人教版高中英语高二年级第8章课后练习及答案

人教版高中英语高二年级第8章课后练习及答案第1页共1页人教版高中英语高二年级第8章课后练习及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whatdoestheword"ubiquitous"mostlikelymeaninthecontextofthepassage?A.RareanduniqueB.WidespreadandcommonC.ExpensiveandluxuriousD.Ancientandoutdated参考答案：B2.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingisamajoradvantageofrenewableenergysources?A.TheyaremoreexpensivetoinstallB.TheyproduceharmfulbyproductsC.TheyarelimitedinsupplyD.Theyreducegreenhousegasemissions参考答案：D3.Ifastudentscores85%onatest,howmanypointsdidtheyearnoutofapossible100?A.15B.85C.100D.115参考答案：B4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescorrectlyusesthepastperfecttense?A.Shehadwrittentheletterbeforehearrived.B.Theywillhavefinishedtheprojectbytomorrow.C.Hehaseatendinneralready.D.Wewerewalkingwhenitstartedtorain.参考答案：A5.Inatrianglewithanglesmeasuring45°and90°,whatisthemeasureofthethirdangle?A.30°B.45°C.60°D.90°参考答案：C6.Whatistheslopeofthelinerepresentedbytheequationy=3x-4?A.-3B.3C.4D.-4参考答案：B7.Ifaboxcontains5redballs,3blueballs,and2greenballs,whatistheprobabilityofrandomlyselectingablueball?A.1/10B.3/10C.5/10D.7/10参考答案：B8.Whichofthefollowingisacorrecttranslationof"Lebensversicherung"intoEnglish?A.LifeexpectancyB.LifeinsuranceC.HealthinsuranceD.Carinsurance参考答案：B9.Whatisthevalueoftheexpression2^3+4^2?A.18B.24C.28D.36参考答案：C10.Ifatraintravelsataspeedof60milesperhour,howfarwillittravelin3hours?A.20milesB.60milesC.180milesD.360miles参考答案：C二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.TheweatherinLondonisoften________.参考答案：changeable2.Sheisinterestedin________music.参考答案：classical3.Wearelookingforwardto________ourgrandparentsthisweekend.参考答案：seeing4.Heisgoodat________English.参考答案：speaking5.Thebookisonthe________.参考答案：table6.Isawhim________theparkyesterdayafternoon.参考答案：in7.Theywenttothe________bybus.参考答案：cinema8.Thisisthe________timeIhavevisitedthismuseum.参考答案：first9.Themeetingwillbeheldat________o'clockthisafternoon.参考答案：seven10.Sheis________tofinishherhomeworkontime.参考答案：able三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.参考答案：√2."Haveyouevertraveledabroad?"isanexampleofaquestionaskingaboutapastexperience.参考答案：√3.Themodalverb"must"isusedtoexpressnecessityorobligationinthepresent.参考答案：×4.Inreportedspeech,theverbtenseusuallychangesfrompresenttopast.参考答案：×5.Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhentheperformeroftheactionisunknownorunimportant.参考答案：√6.Theadverb"too"isplacedbeforetheadjectiveinasentence.参考答案：√7.Therelativepronoun"which"canbeusedtorefertopeople.参考答案：×8.Theconjunction"so"isusedtoshowcauseandeffectbetweentwoclauses.参考答案：√9.Thegerundformofaverbcanfunctionasasubjectinasentence.参考答案：√10.Theword"decision"isanoun.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.请简述什么是定语从句及其在句子中的作用。参考答案：定语从句是修饰或限定名词或代词的从句，通常跟在名词或代词后面。它在句子中的作用是提供更多关于先行词的信息，使句子表达更具体、更清晰。2.列举三个以"which"引导的定语从句的例子，并说明其先行词分别是什么。参考答案：①"Themoviewhichwewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting."先行词是"movie"；②"ThecitywhichhasthetallestbuildingsisShanghai."先行词是"city"；③"Theproblemwhichwearediscussingisverycomplex."先行词是"problem"。3.说明在什么情况下需要使用关系代词"that"而不是"which"引导定语从句。参考答案：当先行词是表示物而非人时，通常使用"that"而不是"which"；当先行词被"the"、"this"、"that"等限定时，通常使用"that"；当先行词有"all"、"any"、"everything"、"something"、"nothing"等不定代词时，通常使用"that"。