstartedreadingthenovelshehadjustbought.她坐在沙发上，跷起二郎腿，开始读刚买的小说。续写语料运用用表“动腿”的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵微场景：主题“挑战自我”——比赛中体力不支时的“动腿”Ihadbegunthefinalsprintintoglorywhen①mylegsgaveway(双腿不受控制).Itriedtotakeastepforward，but②mylegswouldn’tmove(我的双腿不听使唤)asifrootedtotheground.EventhoughIknewmydreamofvictoryhadbeendestroyed，Ihadtofinishtherace.Thenthefeelingsuddenlysurgedbackintomylegs.③Istumbledforward，inchbyinch，acrossthefinishline(我一步一步、蹒跚地向前挪动，缓缓冲过了终点线).AwaveofshamewelledupinmeasDadpulledmeintohisarms，tearspouringdown.单元测评22UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTS(限时：45分钟满分：62.5分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分)A(2026·福州名校联盟第一次诊断)IntensiveworkandfrequenttravelleftAlfredNobellittletimeforprivatelife.At43，hefeltprematurelyoldandadvertisedforamature，multilingual(会多种语言的)womantoserveassecretaryandhouseholdmanager.Theidealcandidate，AustrianCountessBerthaKinsky，workedbrieflyforNobelbeforeleavingtomarryCountArthurvonSuttner.Despitethis，NobelandBerthamaintainedalongepistolaryexchange.Overtheyears，BerthavonSuttnerbecameincreasinglycriticalofthearmsrace.Shewroteafamousbook，LayDownYourArmsandbecameaprominentfigureinthepeacemovement.NodoubtthisinfluencedAlfredNobelwhenhewrotehisfinalwillwhichwastoincludeaPrizeforpersonsororganizationswhopromotedpeace.SeveralyearsafterthedeathofAlfredNobel，theNorwegianParliamentdecidedtoawardthe1905NobelPeacePrizetoBertha.AlfredNobeldiedinSanRemo，Italy，onDecember10，1896.Whenhiswillwasopened，itcameasashockthathiswealthwastobeusedforPrizesinPhysics，Chemistry，PhysiologyorMedicine，LiteratureandPeace.Twoyoungengineers，RagnarSohlmanandRudolfLilljequist，wereappointedexecutors(遗嘱执行人).TheyformedtheNobelFoundationtomanagethefundsandcoordinatetheawards，andthiswasnotwithoutitsdifficultiessincethewillwascontestedbyrelativesandquestionedbyauthoritiesinvariouscountries.AlfredNobel’sexceptionaltalentlayinhisuniqueabilitytomergetheinsightofascientistandinventorwiththeenterprisingspiritofanindustrialist.Besides，Nobelwasveryinterestedinsocialandpeace-relatedissuesandheldwhatwereconsidereduncommonviewsinhisera.Healsopossessedaprofoundloveforliteratureandauthoredhisownpoetryandplays.TheNobelPrizesbecameanextensionandafulfillmentofhislifetimeinterests.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的生平事迹。1.WhowasBerthamentionedinthetext？A.ApeaceactivistandNobelPrizewinner.B.Nobel’slong-termsecretaryandhouseholdmanager.C.AmanagerofNobel’sindustrialenterprises.D.ArelativewhocontestedNobel’swill.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Overtheyears，BerthavonSuttnerbecameincreasinglycriticalofthearmsrace.Shewroteafamousbook，LayDownYourArmsandbecameaprominentfigureinthepeacemovement.”和“SeveralyearsafterthedeathofAlfredNobel，theNorwegianParliamentdecidedtoawardthe1905NobelPeacePrizetoBertha.”可知，贝尔塔·冯·苏特纳是一位和平运动的活动家，也是诺贝尔和平奖的获得者。故选A。2.Whatistheprobablemeaningof“epistolaryexchange”inParagraph2？A.Ascientificexperimentsharedbymail.B.Apreciseacademicpaper.C.Apublicspeechdeliveredinternationally.D.Acontinuouswrittencorrespondence.答案：D解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句和画线词所在句可知，贝尔塔曾为诺贝尔工作过，后来离开了，但他们仍然保持着联系，由此可推测，画线短语epistolaryexchange指的是他们之间的通信，即“持续的书面通信”。故选D。3.WhywasNobel’swillconsideredsurprising？A.Itappointedengineersasexecutors.B.Itassignedhisfortunetosetprizes.C.ItincludedaprizeinspiredbyBertha.D.Itfacedchallengesfromauthorities.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Whenhiswillwasopened，itcameasashockthathiswealthwastobeusedforPrizesinPhysics，Chemistry，PhysiologyorMedicine，LiteratureandPeace.”