2026年上海市沪教版高中英语高三语法专项训练习题及答案

2026年上海市沪教版高中英语高三语法专项训练习题及答案第1页共1页2026年上海市沪教版高中英语高三语法专项训练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Whichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallycorrect?A.Hedon'tlikeplayingfootball.B.Hedoesn'tlikeplayingfootball.C.Hedoesn'tliketoplayfootball.D.Hedon'tliketoplayfootball.参考答案：B2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavebakedacake.Whatdoesthissentenceimply?A.Thespeakerbakedacake.B.Thespeakerdidn'tbakeacakebutregretsit.C.Thespeakerwillbakeacake.D.Thespeakerisbakingacakenow.参考答案：B3.Choosethecorrectformoftheverbtocompletethesentence:"Thebook______onthetableallday."A.layB.laidC.haslaidD.haslaid参考答案：B4.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesagerundasthesubject?A.Swimmingismyfavoritehobby.B.Toswimismyfavoritehobby.C.Swimismyfavoritehobby.D.Swimmingaremyfavoritehobby.参考答案：A5.Fillintheblankwiththecorrectformoftheverb:"IfI______you,Iwouldapologize."A.amB.wereC.beD.is参考答案：B6.Whichsentencecontainsacorrectuseofthepastperfecttense?A.Shehadfinishedherhomeworkbeforeshewenttobed.B.Shefinishedherhomeworkbeforeshewenttobed.C.Shehasfinishedherhomeworkbeforeshewenttobed.D.Shewasfinishedherhomeworkbeforeshewenttobed.参考答案：A7.Choosethecorrectsentencetoexpressfuturepossibility:"It______torainlater."A.mayB.mightC.mustD.shall参考答案：A8.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesarelativepronoun?A.Themanwholivesnextdoorismyfriend.B.Themanlivesnextdoorismyfriend.C.Theman,wholivesnextdoor,ismyfriend.D.Themanlivesnextdoor,whoismyfriend.参考答案：A9.Fillintheblankwiththecorrectformoftheverb:"Theteam______wonthechampionshiplastyear."A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom参考答案：B10.Whichsentencecorrectlyusesthepassivevoice?A.ThebookwaswrittenbyJohn.B.ThebookwrotebyJohn.C.Johnwrotethebook.D.ThebookiswrotebyJohn.参考答案：A二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Thecompanyislookingforsomeonewhois______toworklonghours.参考答案：willing2.IfI______you,Iwouldapologizetoherimmediately.参考答案：were3.______shearrives,wewillstartthemeeting.参考答案：As4.Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher______satisfiedwiththeresults.参考答案：is5.Thebook______onthetablebelongstomybrother.参考答案：lying6.Bythetimetheyreachedthestation,thetrain______alreadyleft.参考答案：had7.Itisimportanttomaintaina______dietandexerciseregularly.参考答案：balanced8.Ifit______tomorrow,wewillhavetocancelthepicnic.参考答案：rains9.Themanageraskedifthereport______byFriday.参考答案：wouldbefinished10.Iwouldrather______awalkintheparkthanstayathome.参考答案：go三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）1.Therelativeclausecanmodifyanounorapronoun,butitcannotmodifyaverb.参考答案：×2.InEnglish,thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.参考答案：×3."Whichbookdidyoureadyesterday?"isanexampleofaquestionaskingaboutspecificinformation.参考答案：√4.Theword"run"isbothaverbandanouninEnglish.参考答案：√5.Whenusingthepassivevoice,theobjectoftheactivevoicesentencebecomesthesubjectofthepassivevoicesentence.参考答案：√6.Theadverb"very"isusedtomodifyadjectivesandadverbs.参考答案：√7."IhavebeentoLondonthreetimes"isgrammaticallycorrect.