高三英语一轮复习选择性必修第一册UNIT 5 WORKING THE LAND学案

注表示该词的熟词生义。Ⅰ.阅读单词1.hybridn. 杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车2.pollinatevt. 授粉；传粉3.domesticadj. 本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的4.strainn. (动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力5.sorghumn. 高粱；高粱米6.broomn. 扫把；扫帚；金雀花7.grainn. 谷物；谷粒；颗粒8.tunneln. 地下通道；地道；隧道9.wheatn. 小麦；小麦籽10.flavour(NAmE-vor)n. 味道；特点，特色11.fertiliser(NAmE-izer)n. 肥料12.alleviatevt. 减轻；缓解13.organicadj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的14.pesticiden. 杀虫剂；除害药物15.bacteriumn.(pl.bacteria) 细菌16.mineraln. 矿物；矿物质17.groceryn. 食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货18.batchn. 一批；一组 vt. 分批处理Ⅱ.核心单词1.tacklevt. 解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理2.crisisn.(pl.crises) 危机；危急关头3.boostvt. 使增长；使兴旺n. 增长；提高；激励4.yieldn. 产量；产出 vt. 出产(作物)；产生(收益) vi. 屈服；让步5.attainvt. (通常经过努力)获得；得到6.intenseadj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的7.overcomevt.(overcame，overcome) 克服；解决；战胜；使受巨大影响8.outputn. 产量；输出；输出量vt.(output，output) 输出9.estimatevt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算10.comprisevt. 包括；包含；由……组成11.generatevt. 产生；引起12.leisuren. 闲暇；休闲；空闲13.soiln. 泥土；土壤；国土；领土14.celebrityn. 名望，名誉；名人；名流15.realityn. 现实；实际情况；事实16.urbanadj. 城市的；都市的；城镇的17.bombn. 炸弹vt. 轰炸；对……投炸弹18.povertyn. 贫穷；贫困19.widespreadadj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的20.essentialadj. 完全必要的；极其重要的21.alternativen. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的；非传统的22.instancen. 例子；实例；事例23.rootn. 根；根茎；根部；根源24.entirelyadv. 全部地；完整地；完全地25.aspectn. 方面；层面Ⅲ.拓展单词1.devotevt.把……献(给)；专心于；把……专用于→devotionn.奉献；忠诚；挚爱→devotedadj.挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的2.shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺→shortadj.短的；矮的；缺乏的；简略的→shortenv.(使)变短，缩短3.convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincingadj.有说服力的；使人信服的→convincedadj.确信的；坚信的4.characteristicn.特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的→charactern.性格；人物，角色5.conventionaladj.传统的；习惯的→conventionn.惯例；习俗；公约，协议；常规6.expandvt.&vi.扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansionn.扩大；扩张；扩充7.visionn.想象；视力；视野；影像→envisionvt.展望；想象8.saltyadj.含盐的；咸的→saltn.盐9.extensionn.扩建部分；扩大；电话分机→extendvt.伸开；展开；延伸→extensiveadj.广阔的；大规模的；广泛的10.chemicaladj.与化学有关的；化学的n.化学制品；化学品→chemistryn.化学→chemicallyadv.化学上地→chemistn.化学家；药剂师11.nutritionaladj.营养(物)的→nutritiousadj.有营养的；营养丰富的→nutritionn.营养；滋养12.digestvt.&vi.消化vt.领会；领悟n.摘要；文摘→digestionn.消化；消化能力13.depthn.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)→deepadj.深的→deeplyadv.深深地；强烈地→deepenvt.&vi.加深；(使)变深14.assumptionn.假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权力的)获得→assumev.假定；设想；承担→assumingconj.假定；假设15.consumptionn.消耗；消耗量；消费→consumevt.消耗；消费；吃；喝→consumern.消费者；用户；顾客构词法：名词后缀-th，表示行为、性质、状态、情况直接加-th①warm→warmth温暖②grow→growth成长去e加-th③true→truth真理④wide→width宽度特殊形式⑤deep→depth深度⑥long→length长度⑦strong→strength力量Ⅳ.重点短语1.becomprisedof 包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)2.devote...to 把……用于；献身；致力；专心3.causedamageto 对……造成损害4.berichin 富含……；……含量高5.dependon 依靠6.focuson 关注；聚焦7.deepdown 在内心深处；本质上；实际上8.forinstance 例如；比如9.farfrom 远非；绝不是10.inturn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流Ⅴ.经典句型1.句型：what引导主语从句However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，最让他担心的是，农民常常收成不好，有时甚至严重缺乏食物。