可知，诺贝尔的遗嘱令人惊讶是因为他将财富用于设立奖项。故选B。4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethetraitsofAlfredNobel？A.Industriousandvisionary.B.Ambitiousandmaterialistic.C.Practicalbutilliterate.D.Reclusiveanddishonest.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“IntensiveworkandfrequenttravelleftAlfredNobellittletimeforprivatelife.”和最后一段可知，诺贝尔工作勤奋，并且持有诸多超越时代的见解，具有远见。由此可推知，他是一个勤奋(industrious)且有远见的人(visionary)。故选A。B(2026·河南安阳市9月调研)Todeterminethetypeandseverityofacancer，scientistsusuallyanalyzethinslicesofatumor(肿瘤)underamicroscope.Buttotellhowthetumoristreated，scientistsmustperformgeneticsequencing(排序)oftheRNAisolatedfromthetumor，aprocessthatcantakeweeksandcoststhousandsofdollars.Butnow，StanfordMedicineresearchershavedevelopedanartificialintelligence-poweredcomputationalprogramthatcanpredicttheactivityofthousandsofgeneswithintumorcells.Thetoolwascreatedusingdatafrommorethan7，000diversetumorsamples.Theteamshowedthatitcouldbeusedroutinelytopredictgeneticvariationsinbreastcancersandtopredictpatientoutcomes.“Thiskindofsoftwarecouldbeusedtoquicklyidentifygenesignaturesinpatients’tumors，speedingupclinical(临床的)decision-makingandsavingthehealthcaresystemthousandsofdollars，”saidOlivierGevaert，PhD.Theresearchersbeganwith7，584cancerbiopsies(活检)from16differentcancertypes.Eachbiopsyhadbeenslicedintothinsectionsandprepared.Aftertheresearchersintegratedtheirnewcancerbiopsiesaswellasotherdatasets，includingimagesfromthousandsofhealthycells，theAIprogram—whichtheynamedSEQUOIA—wasabletopredicttheexpressionpatternsofmorethan15，000differentgenesfromthestainedimages.TotesttheeffectofSEQUOIAforclinicaldecision-making，Gevaertandhiscolleaguesidentifiedbreastcancergenesthatthemodelcouldaccuratelypredicttheexpressionofandthatarealreadyusedincommercialbreastcancergenomictests.TheAImodelcan’tyetbeusedinaclinicalsetting，butGevaertsaidhisteamisstudyingitspotentialapplications.Inthefuture，hesaid，SEQUOIAcouldreducetheneedforexpensivegeneexpressiontests.“We’veshownhowusefulthiscouldbeforbreastcancer，andwecannowuseitforallcancers，”hesaid.“It’sawholenewsourceofdatathatwedidn’thavebefore.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具。5.Howdoscientistsusuallyfindoutthetreatmentofatumor？A.Byanalyzingitsthinslices.B.Byusingacomputationalprogram.C.Byperforminggeneticsequencing.D.Byreferringtoroutinelycollecteddata.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Buttotellhowthetumoristreated，scientistsmustperformgeneticsequencing(排序)oftheRNAisolatedfromthetumor，aprocessthatcantakeweeksandcoststhousandsofdollars.”可知，科学家通常通过进行基因测序来确定如何治疗肿瘤，故选C。6.WhatcanweknowaboutSEQUOIAfromthepassage？A.Ithasbeenwidelyused.B.Itcanpredictallgenes’activity.C.Ithasreducedthecostofgenetests.D.It’slikelytolessentherequirementforcostlygenetictests.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Inthefuture，hesaid，SEQUOIAcouldreducetheneedforexpensivegeneexpressiontests.”可知，SEQUOIA可能会减少对昂贵的基因检测的需求，故选D。7.WhatdidGevaertthinkofthefutureoftheAImodel？A.Potential. B.Useless.C.Changeable. D.Ambiguous.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Gevaert认为这种人工智能模型未来很有潜力，故选A。8.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A.Anewtoolforanalyzingtumorslices.B.AnAItooltopredicttumorgeneactivity.C.Anattempttoperformoriginalgeneticsequencing.D.AItechnologytorevolutionizethetreatmentofcancer.答案：B解析：主旨大意题。