美英报刊阅读教程（第三版）（上篇共上下2篇）617

Lesson1WhoWeAreNow?

美英报刊阅读教程（第三版）Lesson1StructureAnalysisKeytoQuestions

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AdditionalNotes

BackgroundInformationContentsBackgroundInformationTheStatueofLibertyTheStatueofLibertyisalargestatuethatwaspresentedtotheUnitedStatesbyFrancein1886.Itstandsforawelcometoallvisitors,immigrants,andreturningAmericans.Thecopper-cladstatue,whichisdedicatedonOctober28,1886,commemoratesthecentennialoftheUnitedStatesandisagestureoffriendshipfromFrancetoAmerica.TheStatueofLiberty,

whichrepresentslibertyandescapefromoppression,isoneofthemostrecognizableiconsoftheUnitedStates.ThesevenspikesinthecrownrepresenttheSevenSeasandsevencontinents.Hertorchsignifiesenlightenment.Thetabletinherhandshowsthedateofthenation'sbirth,July4,1776.

Lesson1

PresidentLyndenB.Johnson,America's36thpresident.JohnsonwasvicepresidenttoJohnF.KennedywhowasmurderedinDallasinNov.1963.Johnsonservedthelast14monthsofthepresident'sterm.ThenhewonafulltermofhisownstartinginJan.1965.UnderJohnson,the1964CivilRightsActbarreddiscriminationagainstminoritiesinjobsandinrestaurantsandotherbusinesses.LyndonJohnsonsucceededingettingCongresstopassmorecivilrightslegislationin1965and1968.TheCivilRightsActof1965saidstatescouldnotpreventcitizensfromvotingjustbecausetheycouldnotreadverywell.The1968lawbarreddiscriminationagainstblacksinhousing.BackgroundInformationLesson1JohnsonlaunchedtheWaronPoverty,aseriesofbillsdesignedtohelpthepoor.Buthiseffortstopayforsocialprogramsandawaroverseas(inVietnamandtheDominicanRepublic)ledtoinflation.In1965,hewoncongressionalapprovalofMedicare,ahealthinsuranceprogramforAmericansage65andolder.UnderJohnson,CongressalsoapprovedMedicaid,ahealthcareprogramforthepooranddisabled.In1967,PresidentJohnsonappointedthenation'sfirstblackjusticetotheSupremeCourt,ThurgoodMarshall.BackgroundInformationLesson1Lesson1BackgroundInformationLesson1

PresidentBarackObamaBarackH.Obamaisthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.Hewaselectedthe44thPresidentoftheUnitedStatesonNovember4,2008,andsworninonJanuary20,2009.

ObamawasborninHawaiionAugust4,1961.HisfatherisfromKenyaandhismotherfromKansas.Obamaworkedhiswaythroughcollegewiththehelpofscholarshipsandstudentloans,hewentontoattendlawschool,wherehebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentoftheHarvardLawReview.Aftergraduation,hereturnedtoChicagotohelpleadavoterregistrationdrive,teachBackgroundInformationLesson1constitutionallawattheUniversityofChicago,andremainactiveinhiscommunity.ObamaservedintheIllinoisStateSenatefor8yearsrepresentingaliberaldistrictinChicagofrom1996to2005.Then,hebeganservingintheUSSenate.WhenhewasasenatorinIllinois,hehelpedpassedthefirstmajorethicsreformin25yearsintheIllinoisStateSenate,cuttaxesforworkingfamilies,andexpandedhealthcareforchildrenandtheirparents.AsaSenator,hereachedacrosstheaisletopassgroundbreakinglobbyingreform,lockuptheworld'smostdangerousweapons,andbringtransparencytogovernmentbyputtingfederalspendingonline.Heandhiswife,Michelle,havetwodaughters,MaliaandSasha.BackgroundInformationLesson1AdditionalNotes…theeyesofthepressfixedonhimintheshadowsofthenation’smostfablediconoffreedom.(Line5-6,Para.1)—新闻界都凝视最著名象征自由的雕像（自由女神像）的背光处的他（fixon:direct(esp.one’seyes’）onsb/sthwithsteadyattention,shadows:partialdarkness)…isthat“we”isgettingthickertodefinequicklyandeasilyintermsofrace,ethnicityandreligion(Line4,Para.5)—就种族﹑血统以及宗教信仰而言，“我们”越来越难轻而易举的界定(thick:notclear,difficult;ethnicity:thefactofbelongingtoaparticularrace)