参考答案：√8.Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.参考答案：√9.Theword"it"canbeusedasaplaceholderforanouninasentence.参考答案：√10.Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresswishes,suggestions,ordemands.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）1.PleasebrieflydescribethestructureofarelativeclauseinEnglish.参考答案：Arelativeclauseisatypeofdependentclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanounornounphrase.Itusuallybeginswitharelativepronoun(who,whom,whose,which,that)orarelativeadverb(when,where,why).Thestructuretypicallyincludesasubjectandaverb.Forexample,"ThebookthatIreadisinteresting."Here,"thatIread"istherelativeclausemodifying"Thebook."2.Whatisthedifferencebetween"lie"and"lay"intermsofusage?参考答案：Theverbs"lie"and"lay"areoftenconfusedbuthavedifferentmeaningsandtenses."Lie"isanintransitiveverbmeaningtoreclineorbepositionedinahorizontalorrestingposition(e.g.,"Heliesonthecouch")."Lay"isatransitiveverbmeaningtoputorplacesomethingdown(e.g.,"Shelaidthebookonthetable").Thepasttenseof"lie"is"lay,"andthepastparticipleis"lain"(e.g.,"Helaydownyesterday").Thepasttenseof"lay"is"laid,"andthepastparticipleis"laid"(e.g.,"Shelaidthebookdownlastweek").3.Howdoyouusethepresentperfecttensetodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent?参考答案：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresentorhasrelevancetothepresent.Itisformedwiththeauxiliaryverb"have"or"has"plusthepastparticipleofthemainverb.Forexample,"ShehaslivedinShanghaiforfiveyears"indicatesthatshestartedlivinginShanghaifiveyearsagoandstilllivestherenow.Anotherexampleis"Ihavefinishedmyhomework,"meaningtheactionoffinishinghomeworkiscompletedatthepresentmoment.4.Explainthefunctionofagerundinasentence.参考答案：Agerundisaverbformthatendsin"-ing"andfunctionsasanouninasentence.Itcanbethesubject,object,orcomplementofasentence.Forexample,inthesentence"Readingisenjoyable,""reading"isagerundandfunctionsasthesubject.In"Sheenjoysreading,""reading"isagerundandistheobjectoftheverb"enjoys."Gerundscanalsobeusedinprepositionalphrases,suchas"Iaminterestedinreading."5.Whyisitimportanttousethecorrectarticles(a,an,the)inEnglish?参考答案：Articles(a,an,the)areimportantinEnglishbecausetheyspecifywhetheranounisgeneralorspecific."A"and"an"areindefinitearticlesusedforsingularcountablenounsthatarenon-specific."The"isadefinitearticleusedforspecificnounsthatthelistener/readeralreadyknowsorcanidentify.Usingthecorrectarticleiscrucialforclarityandaccuracyincommunication.Forexample,"Acat"referstoanycat,while"Thecat"referstoaspecificcatknowntobothspeakers.6.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesimplepresenttenseandthepresentcontinuoustense?参考答案：Thesimplepresenttenseisusedtodescribehabitualactions,facts,orgeneraltruths.Itisformedwiththebaseformoftheverb(e.g.,"HeplaysfootballeverySunday").Thepresentcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeactionshappeningatthepresentmomentortemporaryactions.Itisformedwith"am/is/are+verb-ing"(e.g.,"Heisplayingfootballnow").Thesimplepresenttenseemphasizestheregularityorfrequencyofanaction,whilethepresentcontinuoustenseemphasizesthetemporarynatureorongoingaction.7.Howwouldyouformthepassivevoiceofthesentence"Theyarebuildingahouse"?