通读全文内容，尤其根据第二段中“Butnow，StanfordMedicineresearchershavedevelopedanartificialintelligence-poweredcomputationalprogramthatcanpredicttheactivityofthousandsofgeneswithintumorcells.”可知，文章主要介绍了科学家开发的一种可以预测肿瘤基因活性的人工智能工具，故选B。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·新高考八省最后一卷)Fearisanaturalemotionthatservesasaprotectivemechanism，alerting(使意识到)ustopotentialdangers.However，whenfearbecomesintense，itcanslowourgrowthandpreventusfromseizingopportunities.1Herearefourstepstohelpyoufacefearwithconfidence.Identifywhythefearisthere.Isitfearoftheunknown？Concernaboutfailure？Worryaboutothers’opinions？Orperhapsit’sbecausesuccessmatterssodeeplytoyou.2Getcomfortablewithfailure.Let’sfaceit：Failureisapartoflife.Youareboundtomakemistakes，takemissteps，andfail.3Insteadoffearingfailure，embrace(拥抱)itasateacher.Sure，somefailurescarrygreaterrisksthanothers，butmostmistakesareopportunitiestogrowinwaysyouotherwisewouldn’t.4Stopandthinkoverhowfaryou’vecomeandhowmuchyou’vegrown.Everychallengeyou’vefacedhascontributedtothecourageouspersonyouaretoday.Sure，weallhaveoffdayswhenwefeellesscourageousthanothers，buttakingastepbacktolookatthebigpictureisapowerfulmotivator.Remindyourselfofyourstrengths.Whatareyourbiggestandbeststrengthsthatyoulovetouse？Howcanyouusethemtofacethischallenge？5Ifyou’relearningsomethingnew，bringyournaturalabilitiestoplay.Forexample，ifyou’retooshytomeetnewpeople，useyourtalentfordeepconversations.Ifyou’reawriterexploringcreativitythroughart，remindyourselfthatifyoucancreatewithwords，youcanalsocreatewithapaintbrush.A.Reflectonyourgrowth.B.Engageinpositiveself-talk.C.That’showyoulearnandimprove.D.Everysmallactofcouragedeservesrecognition.E.Understandingthesourceofyourfearhelpsyouworkwithit.F.Doingwhatyoudobestwillmakeyoufeelbravertofaceanything.G.Understandingandmanagingfeariscrucialforpersonaldevelopment.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个自信地面对恐惧的方法。1.答案：G解析：上文“However，whenfearbecomesintense，itcanslowourgrowthandpreventusfromseizingopportunities.”提到了过度恐惧对我们的负面影响，G选项“理解和控制恐惧对个人发展至关重要。”能承接上文并引出下文四个方法的阐述，符合语境。故选G。2.答案：E解析：根据本段主题句“Identifywhythefearisthere.”可知，本段内容主要是找出你恐惧的原因，选项E中thesourceofyourfear与本段主题句呼应，说明找出恐惧存在的原因的益处。故选E。3.答案：C解析：上文“Youareboundtomakemistakes，takemissteps，andfail.”提到了我们都会犯错误和失败，C选项与上文构成顺承关系，进一步强调和说明犯错误的重要性。故选C。4.答案：A解析：空处为本段的主题句。下文“Stopandthinkoverhowfaryou’vecomeandhowmuchyou’vegrown.Everychallengeyou’vefacedhascontributedtothecourageouspersonyouaretoday.”提到了反思自己，所以A选项“反思你的成长。”能概括本段内容。故选A。5.答案：F解析：根据本段主题句“Remindyourselfofyourstrengths.”可知，本段主要内容是提醒自己的长处，选项F中whatyoudobest与主题句中的strengths相呼应，说明做自己擅长的事情的好处。故选F。Ⅲ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·济南市高考针对性训练)Injustafewweeks，theUniversityofNorthernColoradowillbefilledwithstudentseagertotakeonthenewschoolyear.Yetfornow，CandelariaHallis1，andTerriBall，anadministrativeassistantintheSchoolofCommunication，iswaitingforthecheerful2ofthefirstweekofthenewterm.Ballhasbeenworkingfortheuniversityfornearlyadecade，andhas3everymomentofherrole.ThemainsectionofBall’sjobisto4withthelivelystudentsinherdepartment，guidingthemtowardtheright5fortheiruniquecollegejourney.Her6mindsetnotonlyputsstudentsateasebutalsoinspiresthemtoapproachchallengeswithoptimism.ForBall，being7isthecoreofwhosheis，withoutwhichshefeelsshewouldbe8，andsheworkshardtosharethisbeliefwithherstudents.Ball’sdevotion9studentscontinuousencouragementandassistance.Sherecalledashyyoungmanwho10underherguidance—fromstrugglingwithbasicshadingtomasteringpolishedportraits(肖像).Inhissenioryear，theinvitationfromanationalgalleryofferedhimachancetoshowcasehisworksandhisconfidenceBallhe