2.句型：it作形式主语Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60％来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物，这些品种(形成的作物)让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨稻米。3.句型：giventhat引导状语从句GiventhatYuan’shybridsmadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于(devotedadj.深爱的；忠诚的devotionn.奉献；忠诚；挚爱)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Devoted(devote)toscientificresearchwholeheartedly，hespendslittletimewithhisfamily.②Sheislovednotonlybecauseofherdevotion(devote)tohercareer，butalsobecauseofherhugeinfluenceonthesportofvolleyball. [北师选必一]③我想介绍一位中国历史上致力于教育事业的杰出人物——孔子。 (2023·全国甲卷；人物介绍)IwouldliketointroduceanoutstandingfigureinChinesehistory，Confucius，whodevotedhimselfto/wasdevotedtoeducation.(定语从句)后归纳(1)devote...to(doing)sth 把……奉献给(做)某事；把……专注于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth 致力于(做)某事；献身于(做)某事(2)bedevotedto(doing)sth 专心于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服(convincedadj.确信的；坚信的convincingadj.令人信服的)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Myteacherconvincedmetotake(take)upthechallengeandIdecidedtoparticipateinthewritingcompetition.②他看着前方长长的跑道，眼中充满决心，坚信自己有能力冲过终点线。(续写神态和心理描写)Helookedatthelongtrackahead，hiseyesfilledwithdetermination，firmlyconvincedofhisabilitytocrossthefinishline.③我坚信诚实的重要性，这将有助于构建一个温暖与和谐的社会。 (2024·新课标卷续写；主旨升华)I’mfirmlyconvincedofthesignificanceofhonesty，whichwillcontributetobuildingawarmandharmonioussociety.后归纳(1)convincesbofsth 使某人确信某事convincesbthat... 使某人相信……convincesbtodosth 说服某人做某事(2)beconvinced(that...)/of... (某人)坚信……assumptionn.假定，假设；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得(assumev.假定；假设；认为)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Wemakeanassumption(assume)thateveryoneinvitedwillturnupatthepartyandismakingpreparations.②Assuming(assume)thatIamelectedchairman，Iwillorganizemorecolorfulafter-classactivitiestoenrichourschoollife. (申请信)③人们认为，喝中国茶不仅能提神，还能提高记忆力。ItisassumedthatnotonlycandrinkingChinesetearefreshusbutitcanalsostrengthenourmemory.后归纳(1)ontheassumptionthat... 假定……makeanassumption 假设(2)assumesb/sth(tobe)＋形容词/名词 假定/认为某人/某事(为)……Itisgenerallyassumedthat... 人们普遍认为……(3)assuming(that)... 假设……alternativen.可供选择的事物adj.可供替代的；非传统的(alternativelyadv.可供选择地)先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Assumingthatyouareavailable，Icancometoyourhouse，oralternatively(alternative)，wecanmeetinthetown.②我们只能勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。 (续写主旨升华)Wehavenoalternativebuttofacefailurebravelyandlearnfromit.③首先，共享单车已成为城市出行的象征，为短途出行提供了一种经济实惠且绿色的选择。 (2024·全国甲卷；发言稿)Firstly，sharedbicycleshaveemergedasasymbolofurbantransportation，offeringanaffordableandgreenalternativeforshorttrips.后归纳havenoalternative/choicebuttodosth 只得做某事there’snoalternativebuttodosth 别无选择只好做某事analternativeto... ……的替代品inturn相应地；转而；依次；轮流先练透用turn短语的正确形式填空/完成句子Somestudentrepresentatives①tookturnstodeliverspeechesatthecoming-of-ageceremony.Finally，it②wasmyturn.Personally，inthepastitwasourparentsandteachersthathelpedusinmanyaspectsand③inturn，weshouldgiveahelpinghandtothemfromnowon.Forinstance，weandourparentscandohousework④byturns. (2020·天津卷；书面表达)⑤事实证明，当我在写作比赛中获得了第一名时，我的努力得到了回报。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷读后续写)ItturnedoutthatmyeffortspaidoffwhenItookfirstplaceinthewritingcontest.