Lesson1AdditionalNotes3.Inthe1920s,amiddifficulteconomictimesandfearsofcommunisminthewakeoftheRussianrevolution(Line7,Para.12)—

在二十世纪二十年代，处于经济困难和俄罗斯革命所带来的对共产主义的恐惧感(inthewakeof:ifsomethinghappensinthewakeofsomethingelse,ithappensafterandoftenbecauseofit,接踵而至，作为……结果)4.demography(Line1,Para.7)—人口统计学(thebranchofsociologythatstudiesthecharacteristicsofhumanpopulations)

Lesson1AdditionalNotes…publicapprovaloftheinterracialmarriages(likethatbetweenObama’sparents)hasrisensignificantlyinthepastdecade(Line6-7,Para.16)—公众对于不同人种间联姻的认可度（比如奥巴马的父母）在过去的十年里有了显著的提高(interracialmarriage:marriagebetweentwopeopleofdifferentraces)CouldObamacountonthemtoshowup?(Line9-10,Para.17)—奥巴马能否指望他们而上位？(counton:judgetobeprobable;showup:appearorbecomevisible;makeashowing,beorbecomevisibleornoticeable)

Lesson1Photos&DiagramsLesson1KeytoQuestions1.Theword“thick”inthesentence“‘We’isgettingthickertodefinequicklyandeasilyintermsofrace,ethnicityandreligion."Paragraph5)means____.

A.

slowtolearn

B. dense

C. veryfriendly

D. notclearLesson1KeytoQuestions2.ItcanbeseenfromthearticlethatAmerica’sfastestgrowingraceis____.

A.Asians

B.Hispanics

C.whites

D.blacks

Lesson13.Theaimoftheliterarytestforimmigrantswasto____.

A.enhancethequalityofAmericans

B.helpthemtofindproperjobs

C.restricttheinfluxofSouthernandEasternEuropeans

D.popularizeEnglishintheU.S.

KeytoQuestionsLesson14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTontheauthor’slistofyoungervoters’features?

A.morediverseB.moresecularC.lesssociallyconservativeD.bettereducated

KeytoQuestionsLesson15.TheAuthor’sviewonthefuturejourneyofimmigrationis____.

A.pessimisticB.optimisticC.uncertainD.unknownKeytoQuestionsLesson11.WhenandwheredidPresidentLyndenB.JohnsonsigntheImmigrationandNaturalizationAct?

PresidentLyndenB.JohnsonsignedtheImmigrationandNaturalizationActonOctober3,1965,atthefootoftheStatueofLibertyinNewYorkHarbor.KeytoQuestionsLesson12.Whatwasthe1965billintendedtodo?

The1965billwasintendedtorewardtheSouthernandEasternEuropeanswhohadbeenloyaldemocrats.

KeytoQuestionsLesson13.WhywasL.B.Johnsonopenlyambivalent?

L.B.JohnsonwasopenlyambivalentbecausehewantedtopacifythoseAmericanswhofearedthatthebillwouldcausegreatchangeandthatimmigrationwouldadverselyaffectthestructureoftheirdailylives,andinthiswayensuredtheirsupportforthebill.

KeytoQuestionsLesson14.WhatistheconnectionbetweenthebillandObama’sinauguration?

ThebillsignedbyL.B.JohnsonplayedakeyroleincreatingtheAmericathatmadeBarackObama’sinaugurationpossible.IthashelpedAmericatoturnintoacountryinwhichtraditionalbarriersofrace,ageandgenderarecrumbling.

KeytoQuestionsLesson15.Whatdoestheterm“amajority-minoritycountry”referto?

Theterm“amajority-minoritycountry”referstoacountryinwhichtheminoritiesareactuallythemajorities.

KeytoQuestionsLesson16.Whatdoestheauthorthinkthe44thpresidentrepresent?