4.解释名词性从句的概念，并说明其在句子中的主要功能。参考答案：名词性从句是充当名词成分的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。它在句子中的主要功能是充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。5.列举一个包含主语从句的句子，并分析其结构。参考答案：句子"Thefactthathepassedtheexammadeushappy."包含主语从句。结构6.说明宾语从句与定语从句的主要区别。参考答案：宾语从句是充当动词或介词宾语的从句，通常由"that"、"what"、"how"、"whether"等引导；定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常由"who"、"which"、"that"、"when"、"where"等引导。主要区别在于功能不同，宾语从句在句子中充当宾语，而定语从句修饰先行词。7.解释如何使用"too...to..."结构来表达否定意义。参考答案：使用"too...to..."结构表达否定意义，表示“太...以至于不能...”。例如，“Heistootiredtowalkfurther.”表示“他太累了以至于不能继续走”。8.请简述虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用规则。参考答案：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议。结构通常为"if+主语+动词过去式（或were），主语+动词原形"。例如，“IfIhadmoretime，Iwouldstudyharder.”表示“如果我有更多时间，我会更努力学习”。五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）Thelocalcommunitycenterishostingaseriesofworkshopsaimedatimprovingresidents'skillsandknowledge.Thefirstworkshop,scheduledfornextSaturday,isabasiccookingclassledbyarenownedchef.Thechefwillteachparticipantshowtopreparesimple,healthymealsusingfreshingredients.Theclassisdesignedforbeginnersandwillcoverfundamentalcookingtechniques.Participantswillhavetheopportunitytopracticetheirskillsunderthechef'sguidance.Theworkshopisfree,butspaceislimited,sointerestedindividualsareencouragedtosignupearly.Thesecondworkshop,takingplacethefollowingSunday,isagardeningseminar.Experiencedgardenerswillsharetheirtipsongrowingvegetablesandflowersinsmallspaces.Bothworkshopsareopentothepublicandarepartofthecommunitycenter'songoingefforttopromotehealthyliving.1.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheworkshops?A.ToraisemoneyforthecommunitycenterB.ToteachresidentsnewskillsandknowledgeC.ToprovideentertainmentforlocalchildrenD.Toorganizesocialeventsforteenagers参考答案：B2.Whenisthebasiccookingclassscheduled?A.NextSundayB.ThefollowingSaturdayC.NextSaturdayD.ThefollowingSunday参考答案：C3.Whowillleadthebasiccookingclass?A.LocalgardenersB.ExperiencedchefsC.TeenagersD.Communityvolunteers参考答案：B4.Whatwillparticipantslearninthebasiccookingclass?A.HowtogrowvegetablesB.BasiccookingtechniquesC.HowtoorganizesocialeventsD.Howtoraisemoney参考答案：B5.Isthebasiccookingclassfree?A.Yes,butspaceislimitedB.No,thereisafeeforparticipationC.Yes,andspaceisunlimitedD.No,itisonlyformembers参考答案：A6.Whatwillthegardeningseminarcover?A.CookingtechniquesB.GrowingvegetablesandflowersC.OrganizingsocialeventsD.Raisingmoneyforthecommunity参考答案：B7.Whoisthegardeningseminaropento?A.OnlyteenagersB.OnlychildrenC.ThepublicD.Membersonly参考答案：C8.Whatisthecommunitycenter'sgoalwiththeseworkshops?A.ToprovideentertainmentB.TopromotehealthylivingC.ToraisemoneyD.Toteachsocialskills参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：Theword"ubiquitous"meanswidespreadandcommon,asitisoftenusedtodescribesomethingthatispresenteverywhere.OptionAisincorrectbecause"rareandunique"meanstheoppositeofubiquitous.OptionCisincorrectbecause"expensiveandluxurious"doesnotrelatetothepresenceofsomethingeverywhere.OptionDisincorrectbecause"ancientandoutdated"referstosomethingoldandnolongerinuse,whichisnotthemeaningofubiquitous.2.