北师大版初中英语第8单元语法练习题及答案

北师大版初中英语第8单元语法练习题及答案第1页共1页北师大版初中英语第8单元语法练习题及答案一、单项选择题（共10小题，每题2分）（每小题只有一个选项符合题意，请把正确选项的字母填在题后括号内）1.Ifyouwanttobeavolunteerintheenvironmentalprotectionproject,youshould______first.A.joinalocalcharityorganizationB.filloutanonlineapplicationformC.writeacoverlettertotheorganizerD.callthenearestrecyclingcenter参考答案：B2.Thelocalgovernmentisplanningtobuildanewparkinthecommunity.Whatisthebestwaytogiveyoursuggestions?A.Sendanemailtothemayordirectly.B.Attendthepublicmeetingandexpressyourideas.C.Writealettertothelocalnewspaper.D.Createasocialmediacampaign.参考答案：B3.Toreduceplasticwaste,manypeopleareusingreusableshoppingbags.Whichsentencecorrectlydescribesthebenefitofusingreusableshoppingbags?A.Theyarecheaperthandisposableplasticbags.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttocarrythandisposableplasticbags.C.Theyhelptoreducetheamountofplasticwasteintheenvironment.D.Theyaremadefrombiodegradablematerials.参考答案：C4.Theschoolisorganizingatree-plantingactivitynextSaturday.Whichsentenceisthebestwaytoinviteyourclassmatestoparticipate?A."Doyouwanttoplanttrees?Let'sdoitnextSaturday."B."Let'splanttreesnextSaturday.It'sagoodidea."C."Ifyouwanttoplanttrees,youcanjoinusnextSaturday."D."WearegoingtoplanttreesnextSaturday.Wanttocome?"参考答案：C5.Astudyshowsthatusingpublictransportationcanhelpreduceairpollution.Whichsentencebestexplainsthis?A.Publictransportationuseslessfuelthanprivatecars.B.Publictransportationismorecomfortablethandriving.C.Publictransportationcancarrymorepeopleatonce.D.Publictransportationischeaperthantakingataxi.参考答案：A6.Thelocalcommunityistryingtoimprovetheairquality.Whichactioncanhelpachievethisgoal?A.Encouragemorepeopletousecars.B.Plantmoretreesinthecity.C.Openmorefactoriestocreatejobs.D.Burnmorefossilfuelsforenergy.参考答案：B7.Ifyouseesomeonelittering,whatshouldyoudo?A.Ignoreitandwalkaway.B.Tellthepersontocleanupafterthemselves.C.Takethelitterandthrowitintherecyclingbin.D.Takeaphotoandpostitonsocialmedia.参考答案：B8.Thegovernmentisconsideringnewlawstoprotectendangeredanimals.Whichsentenceisanexampleofsuchalaw?A."Itislegaltohuntendangeredanimals."B."Endangeredanimalsmustbeprotectedinnationalparks."C."Endangeredanimalscanbesoldinthemarket."D."Itisokaytokeependangeredanimalsaspets."参考答案：B9.Tosavewater,youcan______.A.leavethetaprunningwhilebrushingyourteethB.takeshortshowersinsteadoflongbathsC.letthedishwasherrunwithonlyafewdishesD.waterthegardenduringthehottestpartoftheday参考答案：B10.TheUnitedNationsisworkingtoachievesustainabledevelopmentgoals.Whichgoalisrelatedtoenvironmentalprotection?A.EndingpovertyeverywhereB.Ensuringhealthylivesandwell-beingC.ClimateactionandcleanenergyD.Reducinginequalitywithinandamongcountries参考答案：C二、填空题（共10小题，每题2分）（请把正确答案直接填写在题中横线上，填写不完整的不得分）1.Toprotecttheenvironment,weshould______plasticbags.参考答案：reduce2.Ifit______finetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.参考答案：is3.Theboy______playingfootballwhentherainbegantofall.参考答案：was4.Shewishesshe______acartotravelaroundtheworld.参考答案：had5.______youstudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.参考答案：Theharder6.IfI______you,Iwouldcallhimimmediately.