Theauthorthinksthatthe44thpresidentrepresentsakindofredemptionfromthelongandtragichistoryofblacksinAmerica.

KeytoQuestionsLesson17.Whyisthedivisionofvotersintousandthemalongracialandethniclinesmoredifficultandlesseffective?

Thedivisionofvotersintousandthemalongracialandethniclinesismoredifficultandlesseffectivebecausetheelectoratechanges,andvotersthemselvesaremorelikelytocomefromdiversebackgroundsandliveinaworldinwhichdiversityistherule,nottheexception.

KeytoQuestionsLesson18.WhatimpactdidtheMcCareen-WalterActproduce?

TheMcCareen-WalterActessentiallymadenaturalizationcolorblind.Asaresult,afterthe1952act,manyrecentimmigrants,especiallyAsians,wereabletobecomecitizens.KeytoQuestionsLesson19.Whatdidthe1965billdo?

The1965billcompletelyabolishednationalquotasandallowednaturalizedcitizenstosendforrelatives.KeytoQuestionsLesson110.WhichgroupofAmericansaremoreassimilated?

Byandlarge,theyoungertheyare,themoreassimilatedtheyare.Thekeycohortisthe75-million-stronggenerationknownasthemillennials.(thosebornbetween1980and2000)

KeytoQuestionsStructureAnalysisReadingSkillPartI(1-6)TheImmigrationandNationalityActanditssignificancePartIIPartIII(7-8)SignificanceoftheObamavictory

(9-14)Evolutionofimmigration

PartIV(15-18)America’sattitudetoimmigration

Lesson1I. (1-6)TheImmigrationandNationalityActanditssignificance1.Johnson’ssigningtheAct2.AmbivalentpartofJohnson’sspeech3.ItsconsequenceoftransformingAmerica’spopulationmake-up

StructureAnalysisLesson1(7-8)SignificanceoftheObamavictory

1.ShowinggreatchangesofAmerica2.Representingakindofredemption

III.(9-14)Evolutionofimmigration

1.Presentingdiversityofvoters2.Immigrationboominthefirstdecadeofthe20thcentury3.Nativepeople’soppositiontotheinfluxofSouthernandEasternEurope4.TheMcCarren-WalterAct’simpact:eliminatingracialdiscrimination5.The1965bill’simpact:abolishingnationalquotacompletely

StructureAnalysisLesson1IV.(15-18)America’sattitudetoimmigration1.Break-downofbarriers2.Changeofattitudetoimmigrantsanddifferentraces3.Easierassimilationoftheyoungergeneration4.DisparityofolderandyoungervotersV.(19-21)Prospectofimmigration1.Sharpgrowthofimmigrantsandtheirdescendants2.PossibleobstaclesandAmerica’stendencytodowhatisrightintheend3.ThevoicesofthenewAmericaStructureAnalysisLesson2TheLostGeneration

美英报刊阅读教程（第三版）Lesson2StructureAnalysisKeytoQuestions

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AdditionalNotes

BackgroundInformationContentsBackgroundInformationTheLostGeneration

:Americanwritersofthe1920’s

Duringthe1920'sagroupofwritersknownas"TheLostGeneration"gainedpopularity.GertrudeStein,whowouldtakethisphraseanduseittodescribethepeopleofthe1920'swhorejectedAmericanpost-WWIvalues,coinedtheterm"thelostgeneration".ThethreebestknownwritersamongTheLostGenerationareF.ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemingwayandJohnDosPassos.ErnestHemingway,theleadingliteraryfigureofthedecade,tookStein'sphrase,anduseditasanepigraphforhisfirstnovel,TheSunAlsoRises.Becauseofthisnovel'spopularity,theterm,"TheLostGeneration"istheenduringtermthathasstayedassociatedwithwritersofthe1920's.