参考答案：D解析：Thearticlestatesthatamajoradvantageofrenewableenergysourcesisthattheyreducegreenhousegasemissions.OptionAisincorrectbecauserenewableenergysourcesaregenerallylessexpensivetoinstallthanfossilfuels.OptionBisincorrectbecauserenewableenergysourcesproducelittletonoharmfulbyproducts.OptionCisincorrectbecauserenewableenergysourcesareabundantandnotlimitedinsupply.OptionDiscorrectbecauserenewableenergysourceshelpreducegreenhousegasemissions,whichisasignificantenvironmentalbenefit.3.参考答案：B解析：Ifastudentscores85%onatest,itmeanstheyearned85outofapossible100points.OptionAisincorrectbecause15pointswouldrepresentascoreof15%.OptionCisincorrectbecause100pointsrepresentaperfectscore.OptionDisincorrectbecause115pointsarenotpossibleifthemaximumscoreis100.4.参考答案：A解析：Thesentence"Shehadwrittentheletterbeforehearrived"correctlyusesthepastperfecttense.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.OptionBusesthefutureperfecttense.OptionCusesthepresentperfecttense.OptionDusesthepastcontinuoustense.5.参考答案：C解析：Inatriangle,thesumoftheanglesisalways180°.Ifoneanglemeasures45°andanothermeasures90°,thethirdanglemustbe180°-45°-90°=45°.However,thiswouldmakethetriangleisosceleswithtwo45°angles,notarighttriangle.Therefore,thecorrectmeasureofthethirdangleis60°,makingita45-45-90triangle.6.参考答案：B解析：Theequationy=3x-4isinslope-interceptform(y=mx+b),wheremrepresentstheslope.Inthisequation,theslopeis3.OptionAisincorrectbecause-3wouldrepresentalinewithanegativeslope.OptionCisincorrectbecause4isthey-intercept.OptionDisincorrectbecause-4isalsothey-intercept.7.参考答案：B解析：Theprobabilityofrandomlyselectingablueballfromaboxcontaining5redballs,3blueballs,and2greenballsiscalculatedasfollows:Totalnumberofballs=5+3+2=10.Numberofblueballs=3.Probability=3/10.OptionAisincorrectbecause1/10wouldrepresenttheprobabilityofselectingaredball.OptionCisincorrectbecause5/10istheprobabilityofselectingaredball.OptionDisincorrectbecause7/10wouldrepresenttheprobabilityofselectingeitheraredorgreenball.8.参考答案：B解析："Lebensversicherung"isaGermanwordthattranslatesto"lifeinsurance"inEnglish.OptionAisincorrectbecause"lifeexpectancy"referstotheaveragenumberofyearsapersonisexpectedtolive.OptionCisincorrectbecause"healthinsurance"coversmedicalexpenses.OptionDisincorrectbecause"carinsurance"coversdamagestoacar.9.参考答案：C解析：Thevalueoftheexpression2^3+4^2iscalculatedasfollows:2^3=8and4^2=16.Therefore,2^3+4^2=8+16=24.OptionAisincorrectbecause18isnotthesumof8and16.OptionBisincorrectbecause24isthecorrectsum.OptionDisincorrectbecause36isnotthesumof8and16.10.参考答案：C解析：Ifatraintravelsataspeedof60milesperhour,thedistanceitwilltravelin3hoursiscalculatedasfollows:Distance=Speed×Time=60milesperhour×3hours=180miles.OptionAisincorrectbecause20mileswouldbethedistancetraveledin1/3ofanhour.OptionBisincorrectbecause60mileswouldbethedistancetraveledin1hour.OptionDisincorrectbecause360mileswouldbethedistancetraveledin6hours.二、填空题1.参考答案：changeable解析：考查形容词辨析。根据句意“伦敦的天气经常变化”，changeable意为“多变的”，符合语境。其他选项如sunny（晴朗的）、rainy（下雨的）、cloudy（多云的）等均不符合句意。2.参考答案：classical解析：考查形容词辨析。根据句意“她感兴趣于古典音乐”，classical意为“古典的”，符合语境。其他选项如pop（流行）、rock（摇滚）、jazz（爵士）等均不符合句意。3.参考答案：seeing解析：考查动名词辨析。根据句意“我们期待着这周末见我们的祖父母”，lookforwardtodoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“期待做某事”，故用seeing。4.参考答案：speaking解析：考查动名词辨析。根据句意“他擅长说英语”，begoodatdoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“擅长做某事”，故用speaking。5.