参考答案：Thepassivevoiceof"Theyarebuildingahouse"is"Ahouseisbeingbuiltbythem."Inthepassivevoice,thesubjectofthesentencereceivestheactionratherthanperformingit.Thestructureis"be+pastparticiple,"followedbytheagentinaprepositionalphraseintroducedby"by."Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhentheactorisunknown,unimportant,orobviousfromcontext,orwhenthefocusisontheactionratherthantheactor.8.BrieflydescribetheuseofinversioninEnglishgrammar.参考答案：Inversionistherearrangementoftheusualwordorderinasentence.Itiscommonlyusedinformalwritingandspeechtocreateemphasis,formquestions,orintroduceclauses.Forexample,inquestionformation,subject-verbinversionisused:"Whereareyougoing?"Inconditionalsentenceswith"if,"inversionisusedafter"if"whenthemainclausecomesfirst:"IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallhim."Inversioncanalsobeusedforstylisticeffect,suchasinthesentence"NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulsunset,"whereinversionemphasizestheuniquenessofthesunset.五、应用题（共8小题，每题3分）1.Youareorganizingaschooldebatecompetition.Writeashortannouncement(about80words)toinformstudentsaboutthecompetition,includingthetheme,dates,andhowtosignup.Usethestructure"Thecompetitionwillbeheldon..."and"Studentswhoareinterestedshould..."参考答案：ThecompetitionwillbeheldonOctober15thand16th.Itwillfocusonenvironmentalissues.StudentswhoareinterestedshouldsignupattheschoolofficebyOctober1st.Welookforwardtoyourparticipation!2.Completethefollowingsentencewiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"IfI______(have)moretime,I______(study)fortheexam."参考答案：IfIhadmoretime,Iwouldstudyfortheexam.3.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthepassivevoice:"Theteacherexplainedthegrammarruletothestudents."参考答案：Thegrammarrulewasexplainedtothestudentsbytheteacher.4.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordsfromthebox.Therearemorewordsthanneeded.-1.Iam______interestedinhistory.-2.Sheis______tofinishherhomeworkontime.-3.Thebookis______interesting.-4.Heis______tohelphisfriends.-5.Themoviewas______boring.参考答案：1.deeply2.eager3.very4.willing5.terribly5.Correctthefollowingsentence:"Theydidn'tgotothepartybecausetheywastired."参考答案：Theydidn'tgotothepartybecausetheyweretired.6.Completethesecondsentencesothatithasasimilarmeaningtothefirstsentence:"Johnhaslivedinthiscitysince2010."-2.John______inthiscity______2010.参考答案：Johnhasbeenlivinginthiscitysince2010.7.Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverbinbrackets:"Ifit______(rain)tomorrow,we______(go)tothepicnic."参考答案：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillgotothepicnic.8.Rewritethefollowingsentenceusingthesubjunctivemood:"Itisimportantthateveryoneshouldfollowtherules."参考答案：Itisimportantthateveryoneshouldfollowtherules.标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：选项A和D中的don't是错误的，因为主语He是第三人称单数，应该使用doesn't。选项C中的toplay是动词不定式，而like后面通常跟动名词（-ing形式），所以选项B是正确的。