Lesson2BackgroundInformationLesson1

The"LostGeneration"definesasenseofmorallossoraimlessnessapparentinliteraryfiguresduringthe1920s.WorldWarIhaddestroyedtheideathatifyouactedvirtuously,goodthingswouldhappen.Manyyoungmenwenttowaranddied,orreturnedhomeeitherphysicallyormentallywounded(formost,both),andtheirfaithinthemoralguidepoststhathadearliergiventhemhope,werenolongervalid...theywere"Lost."BackgroundInformationLesson2Lesson2BackgroundInformationLesson2

MBATheMasterofBusinessAdministration(M.B.A.orMBA)isamaster’sdegreeinbusinessadministration.TheMBAdesignationoriginatedintheUnitedStatesinthelate19thcentury.ThecorecoursesintheMBAprogramincludefinance,marketing,accounting,operationsmanagement,humanresources,etc.BusinessschoolsinmanycountriesofferMBAprogramstailoredtofull-time,part-time,executive,anddistancelearningstudents,withspecializedconcentrations.BackgroundInformationLesson2

DanSchmitz,25,aUniversityofWisconsingrad,hasn'thadajobinmonthsJenniferS.AltmanBackgroundInformationLesson2

GenerationX,bornbetween1965and1978,hasbeendescribedasindependent,tech-savvy,pragmaticandcompetent.Xerswereoftenraisedbysingleparentsorbyparentswhobothworkedoutsidethehome.Thischangeinparentingnormshelpedtocreateagenerationthatismoreself-managing.Inaddition,theseearlyexperiencescausedXerstostriveforthework-lifebalancelackingintheirworkaholicBoomer-parents.TheseexperiencesalsomaycolorXers'feelingstowardstheiremployers.Membersofthisgenerationtendtochangejobsfrequently.Theyareinclinedtobefreeagentsanddistrustcorporatemotives.BackgroundInformationLesson2

BackgroundInformationLesson2

GenerationY,bornbetween1979and1994,isoftenlabeledasentitled,impatient,andoutspokenwithaninabilitytotakecriticism.Theyaredeemedtobehighmaintenance,butmostexpertsagreewithmorepotentialthananypreviousgeneration.Theygrewupwithinstantgratificationanddevotedparents.Theyareadaptableandflexibleinordertodealwiththeeverincreasingrateofchange.Ysaretechnologysavvyandsophisticated.GenYgetsknockedfornothavingthefinancialsavvyofpreviousgenerations.Theirdebtloads(studentloansandcreditcardbalances)aregrowing.BackgroundInformationLesson2AdditionalNotesItseemsstrangeatfirstblushthatyoungpeoplearethebiggestvictimsofthecurrenteconomicslump(Line1-2,Para.11)—初想，年轻人是经济萧条期的最大受害者似乎是件挺奇怪的事(atfirstblush:asafirstimpression;slump:along-termeconomicstatecharacterizedbyunemploymentandlowpricesandlowlevelsoftradeandinvestment)

Lesson2AdditionalNotes2.sloughoffolderworkers(Line3,Para.11)—弃用较年长的工人(sloughoff：discardasundesirable)3.ThesenseofstasisinmanyWesterncountriesisreminiscentofJapan(Line1,Para.12)—许多西方国家的经济停滞令人联想起日本曾经有过类似的现象(reminiscent:seeminglikeorsuggestingsomeoneorsomething)

Lesson2AdditionalNotes4.TheU.S.hasbeenslowertobeefupjobprogramsfortheyoung,partlybecauseofmassivebudgetdeficit(Line1,Para.18)—美国在加强年轻人就业计划方面动作比较缓慢，部分原因是巨额预算赤字。(beefup:makesthstronger;budgetdeficit:anexcessofexpendituresoverrevenues)Youngpeoplehavefiguredouthowtoavoidhorridblanksontheirrésumés(Line1,Para.20)—年轻人想出了如何使自己简历避免出现可怕空白的方法。(figuredout:findthesolutionto;horrid:causinghorror;résumé:abriefaccountofone'sprofessionalorworkexperienceandqualifications,oftensubmittedwithanemploymentapplication)

Lesson2Photos&DiagramsLesson2KeytoQuestions1.Whichofthefollowinggroupsisfacedwiththemostseverejobsituation?

A.

peoplewithoutcollegeeducation

B. collegegrads

C. elderlypeople

D. blue-collarworkers

Lesson2KeytoQuestions2.Thelistofreasonsforyoungpeople’sunemploymentdoesNOTinclude

.