参考答案：table解析：考查名词辨析。根据句意“书在桌子上”，table意为“桌子”，符合语境。其他选项如chair（椅子）、desk（书桌）、bed（床）等均不符合句意。6.参考答案：in解析：考查介词辨析。根据句意“我昨天下午在公园里看到他”，inthepark意为“在公园里”，符合语境。其他选项如on（在……上）、at（在……处）等均不符合句意。7.参考答案：cinema解析：考查名词辨析。根据句意“他们乘公共汽车去电影院”，cinema意为“电影院”，符合语境。其他选项如theatre（剧院）、concerthall（音乐厅）、museum（博物馆）等均不符合句意。8.参考答案：first解析：考查形容词辨析。根据句意“这是我第一次参观这个博物馆”，first意为“第一次”，符合语境。其他选项如second（第二次）、third（第三次）等均不符合句意。9.参考答案：seven解析：考查数词辨析。根据句意“会议今天下午七点举行”，seveno'clock意为“七点钟”，符合语境。其他选项如six（六点）、eight（八点）等均不符合句意。10.参考答案：able解析：考查形容词辨析。根据句意“她能够按时完成作业”，abletodosth.为固定搭配，意为“能够做某事”，故用able。其他选项如happy（高兴的）、sad（悲伤的）、tired（疲倦的）等均不符合句意。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：Thepastperfecttense(e.g.,hadtraveled)indeeddescribesanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastaction(e.g.,arrived).Thistenseestablishesasequenceofeventsinthepast,highlightingthecompletionofoneactionpriortothestartofanotherpastaction.2.参考答案：√解析：Thequestion"Haveyouevertraveledabroad?"asksthelistenerabouttheirexperienceinthepast,specificallywhethertheyhaveundertakenatripoutsidetheircountryatanypointbeforethepresentmoment.Thisisaclassicexampleofusingthepresentperfecttensetoinquireaboutpastexperiences.3.参考答案：×解析：Themodalverb"must"isprimarilyusedtoexpressstrongnecessity,obligation,orcertaintyinthepresentorfuture(e.g.,"Youmustfinishyourhomeworknow.").Forpresentobligation,"haveto"ismorecommon(e.g.,"Ihavetogotothestore.")."Must"canalsoexpressstrongadviceorprediction,butitscoreuseisnotlimitedtopresentobligation;however,thestatement'sgeneralizationaboutitsuseforpresentnecessityistoonarrowandincorrectcomparedtoitsbroaderapplications.4.参考答案：×解析：Inreportedspeech(alsoknownasindirectspeech),thetensechangedoesnotalwaysoccur.Thetenseofthemainverbinreportedspeechdependsontherelationshipbetweenthereportedstatementandthereportingverb'stense.Ifthereportingverbisinthepast(e.g.,"Hesaid..."),presentsimplebecomespastsimple,presentcontinuousbecomespastcontinuous,andsoon.However,ifthereportingverbisinthepresent,thetenseinthereportedspeechusuallyremainsthesame(e.g.,"Hesaysheistired.").Therefore,it'snotauniversalrulethatthetensechangesfrompresenttopast.5.参考答案：√解析：Thepassivevoice(e.g.,"ThebookwasreadbyJohn.")isfrequentlyusedwhenthefocusisonthereceiveroftheactionorwhentheperformeroftheactionisunknown,unimportant,orobviousfromthecontext.Forexample,"Thewindowwasbroken"(unknownwhobrokeit)or"Themeetingwasattendedbyallstaff"(focusonwhoattended).Usingtheactivevoicewouldbelessnaturalorinformativeinthesesituations.6.参考答案：√解析：AccordingtostandardEnglishgrammarrules,theadverb"too"istypicallyplaceddirectlybeforetheadjectiveitmodifies(e.g.,"Itistoohot,""Sheistookind.").Placingitelsewhereinthesentenceisgenerallyincorrectorsoundsunnaturalinmostcontexts.7.参考答案：×解析：Therelativepronoun"which"isusedtorefertothings,animals,orgroupsofpeople(e.g.,"ThebookwhichIreadisinteresting.").Itcannotbeusedtorefertoindividualpeople.Torefertopeople,youmustuse"who"(e.g.,"Themanwholivesnextdoorisfriendly.")or"that"(e.g.,"Thepersonthatcalledyouismysister.").Using"which"forpeopleisacommongrammaticalerror.8.参考答案：√解析：Theconjunction"so"isacoordinatingconjunctionusedtoconnecttwoindependentclauses,indicatingthatthesecondclauseisaresultorconsequenceofthefirstclause(e.g.,"Itrainedheavily,sowestayedinside.").Thisshowsthecause("Itrainedheavily")andtheeffect("westayedinside").9.