高考阅读专题复习-词义猜测题课件

阅读理解专题词义猜测题afatcat

whiteelephant

肥猫白象如何猜测词句意义？

1.Lucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.2.Emilygotabighousefromheraunt,butitturnedouttobeawhiteelephant—theheatingcosttoomuchandnobodywantedtobuyit.arichmansomethingexpensivebutuselessGiveitshotCONTENTS0102考情分析0023猜词方法03考纲解读考纲解读01文本标题可以一键替换更改文字大小颜色等。更改文字大小。高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题考查根据上下文推断单词和短语含义的能力。该考查要求弱化纯词汇记忆，转而更强调语篇逻辑、熟词生义、短语语境含义。考纲解读考查方式：设问中常常含有means,standfor,referto,taketheplaceof,bereplacedby

等关键词。

考情分析021.考情分析2025年全国I卷B篇Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?2025年全国II卷B篇Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertoinparagraph4?2025年浙江1月C篇Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?2024年新课标I卷C篇Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?2024年新课标II卷D篇Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?2023新课标I卷C篇Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?2023新课标II卷C篇Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean?1.每年必考2.以猜测词意为主猜词方法03高考词句猜测题类型：1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inParagraph3mean?2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinParagraph2?3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Thecat’slotwasabouttoimprove”inparagraph3suggest?4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph2referto?猜测陌生单词的意义或熟词生义猜测短语意义猜测句子意义猜测代词指代内容命题特点考查考生根据上下文语境，推断单词、短语、句子的本义及引申含义的能力。考查内容：生词含义推断，熟词生义理解，代词指代内容判断。1.代词指代题找代词指代的内容，优先找离代词最近的名词、短语或句子，这是最快、最准的方法！注意：少数情况指代对象隔得远，需要结合全文逻辑总结，不能只看紧挨着的内容。真题典例(2025·新高考全国Ⅱ卷,B篇片段)Thereareupto30studentsatanygiventimeinHo’sclass.Shegenerallyworkswiththeirregularteacherstogetlessonsandtestsbeingusedattheirhomeschools.Someteachersdon’tgivethekidsanyassignments作业;theyexpresssympathyinstead.“Ifeellikeit

isadisservicetothekids,”Hosays.“Theythinktheirteachersdon’tcareabouttheirschoolwork.”(

)26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”referto指的是inParagraph4?A.Offeringregularlessons提供常规课程.B.Payingextraattention给予额外关注.C.Assigningnoschoolwork不布置作业.D.Showingnosympathy不表示同情.方法：代词指代就近回溯法（英语阅读代词猜测最核心方法）步骤1：判断代词类型it属于第三人称单数代词，必定向前文找单数名词/核心话题，指代上文刚出现的核心名词。步骤2：就近往前定位句子拆分原句拆分：SinceIbeganthinkingaboutthisprojectinAugust2011,theissueofsea-levelriseandtheneedtoplaceithistoricallyhaveonlybecomemoreurgent句子并列结构：两件事变得愈发迫切1.theissueofsea-levelrise（海平面上升这个议题）2.theneedtoplaceithistorically（从历史角度去定位/阐释it的必要性）步骤3：语法+逻辑匹配并列连词and连接两个并列对象，后项的it，对应前半句并列的核心单数名词theissue（海平面上升这一议题）。逻辑：需要把海平面上升这一议题放在历史维度去研究梳理。步骤4：排除干扰项•A书：前文书本是更早内容，距离太远，不符合代词就近原则•B项目：project只是作者研究这件事，不是需要被“历史定位”的对象•D发展：development在上上句，距离过远，逻辑不契合完整解题方法论总结（代词类词义猜测通用四步）1.就近原则：代词90%指代本句/前一句的名词，不往更远段落找；2.数一致：it→单数名词；they/them→复数名词；3.句法并列匹配：and、but连接并列结构，代词优先匹配并列前的核心名词；4.逻辑验证：把选项名词代回原句，句意通顺、符合文章主旨才算正确。2.猜测单词/短语题：猜测单词/短语题可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语意义的理解;所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要通过阅读上下文,根据短文提供的语境、信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。一、逻辑关系法①Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople’shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.②Mr.Greenlovestotalkandhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.1.同义关系利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知生词的意思。有害的，不利的