后归纳inone’sturn 轮到某人；接着byturns 轮流；交替地taketurnstodosth 轮流做某事Itisone’sturntodosth 轮到某人做某事Itturns/turnedoutthat... 结果是……句型公式：giventhat...引导条件状语从句【教材原句】GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldhaveretiredtoalifeofleisure.鉴于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种已经让他变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休过一种休闲的生活。先练透单句语法填空/完成句子①Considering(consider)thatnoonehelpedusfrightenawaythepolarbear，wehadnoalternativebuttosaveourselves.②考虑到没有人帮他，他立即抓牢自行车，用尽全力把它扔向了狼。 (动作链)Giventhattherewasnobodytohelphim，heinstantlyseizedthebiketightlyandthrewittowardsthewolfwithallhisstrength.③鉴于你对中国的传统节日端午节非常感兴趣，我写信向你介绍这一节日。GiventhatyouarekeenonthetraditionalChinesefestival—DragonBoatFestival，Iamwritingtointroduceittoyou.后归纳(1)giventhat在句中作连词，表“考虑到”，相当于considering；given可作介词，表“考虑到；只要是；假定；已知”。(2)其他类似用法assuming(that)假设；假定supposing(that)假如；如果1.overcomevt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜【诵读领悟】①ThenightbeforethetestIwasovercomebyfearanddespair.考试前的晚上，恐惧和绝望让我内心无比惊慌。②Seeingmyfriendovercomewithgrief，IwassoanxiousthatIwaslikeacatonhotbricks.(续写情绪描写)看到朋友悲痛欲绝，我焦急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。③Hewasovercomewithregretformissinghisdaughter’sgraduationceremonyashesawthedisappointmentinhereyesinthephotos.看着照片里女儿眼中的失落，他因错过了女儿的毕业典礼而充满懊悔。【佳句仿写】我既怕又怒，抓住她的手臂，把她拽进房间。Overcome/Consumedwithfearandanger，Igrabbedherarm，anddraggedherintotheroom.beovercomewithhomesickness 乡愁满肠beovercomewithgrief 悲不自胜beovercomewithregret 后悔不已2.rootvt.&vi.(使)生根vi.翻寻【诵读领悟】①Whenshesuddenlysawthehugebearwalkingoutoftheforest，shewasrootedtothespot，tooscaredtomove.当她突然看到那只巨大的熊从森林里走出来时，整个人都僵在原地，太害怕了，以至于不敢动弹。②Whenheheardhisnamecalledonthestage，hestoodrootedtothespotforamomentbeforewalkingup.当听到舞台上叫到自己的名字时，他在原地愣了一下才走上前。【佳句仿写】Raisinghereyebrowsinsurprise，Rossifroze，asifrootedtotheground.罗西惊讶地扬起眉毛，呆住了，仿佛定在了地上。standrootedtothespot 一动不动地站在原地berootedtotheground 呆立在原地维度一词汇语境运用1.Facedwithsuchaseveresituation，humanbeingshavenoalternativebuttocooperate(cooperate)witheachothertotackletheoceancrisis.2.Hedevotedallhisenergytolearning(learn)andhishardworkpaidoffbecausehesoontoppedinhisentireschool.3.[上外选必四]Overthepast40yearsofreformandopening-up，theChinesepeoplehaveemergedfrompoverty(poor)tomoderateprosperity.4.(2024·浙江1月卷)Theonlywaytoovercome(overcome)achallengeistobreakitintosmaller，moremanageableparts.5.Ifoundhisspeechconvincing(convince)andhewouldcallonmorepeopletoworkoutregularly.6.Theathletewonthechampionshipandreceivedalargeamountofprizemoney，boosting(boost)hisconfidenceandenablinghimtotrainevenharder.7.Astheeducatorputsit，expanding(expand)yourknowledgebyreadingmorebooksisawisechoice.8.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Travelpromotesunderstanding，expands(expand)ourminds，makesusbetterpeople，andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities，buttherapidgrowth(grow)oftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.维度二阅读理解清障Ⅰ.熟词生义、一词多义猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思1.Who’sbeenrootingaroundinmydesk？ vi.翻寻2.Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet，soundcannowcreatesilence. vi.渴望3.ThemusicalwasacompletebombonBroadway. n.彻底的失败4.I’vebeenfarmingsheeponahillsidefor54years. vt.饲养5.