参考答案：√解析：Thegerundisthe-ingformofaverbusedasanoun.Agerundcanfunctionasasubjectinasentence,representingtheactionitselfasthetopicofthesentence(e.g.,"Swimmingismyfavoritehobby,"where"Swimming"isthegerundsubject.).10.参考答案：√解析：Theword"decision"isindeedanoun.Itreferstoaconclusionorjudgmentreachedafterconsideration(e.g.,"Hemadeadecisiontostudyabroad.").Nounsarewordsusedtoidentifyanyofaclassofpeople,places,orthings,and"decision"fitsthiscategory.四、简答题1.参考答案：定语从句是修饰或限定名词或代词的从句，通常跟在名词或代词后面。它在句子中的作用是提供更多关于先行词的信息，使句子表达更具体、更清晰。解析：定语从句由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导，修饰先行词。例如，“Thebookthatyougavemeisveryinteresting.”中，“thatyougaveme”是定语从句，修饰“book”，说明是“你给我的那本书”。定语从句可以限定先行词的范围，提供补充信息，使句子结构更紧凑，表达更准确。如果缺少定语从句，句子可能变得不完整或含义不明确。2.参考答案：①"Themoviewhichwewatchedlastnightwasveryexciting."先行词是"movie"；②"ThecitywhichhasthetallestbuildingsisShanghai."先行词是"city"；③"Theproblemwhichwearediscussingisverycomplex."先行词是"problem"。解析：以"which"引导的定语从句通常修饰事物或整个名词性短语。在第一个例子中，“whichwewatchedlastnight”修饰“movie”，说明是“我们昨晚看的那部电影”。第二个例子中，“whichhasthetallestbuildings”修饰“city”，说明是“拥有最高建筑的城市”。第三个例子中，“whichwearediscussing”修饰“problem”，说明是“我们正在讨论的问题”。先行词分别是"movie"、"city"和"problem"。3.参考答案：当先行词是表示物而非人时，通常使用"that"而不是"which"；当先行词被"the"、"this"、"that"等限定时，通常使用"that"；当先行词有"all"、"any"、"everything"、"something"、"nothing"等不定代词时，通常使用"that"。解析：关系代词"that"和"which"都可以引导定语从句，但使用时有区别。"that"可以修饰人或物，而"which"通常只修饰事物。例如，“Thebookthatisonthetableismine.”中，“that”修饰“book”。当先行词是“thebook”时，使用“that”更自然。而“which”一般不用于这种结构。此外，“that”在口语和非正式写作中更常用。4.参考答案：名词性从句是充当名词成分的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。它在句子中的主要功能是充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。解析：名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，可以代替一个名词或名词性短语。例如，“Whathesaidistrue.”中，“Whathesaid”是主语从句，充当主语。“Iknowthatheisright.”中，“thatheisright”是宾语从句，充当动词“know”的宾语。名词性从句使句子结构更灵活，表达更丰富。5.参考答案：句子"Thefactthathepassedtheexammadeushappy."包含主语从句。结构分析：主句是"Thefactmadeushappy"，"Thefact"是主语，"thathepassedtheexam"是主语从句，充当主语"Thefact"的同位语，说明是“他通过了考试这件事”。解析：主语从句在句子中充当主语，通常由"that"、"what"、"whether"等引导。在这个例子中，“thathepassedtheexam”是一个主语从句，说明主语"Thefact"的具体内容。主语从句通常放在句首，由一个名词或代词引导，如"Thefact"、"Thequestion"、"Thereason"等。6.参考答案：宾语从句是充当动词或介词宾语的从句，通常由"that"、"what"、"how"、"whether"等引导；定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，通常由"who"、"which"、"that"、"when"、"where"等引导。主要区别在于功能不同，宾语从句在句子中充当宾语，而定语从句修饰先行词。解析：宾语从句和定语从句都是名词性从句，但功能不同。宾语从句在句子中充当动词或介词的宾语，如"Iknowthatheisright."中，“thatheisright”是宾语从句。而定语从句修饰名词或代词，如"Thebookthatyougavemeisinteresting."中，“thatyougaveme”是定语从句，修饰“book”。此外，定语从句必须有先行词，而宾语从句没有。7.参考答案：使用"too...to..."结构表达否定意义，表示“太...以至于不能...”。例如，“Heistootiredtowalkfurther.”表示“他太累了以至于不能继续走”。解析：这个结构由"too"和"to"连接两个部分，"too"后面接形容词或副词，"to"后面接动词原形。它用来表达一种程度过高的否定结果。例如，“Sheistooyoungtounderstandtheproblem.”表示“她太小了以至于不能理解这个问题”。这个结构强调因为程度过高而无法实现某个动作或达到某个状态。8.参考答案：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用于表达与事实相反的假设、愿望或建议。结构通常为"if+主语+动词过去式（或were），主语+动词原形"。例如，“IfIhadmoretime，Iwouldstudyharder.”表示“如果我有更多时间，我会更努力学习”。解析：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中用于表达不可能发生的条件或愿望。例如，“Ifitrainedtoday，wewouldcancelthepicnic.”表示“如果今天下雨，我们会取消野餐”。主句使用"would+动词原形"表示与事实相反的结果。此外，当条件从句的主语是"I"、"you"、"we"、"they"时，动词用过去式；当主语是"he"、"she"、"