harmful话多的，健谈的talktiveSignalwords:and,or,also,as…as，justas,similarly…①AndrewisthemostsuperciliouspersonIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.②Unlikehisbrother,whoistrulyahandsomeman,Johnisquitehomely．2.反义关系利用上下文中出现的反义单词或短语推知生词的意思。傲慢的，高傲的相貌平平的Signalwords:incontrast,onthecontrary,unlike,while…①Itriedhardnottomakemistakes,butIslippedup.②Theyanticipatedanarduousjourneythroughthemountains,however,theactualhiketurnedouttobesurprisinglyeasy.3.转折关系利用上下文的转折逻辑关系推知生词的意思。疏忽，不小心出差错艰苦的，艰难的Signalwords:but,yet,however,while,instead(of),ontheotherhand,ratherthan,unfortunately…①Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibits(陈列品)inoneday.②Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.巨大的枯萎，凋谢4.因果关系利用上下文的因果关系推知生词的意思。Signalwords:because,as,thus,therefore,hence,consequently,dueto,owingto,thanksto,resultin,resultfrom,onaccountof,so,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that...1.利用并列关系猜测词义。常见信号词、短语：and,or,also,as...as,justas,similarly等。2.利用对比或转折关系猜测词义。常见信号词、短语：but,yet,despite,however,while（然而）,ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,instead等。3.利用因果关系猜测词义，常见信号词、短语：since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,accordingly,hence,dueto,owingto,thanksto,becauseof,onaccountof,resultin等。Skill1逻辑关系①Pantomimereferstoashortplay(戏剧)inwhichnowordsarespoken.二、解释说明法1.下定义利用上下文中对生词/的定义或解释性话语推知生词的意思。Signalwords:mean,refersto,namely,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway哑剧，默剧①Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.②Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.2.定语从句利用上下文中修饰生词/短语的定语从句推知生词/短语的意思。牧人变戏法的人①

Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.3.同位语利用上下文中生词的同位语推知生词/短语的意思。语义学①Thevillagerswereknownfortheirhospitablenature;forexample,theyalwaysofferedfoodandaplacetostaytostrangers.②Someanimalsusecamouflagetohide.Forinstance,chameleonschangetheirskincolortomatchtreesorrocks.4.举例子利用文中例子推知生词/短语的意思。好客的保护色Signalwords:forexample,forinstance,suchas①Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.5.标点符号利用文中冒号、破折号和括号等具有解释说明作用标点符号推知生词/短语的意思。期刊1.定语从句：定语从句修饰限定了先行词的内容和范畴。2.同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。3.举例说明：like,suchas,forexample/instance…4.标点符号：——，:，“”，()等标点符号，表示解释说明。5.下定义：mean,refersto,namely,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway等后的内容是对前面的解释说明。Skill2解释说明①

Overworkmaycausediseases.②Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloudyourjudgement.③Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundaimpassableriverinfrontofhim.三、构词法过度工作合成法

compounding转化法

conversion模糊无法通行的，无法通过的派生法derivation===四、Content

上下文语境推断利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。Tomsawanowlinatreelastnight.A.abirdB.ananimalC.astarWhatdoes“owl”referto?Tomsawanowlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear.A.abirdB.ananimalC.astar3.猜测句意题猜测句意题，就是让你读懂文中划线的特殊句子的真正含义。这类句子通常是：前后文有解释的特殊含义句高度概括全文/段落的总结句甚至是谚语、格言警句核心考你：结合上下文语境、文章主旨，推断句子深层意思的能力，不是只看字面翻译。三、3步标准解题法第一步：定位