(2022·全国乙卷)Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication，suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat. n.替代品根据语境选择加黑词的含义6.yieldn.产量；产出vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服；让步①Theyieldofcornthisyearwashigherthanexpectedduetofavourableweatherconditions. n.产量；产出②Thenewfarmingtechniqueshaveyieldedbettercropsandhigherprofitsforthefarmers. vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)③Afteralongdebate，hefinallyyieldedtohisparents’wishesandchosetostudylaw. vi.屈服；让步7.digestvt.&vi.消化vt.领会；领悟n.文摘；摘要①Ittookmealongtimetodigestthetheoryputforwardatthemeeting. vt.领会；领悟②Thisfooddigestswell，soyoucanfeedittoyourbaby. vi.消化③Iwillsendyouamonthlynewsdigestasabirthdaygift. n.文摘Ⅱ.构词法构词法名词或形容词后缀-al表示“性质，状态”等；名词后缀-ment表示“行为动作的过程和结果”等；名词后缀-ship表示“身份，关系”等指出下列黑体词的含义1.(2025·全国一卷)InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople，amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld. n.所有权；拥有权2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Whenwomenareputintopositionsofleadershiplikerunningcompanies，itreducesnegativestereotypesaboutwomen. n.领导职位；领导角色3.(2025·北京卷)Socialcomparisonsdo，ofcourse，oftengetusintoemotionaltrouble.Buttheycanbeharnessed(利用)forourbettermentifweunderstandhowtheywork. n.改善，改进4.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Someareclassicshortstories，andsomeareneworiginalworks. adj.原创的Part1.应用文增分练(活动报道—珍惜粮食)10月16日是世界粮食日(WorldFoodDay)，你校为了提高学生珍惜粮食的意识举办了一系列活动。假定你是校英语报的记者，请你为校英语报写一篇活动报道。内容要点包括：1.活动过程；2.活动反响。用本单元所学词汇、句式完成下面的应用文【布局谋篇】开篇：点明活动时间＋目的IncelebrationofWorldFoodDayonOctober16th，①ourschoolorganizedaseriesofactivitiestoarousethestudents’awarenessoffoodcrisis(我校组织了一系列活动，以提高学生对粮食危机的认识).中段：介绍活动过程Thedaykickedoffwithavideo②wherestudentslearnedaboutglobalfoodchallengesandtheneedtoreducefoodwaste(学生们在视频中了解了全球粮食问题和减少食物浪费的必要性).Followingthat，engagingworkshopsdiscussed③howessentialitistodevelopsustainableeatinghabits(养成可持续饮食习惯的重要性).④Studentswereurgedtotakeonlywhattheycouldconsume(学校敦促学生按量取餐)，andleftoverswerecollectedfordonationtolocalcharities.结尾：活动反响Needlesstosay，theeventgeneratedwidespreadattention.Itnotonlyremindedusoftheresponsibilitywebearfortacklingglobalfoodsecurity，butalsopromotedourawarenessofcherishingandconservingfood.【多元表达】⑤Needlesstosay，theeventgeneratedwidespreadattention.Itnotonlyremindedusoftheresponsibilitywebearfortacklingglobalfoodsecurity，butalsopromotedourawarenessofcherishingandconservingfood.(升级为定语从句)→Needlesstosay，theeventgeneratedwidespreadattention，whichnotonlyremindedusoftheresponsibilitywebearfortacklingglobalfoodsecurity，butalsopromotedourawarenessofcherishingandconservingfood.Part2.读后续写提能练拓展语料积累动作描写“手部”动作【语言素材】自己的手①clapone’shands 鼓掌②raise/putup/holdupone’shand 举手③holdout/stretchoutone’shand 伸出手 ④openone’shands 张开双手⑤spreadone’shands 摊开双手 ⑥cup...inone’shands 将……捧在手心⑦extend/holdout/stretchoutahand 伸出一只手⑧cupone’shand(s) 使手窝成杯状别人的手①reachforsb’shand 伸手拉某人的手②holdsb’shand 抓住某人的手③shakehandswithsb 与某人握手④takesb’shand 牵某人的手⑤handinhand 手拉手【靓句表达】1.Withoutthinking，Iheldmyhandupsothetruckdriverwouldn’tmoveforward，andbentdowntolookatthebutterfly.我不假思索地举起手不让卡车司机往前走，然后弯下腰去看那只蝴蝶。2.Sheputherhandstohercheeksinembarrassment.窘迫之中她用双手捂住了脸。3.Herhandsshook/trembledassheliftedtheglasstoherlips.她的手颤抖着把杯子送到唇边。4.Heshookmyhandsasifwewerelonglostfriends.