2.参考答案：B解析：这个句子是一个虚拟语气句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。句子的意思是“如果我当时知道你要来，我会烤蛋糕”，但实际上并没有发生这种情况，所以说话者没有烤蛋糕但对此感到后悔。选项A和C与句子的意思不符，选项D中的现在进行时也不适用于这个虚拟情境。3.参考答案：B解析：这个句子描述的是一个过去发生的动作，所以应该使用过去式。lay是lie的过去式，表示“放置”，而laid是lay的过去式，表示“产卵”。根据句子的意思，书被放在桌子上已经有一段时间了，所以应该使用laid。4.参考答案：A解析：动名词（-ing形式）可以作为句子的主语。选项A中的Swimming是动名词，作为句子的主语，表示“游泳是我的爱好”。其他选项中的动词形式或结构都不正确。5.参考答案：B解析：这个句子是一个虚拟语气句，表示与现在事实相反的假设。句子的意思是“如果我是你，我会道歉”，但实际上说话者不是听话人，所以应该使用were来表示虚拟语气。6.参考答案：A解析：过去完成时用于描述在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。选项A中的hadfinished表示“她完成作业的时间是在她上床睡觉之前”，符合过去完成时的用法。其他选项中的时态使用不正确。7.参考答案：A解析：may用于表达可能性，might比may更不确定。选项A中的may表示“可能会下雨”，符合句子的意思。其他选项中的情态动词使用不正确。8.参考答案：A解析：关系代词who用于指代人，并在从句中作主语。选项A中的wholivesnextdoor是关系从句，修饰Theman，表示“住在隔壁的那个男人”。其他选项中的关系代词或结构使用不正确。9.参考答案：B解析：that用于指代物，并在从句中作主语。选项B中的thatwonthechampionshiplastyear是关系从句，修饰Theteam，表示“去年赢得冠军的那个队伍”。其他选项中的关系代词使用不正确。10.参考答案：A解析：被动语态用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。选项A中的waswrittenbyJohn表示“这本书是约翰写的”，符合被动语态的用法。其他选项中的被动语态使用不正确。二、填空题1.willing参考答案：willing解析：本题考查形容词的用法。空格处需要填入一个形容词来修饰someone，表示这个人愿意工作长时间。willing意为“愿意的”，符合句意。unwilling意为“不愿意的”，与句意相反；eager意为“热切的”，虽然也表示积极的态度，但不如willing符合句意；happy意为“快乐的”，与句意无关。故选willing。2.were参考答案：were解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“如果我是你，我会立刻向她道歉。”这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句子，从句需要用过去式。if从句表示与现在事实相反，主句用would+动词原形，从句用一般过去式。故填were。3.As参考答案：As解析：本题考查连词的用法。句意为“她一到，我们就会开始开会。”这里需要填入一个表示时间先后关系的连词。as意为“当……的时候”，符合句意。because意为“因为”，表示原因；so意为“所以”，表示结果；when意为“当”，但通常指具体的时间点，不如as适合。故选As。4.is参考答案：is解析：本题考查主谓一致。句子的主语是Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher，虽然形式上是复数，但在语法上被视为单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。satisfied是形容词，不参与主谓一致的变化。故填is。5.lying参考答案：lying解析：本题考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为“桌子上的书是我的哥哥的。”这里需要填入一个现在分词作定语，修饰thebook。lying意为“躺着的”，符合句意。lyingonthetable是一个固定的短语，表示“桌子上的”。lyingabout意为“撒谎”，与句意无关；lyingto意为“对……撒谎”，也与句意无关。故选lying。6.had参考答案：had解析：本题考查过去完成时。句意为“当他们到达车站时，火车已经开走了。”这里需要填入一个过去完成时的助动词。bythetime表示“到……的时候”，后面的动作发生在前面动作之前，需要用过去完成时。hadleft是过去完成时的形式。left是过去式，不符合时态要求；lefted是错误的动词形式；hadbeenleaving是过去完成进行时，不符合句意。故填had。7.balanced参考答案：balanced解析：本题考查形容词的用法。句意为“保持均衡的饮食并定期锻炼很重要。”这里需要填入一个形容词来修饰diet。balanced意为“均衡的”，符合句意。unbalanced意为“不平衡的”，与句意相反；healthy意为“健康的”，虽然有关联，但不如balanced符合句意；nutritious意为“有营养的”，也与句意相关，但不如balanced精确。故选balanced。8.rains参考答案：rains解析：本题考查一般现在时。句意为“如果明天下雨，我们将不得不取消野餐。”这里需要填入一般现在时的动词形式。if表示条件，后面的从句用一般现在时表示将来可能发生的情况。rains是一般现在时的形式。willrain是一般将来时，不符合句意；rained是过去式，不符合句意；hasrained是现在完成时，不符合句意。故填rains。9.wouldbefinished参考答案：wouldbefinished解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“经理问报告是否会在周五完成。”这里需要填入一个虚拟语气的形式。askedif后面的从句表示一个假设的情况，需要用would+动词原形。wouldbefinished是would+动词原形的形式。befinished是动词原形，不符合虚拟语气；havebeenfinished是现在完成时的被动语态，不符合虚拟语气；willbefinished是一般将来时的被动语态，不符合虚拟语气。故填wouldbefinished。10.go参考答案：go解析：本题考查wouldrather的用法。句意为“我宁愿在公园里散步而不是待在家里。”wouldrather后面跟动词原形。go是动词原形。stay是动词原形，但不符合句意；going是动名词，不符合wouldrather的用法；staying是动名词，不符合wouldrather的用法。故选go。三、判断题1.