参考答案：were7.Theteacheraskedthestudents______theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.参考答案：if8.______itislate,hestillcontinuestowork.参考答案：Although9.Theearth______aroundthesunonceeveryyear.参考答案：goes10.Idon'tknow______timethemeetingwillstart.参考答案：what三、判断题（共10小题，每题2分）（正确的打“√”，错误的打“×”，把判断符号填在题后括号内）1.Ifitisfinetomorrow,wewillgotothepark.参考答案：√2.Theboyisplayingfootballnow.参考答案：×3.Tosavewater,youcanturnoffthetapwhenyoubrushyourteeth.参考答案：√4.TheUnitedNationsisworkinghardtoprotecttheenvironment.参考答案：√5.IfIwereyou,Iwouldcallyourparents.参考答案：√6.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.参考答案：×7.Idon'tknowwhattimethemeetingwillstart.参考答案：×8.Shewishesshehadacartogoshopping.参考答案：×9.Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheexam.参考答案：×10.IfIwereabird,Icouldflyinthesky.参考答案：√四、简答题（共8小题，每题2分）（请分点作答，语言简明、要点齐全，写在对应题目下方的横线上）1.PleasedescribethemainfunctionofthepresentperfecttenseinEnglish.参考答案：Themainfunctionofthepresentperfecttenseistodescribeactionsorstatesthatbeganinthepastandcontinuetothepresent,oractionsthathavebeencompletedrecentlyandhaverelevancetothepresent.2.Howdoyouusethepastperfecttensetoexpressanactioncompletedbeforeanotherpastaction?参考答案：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastaction.Itisformedwith"had"followedbythepastparticipleoftheverb.Forexample,"Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforehewenttobed."3.Whatisthedifferencebetween"already"and"yet"whenusedwiththepresentperfecttense?参考答案："Already"isusedtoemphasizethatanactionhasbeencompleted,oftensoonerthanexpected,while"yet"isusedtoindicatethatanactionhasnotbeencompletedandisexpectedtobecompletedinthefuture.Forexample,"Haveyoufinishedyourmealalready?"vs."Haveyoufinishedyourmealyet?"4.Canyouexplainthestructureofasentenceusingthepresentperfectcontinuoustense?参考答案：Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedwith"have/hasbeen"followedbythepresentparticipleoftheverb.Itisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandhascontinueduptothepresent,oftenemphasizingthedurationoftheaction.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingforthreehours."5.Inwhatsituationswouldyouusethepastperfectcontinuoustense?参考答案：Thepastperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwasongoingbeforeanotherpastaction.Itemphasizesthedurationoftheactionbeforeitwasinterruptedorcompleted.Forexample,"Theyhadbeenwaitingforanhourwhenthetrainarrived."6.Howdoestheuseof"just"differfrom"already"or"yet"inthecontextofthepresentperfecttense?参考答案："Just"isusedtoemphasizethatanactionwascompletedveryrecently,oftenimmediatelybeforethepresentmoment."Already"and"yet"donothavethisemphasisonimmediacy.Forexample,"Ihavejustfinishedmydinner."vs."Ihavealreadyfinishedmydinner."or"Ihaven'tfinishedmydinneryet."7.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenthesimplepastandthepresentperfecttenses?参考答案：Thesimplepasttenseisusedtodescribeactionsthatwerecompletedataspecifictimeinthepast,whilethepresentperfecttenseisusedforactionsthathaverelevancetothepresent.Forexample,"Iwenttothestoreyesterday."vs."Ihavegonetothestorerecently."8.Whyisitimportanttounderstandthedistinctionbetween"for"and"since"whenusingthemwiththepresentperfecttense?