他握住我的手好像我们是失散多年的朋友。5.Afterhefinishedhisperformance，thewholeaudienceclappedtheirhandsenthusiastically.他演奏完后，全场观众都热烈地鼓起了掌。6.Afteryearsofmisunderstanding，hefinallystretchedouthishandtohisbrother，hopingtomakeup.历经多年的误会，他终于向弟弟伸出手，希望能重归于好。续写语料运用用表“手部”动作的表达补全下面的微场景并背诵微场景：人与动物——救助蜂鸟时的“手部”动作——2023·浙江1月卷续写“救助蜂鸟”片段Itwasahummingbird(蜂鸟)，desperatelytryingtoescape.Shewascoveredinspider-webs(蛛网)andwasbarelyabletomoveherwings.SheceasedherstruggletheinstantIpickedherup.①Withthebirdinmycuppedhand(捧着那只蜂鸟，with复合结构作状语)，Ilookedaroundtoseehowshehadgottenin.Thebrokenwindowglasswasthelikelyanswer.Istuffedapieceofclothintotheholeandtookheroutside，closingthedoorsecurelybehindme.WhenI②openedmyhand(打开手)，thebirddidnotflyaway；shesatlookingatmewithherbrighteyes.单元测评21UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND(限时：35分钟满分：50分)Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共37.5分)A(2026·青岛市高三调研)ProducingandconsumingclothingisamajorsourceofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Thefashionindustryisestimatedtoaccountfor8％to10％ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions—morethanallinternationalflightsandseashippingcombined.Fromgrowingcottontodyeing(染色)fabrics，everystepintheclothingsupplychainleavesacarbonfootprint.Muchoftheimpactcomesfromenergy-intensiveindustrialprocesses.Here’sabreakdownoftheemissionsin2018acrossdifferentstagesofclothingproduction.Makingclothesmoresustainableisn’tjustaboutcuttingemissions—it’salsoaboutchoosingtherightmaterials.Fabricsneedtobenotonlycomfortableandaffordable，butalsolong-lastingandlow-impact.Eachmaterialhasitsownchallengesandenvironmentalcost.Whilenoperfectsolutionexistsyet，arangeofalternativesareemerging.“Thisshifttowardsustainablefashionisglobal，andtheextentoftransformationneededisunlikeanythingwe’veseenbefore，”saysStellaMcCartney，apioneerinethical(道德上的)fashiondesign.It’sestimatedthatfashionconsumptioncouldgrowby60％by2030，puttingevenmorepressureonresources.Still，expertsbelievethatcirculardesignandmaterialinnovationcandriverealchange，keepingpacewiththesweepingtrendofenergyconservationandemissionreduction.“Thefutureoffashionisrestorativeandregenerativebydesign，”saysMcCartney.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了服装产业是全球二氧化碳排放的主要来源，为了使其能够更加持续性发展，一些更合适、更环保的替代材料正在出现。专家相信，循环设计和材料的创新会是时尚产业的未来。1.Whichstagereleasedthegreatestamountofgreenhousegasin2018？A.Fibreproduction.B.Yarnpreparation.C.Fabricproduction.D.Dyeingandfinishing.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“Here’sabreakdownoftheemissionsin2018acrossdifferentstagesofclothingproduction.”及图可知，图中的“36％Dyeingandfinishing”是排放量最多的生产阶段。故选D。2.Whatdothesealternativeshaveincommon？A.Theyareanimal-friendly.B.Theycomefromplantsources.C.Theyaimtolessenenvironmentalimpact.D.Theyrequirelessenergyduringproduction.答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据“ALTERNATIVES”图表中各替代材料的“organiccottonusesfarlesswaterandenergy，helpingreducepollutionandprotectthesoil”，“recycledpolyesterlowersrelianceonnon-renewablefuels”，“Improvedlanduseandanimalcarereducemethaneemissionsfromsheepfarmingandcutwool’senvironmentalcost.”，“Madefrommushroomsorpineappleleaves，plantleatherofferscruelty-freealternativestotraditionalleather.”和“certifiedrayonhelpspreventdeforestationandprotectsbiodiversity”可知，这些替代材料都有环保作用，旨在减少对环境的影响。