参考答案：×解析：Therelativeclausecanmodifyanoun,apronoun,orevenawholeclause,notjustverbs.Forexample,"Themanwholivesnextdoorismyteacher"modifiesthenoun"man".2.参考答案：×解析：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatstartedinthepastandcontinuetothepresent,oractionsthathappenedatanunspecifiedtimeinthepast.Forexample,"Ihavelivedherefortenyears".3.参考答案：√解析：Thisisaquestionaskingforspecificinformation,asitseeksaparticularbooktitle.Questionsaskingforspecificinformationoftenusethesimplepasttense.4.参考答案：√解析："Run"canfunctionasbothaverb,asin"Iruneverymorning,"andasanoun,asin"Therunwasenjoyable."5.参考答案：√解析：Intheactivevoicesentence"Shewrotethebook,""she"isthesubjectand"thebook"istheobject.Inthepassivevoicesentence"Thebookwaswrittenbyher,""thebook"becomesthesubjectand"she"istheobject.6.参考答案：√解析："Very"isanadverbthatmodifiesadjectives,asin"Sheisverybeautiful,"andotheradverbs,asin"Herunsveryfast."7.参考答案：√解析：Thissentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Itusesthepresentperfecttensetodescribeanactionthathasoccurredmultipletimesuptothepresent.8.参考答案：√解析：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Forexample,"Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforethemoviestarted."9.参考答案：√解析："It"canbeusedasaplaceholderforanouninasentence,asin"Itdoesn'tmatterwhatIsay."10.参考答案：√解析：Thesubjunctivemoodisusedtoexpresswishes,suggestions,ordemands.Forexample,"Isuggestthathebemorecareful."四、简答题1.参考答案：Arelativeclauseisatypeofdependentclausethatprovidesadditionalinformationaboutanounornounphrase.Itusuallybeginswitharelativepronoun(who,whom,whose,which,that)orarelativeadverb(when,where,why).Thestructuretypicallyincludesasubjectandaverb.Forexample,"ThebookthatIreadisinteresting."Here,"thatIread"istherelativeclausemodifying"Thebook."解析：本题考查定语从句的结构。定语从句是英语中重要的修饰成分，其结构通常由关系词引导，核心部分包含主谓结构。关系词可以是关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that）或关系副词（when/where/why），它们在从句中充当主语、宾语或状语。例如在"ThebookthatIreadisinteresting"中，"thatIread"是修饰"thebook"的定语从句，其中"that"是关系代词，指代"thebook"并在从句中作宾语，"Iread"是定语从句的主谓结构。掌握定语从句的结构对于理解复杂句式至关重要。2.参考答案：Theverbs"lie"and"lay"areoftenconfusedbuthavedifferentmeaningsandtenses."Lie"isanintransitiveverbmeaningtoreclineorbepositionedinahorizontalorrestingposition(e.g.,"Heliesonthecouch")."Lay"isatransitiveverbmeaningtoputorplacesomethingdown(e.g.,"Shelaidthebookonthetable").Thepasttenseof"lie"is"lay,"andthepastparticipleis"lain"(e.g.,"Helaydownyesterday").Thepasttenseof"lay"is"laid,"andthepastparticipleis"laid"(e.g.,"Shelaidthebookdownlastweek").解析：本题考查"lie"和"lay"的用法区别。"lie"是不及物动词，表示“躺卧”或“位于”，过去式和过去分词都是"lay"（e.g.,"Helayonthebeach"）。"lay"是及物动词，表示“放置”或“产卵”，过去式和过去分词都是"laid"（e.g.,"Shelaidtheeggs"）。常见混淆点在于过去式相同但词性不同，需要根据语境判断。例如："Helayonthesofa"（躺）vs"Helaidthebookonthesofa"（放书）。3.参考答案：Thepresentperfecttenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatbeganinthepastandcontinuestothepresentorhasrelevancetothepresent.Itisformedwiththeauxiliaryverb"have"or"has"plusthepastparticipleofthemainverb.Forexample,"ShehaslivedinShanghaiforfiveyears"indicatesthatshestartedlivinginShanghaifiveyearsagoandstilllivestherenow.Anotherexampleis"Ihavefinishedmyhomework,"meaningtheactionoffinishinghomeworkiscompletedatthepresentmoment.