参考答案：Understandingthedifferencebetween"for"and"since"isimportantbecause"for"isusedtoindicateadurationoftime,while"since"isusedtoindicateaspecificpointintimewhentheactionstarted.Forexample,"Ihavelivedherefortwoyears."vs."Ihavelivedheresince2018."五、阅读理解题（共8小题，每题3分）（先阅读下面材料，再根据材料内容作答，答案写在对应题目下方的横线上）Therapiddevelopmentofrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpowerhasbecomeaglobalpriority.Solarpanels,installedonrooftops,convertsunlightintoelectricity,reducingrelianceonfossilfuels.Windturbines,especiallyincoastalareas,harnesswindenergyefficiently.However,challengesremain.Solarpowergenerationdependsheavilyonweatherconditionsandrequireslargelandareas.Windenergycanbeinconsistent,affectinggridstability.Tomaximizeefficiency,hybridsystemscombiningbothsolarandwindareincreasinglyadopted.Governmentsworldwideareinvestinginthesetechnologies,offeringincentivesforinstallationandresearch.Thetransitiontocleanenergyiscrucialforenvironmentalsustainabilityandenergysecurity.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.ThehistoryoffossilfuelsB.ThebenefitsofrenewableenergysourcesC.ThechallengesofsolarandwindpowerD.Theeconomicimpactofenergypolicies参考答案：B2.Accordingtothepassage,whyarehybridsystemscombiningsolarandwindbecomingmorepopular?A.Theyarecheapertoinstall.B.Theycangenerateenergymoreconsistently.C.Theyrequirelesslandspace.D.Theyaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.参考答案：B3.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofrenewableenergy?A.Itwillreplacefossilfuelscompletelyby2030.B.Itwillremainasecondaryenergysource.C.Itwillrequiresignificantgovernmentinvestment.D.Itwillbecomelessefficientovertime.参考答案：C4.Whatistheprimaryconcernmentionedaboutsolarpower?A.Itshighinstallationcost.B.Itsdependenceonweatherconditions.C.Itsinabilitytostoreenergy.D.Itscontributiontoairpollution.参考答案：B5.Howdoeswindenergybenefitcoastalareas?A.Itreducestheriskofhurricanes.B.Itharnessesthestrongwindresources.C.Itlowerselectricitycostsforresidents.D.Itimprovesthelocaljobmarket.参考答案：B6.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutenergysecurity?A.Itisonlyaconcernfordevelopingcountries.B.Itisdirectlylinkedtotheuseofrenewableenergy.C.Itwillimprovewiththediscoveryofnewfossilfuels.D.Itisirrelevanttoenvironmentalsustainability.参考答案：B7.Whatisthepurposeofgovernmentincentivesmentionedinthepassage?A.Toencouragetheuseoftraditionalenergysources.B.Tosupportresearchanddevelopmentincleanenergy.C.Toincreasethedemandforfossilfuels.D.Toreducethenumberofrenewableenergyprojects.参考答案：B8.Whatisthekeymessageofthepassage?A.Renewableenergysourcesarenotviablealternativestofossilfuels.B.Thetransitiontocleanenergyisacomplexbutnecessaryprocess.C.Solarandwindpoweraretheonlyeffectiverenewableenergysources.D.Governmentpolicieshavenoimpactonenergydevelopment.参考答案：B标准答案与解析一、单项选择题1.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“如何申请成为志愿者”。A选项“加入当地慈善组织”不直接相关；B选项“填写在线申请表”是成为志愿者的常见步骤；C选项“给组织者写求职信”通常用于求职而非志愿者申请；D选项“给最近的回收中心打电话”与申请志愿者无关。正确答案是B。2.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“如何提出建议”。