故选C。3.WhatdoesMcCartneystressregardingthefutureoffashion？A.Itistolastandadapt.B.Itistoreduceresourceusage.C.Itistomeetdifferentpeople’sneeds.D.Itistoencourageconsciousconsumption.答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’sestimatedthatfashionconsumptioncouldgrowby60％by2030...andemissionreduction.‘Thefutureoffashionisrestorativeandregenerativebydesign，’saysMcCartney.”可推知，麦卡特强调了时尚产业的未来是通过循环设计和材料创新推动变革，从而减少资源的使用，缓解压力。故选B。B(2025·济南市高考针对性训练)EstherKimani，a29-year-oldpioneerinagritech，ischangingthelivesofsmallholderfarmersacrossAfrica.AsthefounderofFarmerLifelineTechnologies(FLT)，shehasappliedartificialintelligence(AI)tofightagainstcroppests(害虫)anddiseases，significantlyreducinglossesforruralfarmers.Kimani’sjourneybeganinasmallKenyanvillageontheAberdareMountains.Witnessingfirsthandthesevereimpactofpestsanddiseasesontheircrops—andconsequently，theirincome—sheunderstoodearlyhowagriculturallossescouldmeanunmetbasicneedslikeschoolfeesandhealthcare.Despitethesechallenges，Kimanibecamethefirstgirlfromhervillagetoattenduniversity，studyingcomputerscience.Itwastherethatsherecognizedthepotentialoftechnologytosolveruralfarmers’struggles，andthat’showFLTwasborn.InKenyaalone，7.5millionsmallholderfarmersloseupto50％oftheiryield(产量)topestsanddiseasesannually—lossesthatcouldfeedmillions.Traditionalsolutionslikehiringagriculturalconsultantsorusingdrones(无人机)areprohibitivelyexpensive.Tosolvethiscriticalissue，shedevelopedanAI-poweredcamera，whichissetuponfarmsatnoupfrontcost.ItscanscropscontinuouslyandwarnsfarmersthroughShortMessageService(SMS)for$3permonthwhenpestsordiseasesaredetected.AkeyfocusforKimaniissupportingwomenfarmers，whomakeup43％oftheagriculturallaborforceindevelopingnations，butwhooftenlackaccesstotechnology.“Meninruralcommunitiestendtohavesmartphones，whilewomenrelyonbasicfeaturephones，”shenotes.“ThroughSMS，weensurewomenaren’tleftbehind.”Kimani’sinnovationhasalreadyimpactedthousandsoffarmers，78％ofwhomhavereportedayieldincreaseofover36％.Herteamaimstoreach200thousandfarmsacrossthecountrywithinfiveyears.ForKimani，successin2030meansseeing200thousandsmallholderfarmerslivingwithdignity—affordingeducation，healthcare，andfinancialstabilitythroughimprovedyields.Kimaniisnotjustbuildingacompany；she’sreshapingthefutureofAfricanagriculture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了29岁的农业技术先驱EstherKimani通过创立FarmerLifelineTechnologies(FLT)，利用人工智能技术帮助非洲小农户对抗作物病虫害，显著减少损失并改善农民生活的故事。4.WhydidKimanifoundFLT？A.Tofundruralfarmers.B.Totransformfarming.C.ToexpandAIindustry.D.Toresearchcroptypes.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Itwastherethatsherecognizedthepotentialoftechnologytosolveruralfarmers’struggles，andthat’showFLTwasborn.”可知，Kimani创立FLT的初衷是通过技术解决农民的困境，即改造农业。故选B。5.HowdoestheAI-poweredcamerahelpfarmers？A.Bysendingthemtimelywarnings.B.Byconnectingthemtoconsultants.C.Bycontrollingdronestoscancrops.D.Bydrivingpestsawayautomatically.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“ItscanscropscontinuouslyandwarnsfarmersthroughShortMessageService(SMS)for$3permonthwhenpestsordiseasesaredetected.”可知，AI摄像头通过向农民发送及时警告来帮助他们。故选A。6.WhatisanadvantageofKimani’sinnovation？A.Equalaccess. B.Tailoredservice.C.Largestorage. D.Easymaintenance.