2025~2026学年山东德州市高二下学期英语期末试卷

2025~2026学年山东德州市高二下学期英语期末试卷一、阅读理解Dearfellowstudents,Eachyear,ourschoolgoesthroughmorethan50,000plasticbottles,30,000strawsand20,000bags.Mostareusedforunder15minutesyettakecenturiestobreakdown.Thisproblemhassnowballedoverthepastdecade.It’stimetoturnthetide.Whyplasticisaproblem

PlasticitemsSchoolyearlyusageDegradationtimeWaterbottles50,000+450yearsStraws30,000+200yearsShoppingbags20,000+500yearsFoodcontainers15,000+400yearsOver1millionmarineanimalsfallvictimtoplasticwasteeachyear.Asstudents,wecanmakeadifference.Our“Plastic-FreeCampus”InitiativeThechallengeasksparticipantstogowithoutdisposable(一次性的)plastics—bottles,straws,bags,containers—fortendaysstraight.Werequireeverystudenttotakethesethreesteps:1.Bringyourownbottle.Onereusablebottlesavesupto500disposablebottlesayear.Fillitatanycampusfountain.2.Refuseplasticstrawsandbags.Justsay“Nostraw,please.”Carryaclothbagforshopping.3.Refuseunnecessaryplasticpackaging.Choosepackage-freeoptionswheneverpossible.Joinus!FromMay20toMay30,theGreenCampusClubwillruna“Plastic-FreeChallenge”.Participantswhosuccessfullycompletethechallengewillreceiveareusabledrinkbottle(limitedto50winners).Registeratthecluboffice(Room101,ScienceBuilding)orscantheQRcodebelow(seeposteroncampus).Let’sbethegenerationthatendsplasticpollution.Smallchanges,bigimpact.GreenCampusClubMay10,20261.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheinitiative?

A．Tohostaschoolcompetition.B．Topromotereusablewaterbottles.C．Tobanplasticproductsfromschool.D．Toreducedisposableplasticsoncampus.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetable?

A．Strawsareeasiertoreplace.B．Shoppingbagsdegradethefastest.C．Waterbottlesrankfirstinannualusage.D．Foodcontainersarelessharmfulthanstraws.3.Whatdoyouneedtodoasaparticipantifyouwanttowinabottle?

A．Registerforthechallengeonline.B．Recycleplasticsfromthecafeteria.C．Sortplasticstoexchangeforbottles.D．Usereusablebottlesorclothbagsfortendays.Amongthosewhorosefromthehumblestoriginstolastingfame,MichaelFaradaywasoutstandingasanexample.Bornin1791toastrugglingLondonblacksmith(铁匠),Faradayreceivedonlyelementaryschooling—reading,writing,andarithmeticatalocaldayschool.Yetfromsuchunpromisingbeginnings,herosetobecomeoneofhistory’smostinfluentialscientists.Atthirteen,FaradayleftformaleducationandbeganlearningthetradeunderMr.Riebau,abookbinder.Hisprimarydutywasdeliveringnewspapersforhismaster.EachSunday,hewouldrisebeforedawn,distributethepapers,andoccasionallyrequestpermissiontokeepacopyforhimself.Inlaterlife,heseldomencounteredanewsboywithoutasurgeoffellowfeeling.“Ialwaysfeeladeepaffectionforthoseboys,”heonceremarked,“becauseIoncecarriednewspapersmyself.”Thebookshopenvironmentprovedtransformative.Withinreachofnumerousqualityvolumes,Faradayconsumedthemwithexpandingcuriosity.HefoundhimselfespeciallyattractedtoscientificentriesintheEncyclopaediaBritannica,particularlythoseconcerningelectricityandchemistry.Nightafternight,hestayeduplate,painstakinglycopyingpassagesanddrawingdiagrams,drivenbyadeeploveforthescientificbooksthatcameintohishands.Throughsheerdetermination,heprogressivelybuilttheknowledgehedesperatelydesired.Aturningpointarrivedwhenanattentivecustomer,noticingFaraday’senthusiasm,giftedhimwithticketstolecturesdeliveredbytherenownedchemistHumphryDavy.Faradayattended,tookexhaustivenotes,bound(装订)themelegantly,andforwardedthemtoDavyalongwithawrittenrequestforaposition.Impressedbytheyoungman’sdiligenceandskill,DavyappointedhimashisassistantattheRoyalInstitution.Fromablacksmith’ssonwithvirtuallynoadvantages,Faradaywentontouncovertheprinciplesofelectromagneticinduction(电磁感应)andconstructthefirstelectricmotor.Hislifedemonstratesthatone’sstartingpointmattersfarlessthandoggeddedication.4.HowdidFaradayfeelwhileseeinganewsboy?

A．Sympathetic.B．Ambitious.C．Humble.D．Indifferent.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutFaraday’shandwrittencopiesofscientificentries?

A．Theyborewitnesstohisself-education.B．Theywereelegantlyboundandforwarded.C．TheywerelaterpresentedtoHumphryDavy.D．Theywerelimitedtoelectricityandchemistry.6.WhathelpedFaradaybecomeDavy’sassistant?

A．Hisbookbindingskills.B．Aticketfromakindcustomer.C．Hisnoteswithajobapplication.D．Apersonalinterviewafterlectures.7.WhatmessagedoesFaraday’sstoryconvey?