A选项“直接给市长发电子邮件”可能效果不佳；B选项“参加公开会议并表达你的想法”是直接有效的方式；C选项“给当地报纸写信”可以，但不如公开会议直接；D选项“创建社交媒体活动”可以，但效果不确定。正确答案是B。3.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“使用可重复使用购物袋的好处”。A选项“比一次性塑料袋便宜”不一定是真的；B选项“比一次性塑料袋方便”不一定是真的；C选项“有助于减少环境中的塑料垃圾”是主要好处；D选项“由可生物降解材料制成”不一定是真的。正确答案是C。4.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“如何邀请同学参加活动”。A选项“你想种树吗？让我们下个星期六做吧”不够正式；B选项“让我们下个星期六种树。这是个好主意”不够直接；C选项“如果你想种树，可以加入我们下个星期六”是清晰直接的邀请；D选项“我们要下个星期六种树。想来吗？”不够正式。正确答案是C。5.参考答案：A解析：本题考查“公共交通如何减少空气污染”。A选项“公共交通比私家车使用燃料少”是主要原因；B选项“公共交通比开车舒服”不直接相关；C选项“公共交通一次可以载更多人在同一时间”不直接相关；D选项“公共交通比出租车便宜”不直接相关。正确答案是A。6.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“如何改善空气质量”。A选项“鼓励更多人使用汽车”会加重污染；B选项“在城市里种更多树”可以吸收二氧化碳；C选项“开更多工厂创造就业”会增加污染；D选项“燃烧更多化石燃料获取能源”会加重污染。正确答案是B。7.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“看到有人乱扔垃圾怎么办”。A选项“无视并走开”不负责任；B选项“告诉那个人清理垃圾”是正确的做法；C选项“捡起垃圾扔进回收箱”可以，但不如直接告诉对方；D选项“拍照发到社交媒体”不解决问题。正确答案是B。8.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“保护濒危动物的法律”。A选项“狩猎濒危动物合法”是错误的；B选项“濒危动物必须在国家公园受保护”是正确的法律；C选项“濒危动物可以在市场上出售”是错误的；D选项“濒危动物可以作为宠物饲养”是错误的。正确答案是B。9.参考答案：B解析：本题考查“如何节约用水”。A选项“刷牙时让水龙头一直开着”会浪费水；B选项“淋浴而不是泡澡”可以节约水；C选项“只有几件盘子就运行洗碗机”会浪费水；D选项“在一天中最热的时候给花园浇水”会浪费水。正确答案是B。10.参考答案：C解析：本题考查“联合国可持续发展目标中的环境保护目标”。A选项“结束全球贫困”不直接相关；B选项“确保健康生活和福祉”不直接相关；C选项“气候行动和清洁能源”是环境保护目标；D选项“减少国家间的不平等”不直接相关。正确答案是C。二、填空题1.参考答案：reduce解析：本题考查第8单元的“一般现在时被动语态”。根据句意“为了保护环境，我们应该减少塑料袋的使用”，reduce意为“减少”，符合语境。2.参考答案：is解析：本题考查第8单元的“一般现在时”。根据句意“如果明天天气好，我们会去公园”，描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时，故填is。3.参考答案：was解析：本题考查第8单元的“一般过去时”。根据句意“当雨开始下的时候，那个男孩正在踢足球”，描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，故填was。4.参考答案：had解析：本题考查第8单元的“虚拟语气”。根据句意“她希望她有一辆车环游世界”，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用虚拟语气，动词用过去式，故填had。5.参考答案：Theharder解析：本题考查第8单元的“比较级”。根据句意“你学习越努力，就越能通过考试”，表示越……越……，用比较级，故填Theharder。6.参考答案：were解析：本题考查第8单元的“虚拟语气”。根据句意“如果我是你，我会立即给他打电话”，表示与现在事实相反的假设，用虚拟语气，动词用过去式，故填were。7.参考答案：if解析：本题考查第8单元的“宾语从句”。根据句意“老师问学生们他们是否完成了作业”，宾语从句用陈述语序，故填if。8.参考答案：Although解析：本题考查第8单元的“让步状语从句”。根据句意“虽然很晚，他仍然继续工作”，表示让步关系，用Although。9.参考答案：goes解析：本题考查第8单元的“一般现在时”。根据句意“地球每年绕太阳转一圈”，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，故填goes。10.参考答案：what解析：本题考查第8单元的“宾语从句”。根据句意“我不知道会议什么时候开始”，宾语从句用陈述语序，故填what。三、判断题1.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“一般将来时态的用法”。题干中的“ifitisfinetomorrow”表示一个条件状语从句，主句“wewillgotothepark”表示在条件满足时的将来动作，符合一般将来时态的用法，故答案为√。2.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“现在进行时态的用法”。题干中的“now”表示动作正在进行，应使用现在进行时态，即“Theboyisplayingfootballnow”，故原句错误，答案为×。3.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“一般现在时态的用法”。题干中的“Tosavewater”是一个目的状语，后面的动作“youcanturnoffthetap”是一个建议，符合一般现在时态的用法，故答案为√。4.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“现在进行时态的用法”。题干中的“isworking”表示动作正在进行，符合现在进行时态的用法，故答案为√。5.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“虚拟语气中的过去式用法”。题干中的“ifIwereyou”表示一个假设条件，应使用虚拟语气中的过去式，即“Iwouldcallyourparents”，故答案为√。6.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“一般现在时态的用法”。题干中的“goes”表示一个客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，即“Theearthgoesaroundthesun”，故原句错误，答案为×。7.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“一般现在时态的用法”。