解析：本题考查现在完成时的用法。现在完成时由"have/has+过去分词"构成，主要表示过去发生的动作对现在造成影响或结果。①表示动作持续到现在（"for+时间段"或"since+时间点"）：e.g.,"Theyhavebeenmarriedsince2010"。②表示过去动作对现在的影响（"just,already,yet"等副词）：e.g.,"Hehasseenthatmovietwice"。③表示经验（常用于一般现在时）：e.g.,"IhavetraveledtoJapanthreetimes"。掌握现在完成时的用法需要区分三种主要情境。4.参考答案：Agerundisaverbformthatendsin"-ing"andfunctionsasanouninasentence.Itcanbethesubject,object,orcomplementofasentence.Forexample,inthesentence"Readingisenjoyable,""reading"isagerundandfunctionsasthesubject.In"Sheenjoysreading,""reading"isagerundandistheobjectoftheverb"enjoys."Gerundscanalsobeusedinprepositionalphrases,suchas"Iaminterestedinreading."解析：本题考查动名词的用法。动名词是动词的-ing形式，具有名词功能，可以作主语、宾语或表语。①作主语：e.g.,"Swimmingisgoodforhealth"。②作宾语：e.g.,"Helikesswimming"。③作表语：e.g.,"Hishobbyisswimming"。④作介词宾语：e.g.,"Sheistiredofworkingovertime"。动名词可以替代名词短语，使句子结构更简洁。5.参考答案：Articles(a,an,the)areimportantinEnglishbecausetheyspecifywhetheranounisgeneralorspecific."A"and"an"areindefinitearticlesusedforsingularcountablenounsthatarenon-specific."The"isadefinitearticleusedforspecificnounsthatthelistener/readeralreadyknowsorcanidentify.Usingthecorrectarticleiscrucialforclarityandaccuracyincommunication.Forexample,"Acat"referstoanycat,while"Thecat"referstoaspecificcatknowntobothspeakers.解析：本题考查冠词的用法。冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。①不定冠词用于泛指单数可数名词（a用于辅音音素开头，an用于元音音素开头）：e.g.,"abook","anapple"。②定冠词用于特指（已知、唯一、上文提到等）：e.g.,"thebookonthetable"。③用于序数词、形容词最高级前：e.g.,"thefirstday","thebestanswer"。冠词的误用会导致语义不清，如将"abook"误用为"thebook"。6.参考答案：Thesimplepresenttenseisusedtodescribehabitualactions,facts,orgeneraltruths.Itisformedwiththebaseformoftheverb(e.g.,"HeplaysfootballeverySunday").Thepresentcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeactionshappeningatthepresentmomentortemporaryactions.Itisformedwith"am/is/are+verb-ing"(e.g.,"Heisplayingfootballnow").Thesimplepresenttenseemphasizestheregularityorfrequencyofanaction,whilethepresentcontinuoustenseemphasizesthetemporarynatureorongoingaction.解析：本题考查现在简单时和现在进行时的区别。①现在简单时：表示习惯性动作（"everyday"）、客观事实（"Thesunrisesintheeast"）、一般真理（"Waterboilsat100°C"）。②现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作（"Iameating"）、短暂性动作（"Sheisvisitingherparentsthisweek"）、计划中的未来安排（"WeareflyingtoLondontomorrow"）。时态选择取决于动作的时间特征。7.参考答案：Thepassivevoiceof"Theyarebuildingahouse"is"Ahouseisbeingbuiltbythem."Inthepassivevoice,thesubjectofthesentencereceivestheactionratherthanperformingit.Thestructureis"be+pastparticiple,"followedbytheagentinaprepositionalphraseintroducedby"by."Thepassivevoiceisoftenusedwhentheactorisunknown,unimportant,orobviousfromcontext,orwhenthefocusisontheactionratherthantheactor.解析：本题考查被动语态的构成。被动语态由"be动词+过去分词"构成，通常将动作的承受者置于句首作主语。①基本结构：e.g.,"Thebookwasreadbyhim"。②主动变被动：e.g.,"Hebuildsahouse"→"Ahouseisbuiltbyhim"。③含情态动词：e.g.,"Itmustbefinishedtomorrow"。④被动语态常用于强调动作承受者或当动作执行者不重要时。8.参考答案：Inversionistherearrangementoftheusualwordorderinasentence.Itiscommonlyusedinformalwritingandspeech