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，Kimani的创新确保了女性农民也能被纳入技术帮助的范围内，即体现了平等获取技术帮助的优势。故选A。7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph？A.Financialpoliciesaffectagriculture.B.Africanagriculturewilltakethelead.C.Kimaniwillpursuefurthereducation.D.Kimani’sinnovationpowersabrightfuture.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段前三句可知，Kimani的创新已经取得了显著成效，并且她的团队有着明确的目标和愿景，即改善更多农民的生活。由此可推知，Kimani的创新将推动农业走向光明前景。故选D。C(2025·江西省部分学校5月份联考)TheProduceAggregationProgram，runbySouthsideCommunityLandTrust(SCLT)，connectssmall-scaleurbanfarmerswithlocalcommunitiesinneedofhealthyfood.Theprogramcollectsandprocessescropsfrommultiplefarmers，combiningthemintolargerquantitiesforwholesaledistribution.Thishelpsovercomechallengessmallfarmsface，suchaslimitedproductioncapacityandlackofaccesstoprocessingfacilitiesanddistributionnetworks.SCLToperatesafarm-to-marketprocessingcenterandmanageslogistics(后勤)forregulardistribution.Theprogramsupports27farmers，manyofwhomarerefugees，immigrants，ormembersofmarginalizedcommunities.Whilemanyofthefarmersstillrelyonfarmermarkets，theprogramprovidesamorestableincomesource.Twiceweeklyduringthegrowingseason，SCLTordersproducefromparticipatingfarmers，whodeliverittothefoodhub.There，itissortedandpackedinto$20-valuebags，eachcontainingavarietyoffreshproduce.Thesearedistributedatnocostthroughcommunitypartnerssuchasclinics，recreationcenters，andchildcareprograms.SomeclinicsdistributetheproducethroughVeggieRx，aprogramwheredoctorsprescribe(开处方)vegetablestopatients.TheprogramiscurrentlyfundedbytheLocalFoodPurchaseAssistanceCooperativeAgreementProgram，whichwaslaunchedtosupportunderservedfarmersandincreasefoodaccess.However，fundinguncertaintyremainsachallenge.Risingcosts，supplychainissues，limitedlandavailability，andclimatechangealladdstraintofoodassistanceprograms.Despitetheseobstacles，SCLTcontinuesitsyear-roundworktoimprovefoodaccess.InadditiontotheProduceAggregationProgram，thenon-profitsupports60communitygardens，offerstraining，andrunseducationalprogramsandinternships.Altogether，itseffortsprovidehealthy，culturallyrelevantfoodtoabout1，200familiesannually，withthesupportoflocalfarmers，volunteers，andcommunitypartners.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍农产品聚合计划帮助小农户和社区的情况。8.WhatdoestheProduceAggregationProgrammainlydoforsmallfarms？A.Improvetheirproductionability.B.Gathercropsforlargesales.C.Offerfreeprocessingequipment.D.Sharpentheirplantingskills.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Theprogramcollectsandprocessescropsfrommultiplefarmers，combiningthemintolargerquantitiesforwholesaledistribution.”可知，农产品聚合计划的核心功能是将多个小农场的农产品收集起来，合并成更大的数量以便进行批发销售。故选B。9.HowdoestheProduceAggregationProgramensurestableincomeforfarmers？A.Byhiringthemtodofarmwork.B.Byaddingproducevariety.C.Bycountingonfarmermarkets.D.Byprovidingordersregularly.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whilemanyofthefarmersstillrelyonfarmermarkets，theprogramprovidesamorestableincomesource.”以及第三段中“Twiceweeklyduringthegrowingseason，SCLTordersproducefromparticipatingfarmers，whodeliverittothefoodhub.”可知，农产品聚合计划通过定期向农民订购农产品，为农民提供了一个稳定的收入来源。故选D。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“strain”inParagraph4mean？A.Burden. B.Gain.C.Hope. D.Duty.