题干中的“willstart”表示将来动作，应使用一般将来时态，即“Idon'tknowwhattimethemeetingwillstart”，故原句错误，答案为×。8.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“虚拟语气中的过去式用法”。题干中的“wishes”表示一种愿望，应使用虚拟语气中的过去式，即“Shewishesshehadacartogoshopping”，故原句错误，答案为×。9.参考答案：×解析：本题考查“祈使句的用法”。题干中的“Studyhard”是一个祈使句，后面的“andyouwillpasstheexam”应使用一般将来时态，即“Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheexam”，故原句错误，答案为×。10.参考答案：√解析：本题考查“虚拟语气中的过去式用法”。题干中的“ifIwereabird”表示一个假设条件，应使用虚拟语气中的过去式，即“IfIwereabird,Icouldflyinthesky”，故答案为√。四、简答题1.参考答案：Themainfunctionofthepresentperfecttenseistodescribeactionsorstatesthatbeganinthepastandcontinuetothepresent,oractionsthathavebeencompletedrecentlyandhaverelevancetothepresent.解析：本题考查〈现完成时的主要功能〉。现完成时主要用来描述过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，或者最近完成的动作对现在仍有影响。例如："Ihavelivedhereforfiveyears."（我住在这里五年了。）或"Shehasjustfinishedherhomework."（她刚做完作业。）解析中点明了现完成时的两个主要用法：持续性用法和最近完成用法，并给出了例句说明。2.参考答案：Thepastperfecttenseisusedtoexpressanactionthatwascompletedbeforeanotherpastaction.Itisformedwith"had"followedbythepastparticipleoftheverb.Forexample,"Hehadfinishedhisworkbeforehewenttobed."解析：本题考查〈过去完成时的用法〉。过去完成时用来表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作，常与过去时间状语或从句连用。结构为"had+过去分词"。例如："Theyhadalreadyleftwhenwearrived."（我们到达时他们已经离开了。）解析中解释了其用法和结构，并给出了例句。3.参考答案："Already"isusedtoemphasizethatanactionhasbeencompleted,oftensoonerthanexpected,while"yet"isusedtoindicatethatanactionhasnotbeencompletedandisexpectedtobecompletedinthefuture.Forexample,"Haveyoufinishedyourmealalready?"vs."Haveyoufinishedyourmealyet?"解析：本题考查〈already和yet的用法区别〉。already通常用于肯定句，强调动作已完成，常表示比预期更早完成。yet通常用于否定句或疑问句，表示动作尚未完成，期待将来完成。例如："Ihavealreadyfinishedthereport."（我已经完成了报告。）vs."Ihaven'tfinishedthereportyet."（我还没完成报告。）解析中对比了两者在句型和语气上的区别，并给出了例句。4.参考答案：Thepresentperfectcontinuoustenseisformedwith"have/hasbeen"followedbythepresentparticipleoftheverb.Itisusedtodescribeanactionthatstartedinthepastandhascontinueduptothepresent,oftenemphasizingthedurationoftheaction.Forexample,"Shehasbeenstudyingforthreehours."解析：本题考查〈现在完成进行时的结构及用法〉。现在完成进行时结构为"have/hasbeen+现在分词"。主要用于描述从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续时间。例如："Hehasbeenworkingonthisprojectsincemorning."（他从早上就开始做这个项目了。）解析中解释了其结构和用法，并给出了例句。5.参考答案：Thepastperfectcontinuoustenseisusedtodescribeanactionthatwasongoingbeforeanotherpastaction.Itemphasizesthedurationoftheactionbeforeitwasinterruptedorcompleted.Forexample,"Theyhadbeenwaitingforanhourwhenthetrainarrived."解析：本题考查〈过去完成进行时的用法〉。过去完成进行时结构为"hadbeen+现在分词"。主要用于描述在过去某个时间点之前一直在进行的动作，强调动作的持续时间。例如："IhadbeenstudyingEnglishfortwoyearsbeforeImovedtoLondon."（我搬到伦敦之前已经学了两年英语了。）解析中解释了其用法和结构，并给出了例句。6.参考答案："Just"isusedtoemphasizethatanactionwascompletedveryrecently,oftenimmediatelybeforethepresentmoment."Already"and"yet"donothavethisemphasisonimmediacy.Forexample,"Ihavejustfinishedmydinner."vs."Ihavealreadyfinishedmydinner."or"Ihaven'tfinishedmydinneryet."解析：本题考查〈just与already/yet的用法区别〉。just强调动作非常最近完成，常用于肯定句。already和yet没有这种强调。例如："Hehasjustarrived."（他刚到。）vs."Hehasalreadyarrived."（他已经到了。）或"Hehasn'tarrivedyet."（他还没到。）解析中对比了三者的用法和侧重点，并给出了例句。7.参考答案：Thesimplepasttenseisusedtodes