A.employers’tendencytovaluelongworkexperienceB.employers’tendencytotakefewrisksC.olderpeople’slong-termcontractsD.youngpeople’sunwillingnesstotakejobsofferinglowwages

Lesson23.WhichofthefollowingmeasuresforendingthejobcrisisisNOTmentioned?

A.retiringmoreelderlypeopletocreatemorejobchancesB.removingobstaclestoyoungpeople’semploymentC.morejobtrainingD.givingtaxcreditstoemployersfornewhires

KeytoQuestionsLesson24.Amongthefollowingdevelopedcountries,whichoneisbetterinemployment?

A.theU.S.

B.Japan

C.Spain

D.Germany

KeytoQuestionsLesson25.Theauthor’sviewonthefuturejobsituationforyoungpeopleis

.

A.ratherpessimistic

B.optimistic

C.uncertainD.unknownKeytoQuestionsLesson21.Whichgroupofpeopledoesthejobcrisisaffect?

Thejobcrisisaffectsarangeofyoungpeoplefromhighschooldropoutstocollegegrads,tonewlymintedlawyersandMBAsacrossthedevelopedworldfromBritaintoJapan.KeytoQuestionsLesson22.Whyareemployerslikelytosufferfromyoungpeople’sunemployment?

Employersarelikelytosufferfromyoungpeople’sunemploymentbecausethefreshnessandvitalityyoungpeoplebringtotheworkplaceismissingandtomorrow’swould-bestaremployeesareonthesidelines,deprivedofexperience.KeytoQuestionsLesson23.Whentoday’sunemployedfinallygetjobsintherecovery,willallofthemfeelsatisfied?

No.Whentoday’sunemployedfinallygetjobsintherecovery,manymaybedissatisfiedtobeslottedbelowpeoplewhoworkedallalong,especiallyifthenewcomersspendtheirdowntimegettingmoreeducation.KeytoQuestionsLesson24.Whichgroupdomostanalysesofyouthunemploymentfocuson?

Mostanalysesofyouthunemploymentfocusonpeopleaged16-24,whichincludeeveryonefromhighschooldropoutstowet-behind-earscollegegrads.KeytoQuestionsLesson25.Howdocollegegradsaged22-25comparewiththeiroldereducatedpeersduringthedownturn?

Collegegradsaged22-25havefaredworsethantheiroldereducatedpeersduringthedownturn.Twoyearsago,84.4%younggradshadjobs,onlysomewhatlowerthanthe86.8%figureforcollegegradsaged28-50.Sincethen,theemploymentgapbetweenthetwogroupshasalmostdoubled.KeytoQuestionsLesson26.Whataffectdoesgraduationfromcollegeinabadeconomyhaveonwages?

Graduationfromcollegeinabadeconomyhasalong-lastingnegativeeffectonwages.Foreachpercentage-pointriseintheunemploymentrate,thosewhograduatedduringtherecessionearned6%to7%lessintheirfirstyearofemploymentthantheirfortunatecounterparts.Even15yearsoutofschool,therecessiongradsearned2.5%lessthanthosewhobeganworkinginmoreprosperoustimes.

KeytoQuestionsLesson27.Whichexample,doestheauthorthink,theU.S.shouldfollow?

TheauthorthinksthattheU.S.shouldfollowtheexampleofGermany’sapprenticeshipprogram,whichguidesyoungpeoplefromhighschoolintoskilledblue-collarjobs.

KeytoQuestionsStructureAnalysisReadingSkillPartI(1-5)Jobcrisisforyoungpeopleanditsimpacts

PartIIPartIII(6-10)Society’sresponsesandanalysesofthesituation

(11-13)Reasonsforyoungpeople’smisfortune

PartIV(14)Long-lastingnegativeeffectsonwagesofcollegegradsinabadeconomy

StructureAnalysisReadingSkillPartⅤ(15-19)Measurestakentoendthejobcrisis

PartⅥPartⅦ(20-21)Effortsmadebyyoungpeople

(22-23)Prospectsofthejobsituation

Lesson2I.(1-5)Jobcrisisforyoungpeopleanditsimpacts

1.Extendedperiodofyouthjoblessness2.Impactsofyouthjoblessnessa.Employers’lossoffreshnessandvitalityattheworkplaceb.Employedyoungpeople’sdissatisfactionwiththeirlowerpayc.LowertaxpaymentsforSocialSecurityandMedicared.Collegegrads’frustration