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中“However，fundinguncertaintyremainsachallenge.Risingcosts，supplychainissues，limitedlandavailability，andclimatechangealladdstraintofoodassistanceprograms.”可知，该句描述了食品援助计划面临的多种挑战，这些挑战都给计划带来了额外的压力或负担，故strain意为“压力；负担”，与A项意思相近。故选A。11.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext？A.FightingUrbanPovertyB.NewStrugglesforSmallFarmsC.FeedingtheNeighborsD.NewTrendsinUrbanFarming答案：C解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段可知，文章主要介绍了SouthsideCommunityLandTrust(SCLT)运行的农产品聚合计划，该计划通过连接小规模城市农民和需要健康食品的当地社区，为社区提供新鲜农产品，并帮助农民解决销售问题。文章的核心是关于如何为社区提供健康食品，并促进社区与农民之间的合作。故选C。D(2026·深圳市多校第一次质量检测)Acornplantknowshowtofindwaterinsoilwiththeverytipsofitsroots，butsomevarieties，includingmanyusedfordevelopinghigh-outputcornintheU.S.，appeartohavelostpartofthatability，accordingtoaStanford-ledstudy.Withclimatechangeincreasingdroughts，thefindingsholdpotentialfordevelopingmoredrought-resistantvarietiesofcorn.Thestudy，publishedinthejournalScience，uncoversgeneticmechanisms(遗传机制)behind“hydropatterning”，orhowplantrootsbranchtowardwaterandavoiddryspacesinsoil.Inparticular，theresearchersdiscoveredthatethylene，aplanthormone(激素)knowntohelpbananasripen，alsoinfluenceshowrootsgrowtoseekwater.Forthisstudy，theresearchersdevelopedanew，simplifiedwaytostudywatersensitivityinroots.TheyfoundcornvarietiesadaptedtohotandwetregionslikeMexicowereverygoodatmakingnewrootbranchestowardwaterandavoidingdryareas.Incontrast，thevarietiesadaptedtomoderateregionsofNorthAmericafrequentlygrewrootsrandomlywithoutdistinguishingbetweendryandwetareasinthesoil.“Interestingly，theplantsthatarebetteratsensingwherethewaterisarealsomakingdeeperrootsystems，”saidleadauthorJohannesScharwies.“Oneideaisthatiftheplantdoesn’twastetimegrowingrootbranchesintoplaceswhereitdoesn’tfindanywaterandnutrients，thenithasmoreenergytogrowdeeperdownwherewaterismorelikely.”Geneticanalysesrevealtwoplanthormones，auxinandethylene，playaroleinhowcornrootsrespondtowater.Whileauxinwasalreadyknowntohelpcontrolthisprocess，ethylene’sinvolvementwasanewdiscovery.Inexperimentswiththalecress—amodelplantoftenusedinresearch—theresearchersfoundauxinsignalingpromotesrootbranchdevelopmenttowardwater，whileethylenestopsbranchingwhentherootisexposedtoair.Furtherresearchisneededtobetterunderstandtheinteractionofthesegeneticpathwaysbeforecornvarietiescanbedevelopedwithmoredrought-resistantrootsystems，butthefindingshighlightthesignificanceofstudyingtheselocalizedresponsesatroottips，researcherssaid.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是斯坦福大学领导的一项研究揭示了玉米根系如何感知土壤水分并生长分支的遗传机制。12.WhatistheprimaryfocusoftheStanford-ledstudy？A.Drought-resistantcornvarieties.B.Ethylene’seffectonfruitripening.C.Geneticregulationofrootbranching.D.Impactofclimatechangeonplantroots.答案：C解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Thestudy，publishedinthejournalScience，uncoversgeneticmechanisms(遗传机制)behind‘hydropatterning’，orhowplantrootsbranchtowardwaterandavoiddryspacesinsoil.”可知，斯坦福大学领导的这项研究的主要焦点是根分枝的遗传调控。故选C。13.WhatcanbeinferredfromJohannesScharwies’remarks？A.Planthormonesmakeabigdifferencetorootgrowth.B.Nutrientsguaranteebetterwater-seekingrootsystems.C.Rootbranchingconservesenergyforhigherproduction.D.Strongerhydropatterningwaslinkedtogreaterrootdepth.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“‘