StructureAnalysisLesson2(6-10)Society’sresponsesandanalysesofthesituation

1.Callforgovernmentaction2.Focusofmostanalyses3.ABusinessWeekanalysis4.RobertI.Sutton’sanalysis5.Severesituationforjobseekerswithoutcollegediplomas

III.

(11-13)Reasonsforyoungpeople’smisfortune

1.Employers’tendencytotakefewrisks2.Employers’tendencytovalueworkexperience3.Olderworkers’long-termcontractsStructureAnalysisLesson2IV.(14)Long-lastingnegativeeffectsonwagesofcollegegradsinabadeconomy

V.(15-19)Measurestakentoendthejobcrisis

1.Keepinghiringyoungpeopleeveninaperiodoflay-offs2.Removingobstaclesforyoungpeople’semployment3.Providingmorejobtraining4.Givingemployerstaxcreditsforhiringyoungpeople5.ExampleofGermany’sapprenticeshipprogramStructureAnalysisLesson2VI.(20-21)Effortsmadebyyoungpeople

1.Gettingfurthereducation2.Startingtheirownbusinesses

VII.(22-23)Prospectsofthejobsituation

1.Continuousrisingtideoftheunemploymentcrisis2.Possiblelonger-lastingeffects

StructureAnalysisLesson3TheYearofthe(Business)Woman

美英报刊阅读教程（第三版）Lesson3StructureAnalysisKeytoQuestions

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AdditionalNotes

BackgroundInformationContentsBackgroundInformationCEO(AmericanEnglish)referstochiefexecutiveofficer.Theresponsibilitiesofanorganization'sCEOaresetbytheorganization'sboardofdirectorsorotherauthority,dependingontheorganization'slegalstructure.Typically,theCEOhasresponsibilitiesasacommunicator,decisionmaker,leader,andmanager.Thecommunicatorrolecaninvolvethepressandtherestoftheoutsideworld,aswellastheorganization'smanagementandemployees;thedecision-makingroleinvolveshigh-leveldecisionsaboutpolicyandstrategy.Asaleader,theCEOadvisestheboardofdirectors,motivatesemployees,anddriveschangewithintheorganization.Asamanager,theCEOpresidesovertheorganization'sdailyoperations.

Lesson3TheUnitedStatesSenateTheUnitedStatesSenateistheupperhouseofthebicamerallegislatureoftheU.S.,andtogetherwiththeUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativescomprisestheUnitedStatesCongress.EachU.S.stateisrepresentedby2senators.Senatorsservestaggered6-yearterms.ElectionsandtermOriginally,senatorswereselectedbythestatelegislature,notbypopularelections.PopularelectiontotheSenatewasstandardizednationallyin1913.Senatorsservetermsof6yearseach;thetermsarestaggeredsothatapproximatelyBackgroundInformationLesson3one-thirdoftheseatsareupforelectioneverytwoyears.Amemberwhohasbeenelected,butnotyetseated,iscalleda"senator-elect";amemberwhohasbeenappointedtoaseat,butnotyetseated,iscalleda"senator-designate".ElectionsElectionstotheSenateareheldonthe1stTuesdayafterthe1stMondayinNov.ineven-numberedyears,ElectionDay,andcoincidewithelectionsfortheHouseofRepresentatives.SenatorsareelectedbytheirstateasaBackgroundInformationLesson3whole.Thewinneristhecandidatewhoreceivesapluralityofthepopularvote.Insomestates,runoffsareheldifnocandidatewinsamajority.Mid-termvacanciesThe17thAmendmentallowsgovernors,withtheapprovaloftheirlegislature,toappointtemporarysenatorsuntileitheraspecialorregularelectiontakesplace.SomestatesprovideforaspecialelectiontofillaSenatevacancy.Asenatorelectedinaspecialelectionservesuntiltheoriginalsix-yeartermexpires,notforafullterm.

BackgroundInformationLesson3KentuckySenateChamberBackgroundInformationLesson3TheConstitutionrequiresthatsenatorstakeanoathoraffirmationtosupporttheConstitution.Congresshasprescribedthefollowingoathfornewsenators:“I,______,dosolemnlyswear(oraffirm)thatIwillsupportanddefendtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesagainstallenemies,foreignanddomestic;thatIwillbeartruefaithandallegiancetothesame;thatItakethisobligationfreely,withoutanymentalreservationorpurposeofevasion;andthatIwillwellandfaithfullydischargethedutiesoftheofficeonwhichIamabouttoenter.SohelpmeGod.”BackgroundInformationLesson3USCBackgroundInformationLesson3TheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia(USC)isaprivate,researchuniversitylocatedinLosAngeles,California.Foundedin1880,USCmakesitCalifornia'soldestprivateresearchuniversity.ReflectingthestatusofLosAngelesasaglobalcity,USChasoneofthemostdiversestudentbodiesofanymajorresearchuniversity.Theuniversityhasa"veryhigh"levelofresearchactivity.InrecentyearsUSChasrisenquicklyinvariousrankings,includingtheU.S.NewssurveyofU.S.universities,to23rdplacein2011.USCstudentshailfrom112countries,andall50statesintheUnitedStates.BackgroundInformationLesson3Lesson3AdditionalNoteswomencandidatesworkedtheirwaylaboriouslyupthepoliticalladder(Line1,Para.3)—女性候选人在仕途之路上的艰难攀升

(workone’swayup:toclimbuponthesocialladderwithaneffort)ButMcMahonisoneofavanguardgroupofpowerfulbusinesswomenwhoexcelledincorporateAmerica…(Line1-2,Para.4)—但麦克马洪是在美国大公司中出类拔萃的强势女商人前锋人物之一(vanguard:theleadingpositioninanymovementorfield;excelin:tobeverygoodat)

Notallthefemalecandidatescanboastofabackgroundinbusiness(Line1,Para.11)—不是所有女性候选人都有经商的背景可以夸耀(boastof:夸耀)

Lesson3AdditionalNotesFromaDemocraticfamilywithdeeprootsinMissouri(Line2,Para.13)—来自在密苏里州有着很深根基的民主党家庭(rootoriginallyreferstotheusuallyundergroundorganwhichabsorbswaterandmineral,此处roots是隐喻的用法，意指罗宾·卡那罕人脉的深广)objectedtohermergerwithCompaq(Line3,Para.16)—反对她与康柏电脑公司的合并(objectedto:beopposedto;merger:thecombinationoftwoormorecommercialcompanies)

Lesson3Photos&DiagramsLesson3KeytoQuestions1.Theterm“corporateAmerica”inthearticlerefersto___________________.

A.anAmericangovernmentorganizationB.abigcorporationinAmericaC.America’sbigcorporationsD.theAssociationofAmerica’scompanies

Lesson3KeytoQuestions2.Whichofthefollowingclimbedupthepoliticalladderinthetraditionalway?A.NancyPelosi

B.MegWhitman

C.LindaMcMahon

D.RosaScarcel

Lesson33.Theauthor’slistofreasonsfortheincreaseofoutsiders’politicalchancesdoesNotinclude__________.

A.millionsofAmericans’lossoftheirjobsandhomesB.TeaPartyactivists’callforanendtogovernmentspendingC.unpopularityofprofessionalpoliticiansD.theAmericansociety’slong-termbroadrespectforbusinessmenKeytoQuestionsLesson34.WhichofthefollowingisNotonthelistoftraditionalavenuesforenteringpolitics?A.stateandlocalgovernmentB.lawC.businessD.educationKeytoQuestionsLesson35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNottrue?

A.Allthefemalecandidateshadabusinessbackgroundorportrayedthemselvesasbusinesswomen.B.Theoutsideexperiencemightbeanadventageforacandidateinthe2010electioncampaign.C.Malecandidateshavelongclearedaspeedlanefrombusinesstopoliti