A．Birthdeterminesthefuture.B．Dedicationoutweighsorigin.C．Formalschoolingisoptional.D．Fortunemattersmorethaneffort.Weallholdassumptions,beliefsweacceptastruewithoutquestioning.Butwhydon’tweexaminethemmoreoften?Onereasonisthatourassumptionsarehardtosee.Theyarelikethewaterafishswimsin:invisible,yetsurroundingusentirely.Wedon’tnoticethempreciselybecausetheyaresofamiliar.Yetthedeeperreasonismoreuncomfortable.Asculturalanthropologist(人类学家)MichaelWeschobserves,“Wefailtoexamineourassumptionsnotjustbecausetheyarehardtosee,butalsobecausetheyaresafeandcomfortable.”Ourassumptionsallowustolivewithwhathecalls“thepleasingbeliefthat‘Iamthecenteroftheuniverse,andwhatmattersismyimmediateneedsanddesires.’”Thiscomfortingbeliefdiscouragesusfromfacingmoredifficulttruths—thatourwayofseeingtheworldisnottheonlyway,andthatourownbeliefsmightbejustoneperspectiveamongmany.Challengingourassumptionstakesrealcourage.Whenwequestionsomethingwehavelongtakenforgranted,werisklosingoursenseofcertainty.Wemightdiscoverthatsomethingwebelievedtobetrueisactuallyincompleteorevenmistaken.Thatdiscoverycandisconcertus,rockingtheveryfoundationofwhatweonceheldcertain.Butthereisalsoadifferentresult.Thosewhodaretoexaminetheirassumptionsdevelopwhatanthropologistscall“culturalrelativism”—theabilitytoseeone’sownculturefromtheoutsideandotherculturesfromtheinside.Theybecomemoreopen-minded,morecurious,andmorecapableofunderstandingpeoplewhoseetheworlddifferently.Thequestion,then,isnotwhetherourassumptionsmightbewrong.Therealquestioniswhetherwearebraveenoughtolookatthemandtogrowfromwhatwefind.AsWeschremindsus,theartofbeinghumanliesnotinhavingalltheanswers,butinlearninghowtoseemoredistinctly.Thissharperviewreshapesourunderstandingofselfandothers.8.Whatistherootcauseofwhywedon’texamineassumptions?

A．Wehavenotimetoreflect.B．Wegetusedtoinvisiblethings.C．Welacktheskillstoquestionthem.D．Wetakecomfortinself-importance.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disconcert”inParagraph3mean?

A．Disqualify.B．Stabilize.C．Satisfy.D．Unsettle.10.Whydoestheauthormention“culturalrelativism”?

A．Tosuggestassumptionscannotchange.B．Toexaminecross-culturalunderstanding.C．Toargueourowncultureishardtounderstand.D．Toillustratethebenefitsofchallengingassumptions.11.WhatdoesWeschsuggestintheend?

A．Gainingaclearerperspective.B．Puttingimmediateneedsfirst.C．Stickingwithpleasingbeliefs.D．Avoidinguncomfortabletruths.Evenasglobalwarmingcausessealevelstoriseworldwide,sealevelsaroundGreenlandwilllikelydrop,accordingtoanewpaperinNatureCommunications.“TheGreenlandcoastlineisgoingtoexperiencequiteadifferentoutcome,”saysleadauthorLaurenLewright.“Itssealevelisactuallyprojectedtofall.”AstheGreenlandIceSheetlosesiceduetomelting,thelandbeneathitrises,likeaspringrisingafterweightisremoved.Thisrisedrivessealevelsdown.Meanwhile,alargeicesheethasstronggravitythatpullsseawatertowardit.Astheicegetssmaller,thatgravitationalpullweakens,causingsealevelstofallfurther.Together,theseeffectsareknownasGIA,withgravitychangeaccountingforupto30%ofthedecline.Astheicemelts,thelandliftsandtheocean’spulllessens,workingtowardthesameoutcome.Thenewstudystandsoutbecauseunlikeearlierglobalstudies,theteamcombinedhistoricalsealevelrecordsfromthepastthousandsofyearswithheightdatafrom57satellitetowersaroundGreenland.Bycomparingthemodeledestimateswiththesereal-worldobservations,theyconfirmedthattherapidupliftofGreenland’scoastcannotbeexplainedbyoldermodels.Theirmodelsshowthatthelandreactstoicelossfasterthanpreviouslyassumed,afactoroverlookedinthoseearlierstudies.Thisquickerresponse,inturn,leadstoalargersealevelfallaroundtheislandthiscentury.ThesefindingsnotonlyrefinepredictionsforGreenlandbutalsoofferanewframeworkforstudyingice-coveredregionselsewhere.Theteamalsoprojectedfuturechanges.By2100,underalow-pollutionsituation,sealevelsaroundGreenlandarepredictedtofallby0.7to1.1meters,whileunderhighpollution,by1.7to3.8meters.“Theimpactswillbeverydifferentthananywhereelse,”saysco-authorJacquelineAustermann.Localcommunitiesmayfindtheirportstooshallow,andshippingroutescouldbeaffected.Sheadds,“Anysealevelprojectionneedstobedoneonalocalorregionalscale.”12.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?

A．Bylistingprecisestatistics.B．Bynotinganoddfinding.C．Bydefiningatechnicalterm.D．Byreportingaleadingscientist.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?

A．Theeffectofmeltingonicesheet.B．Thefactorsbehindthesealeveldecline.C．Themethodusedtomeasureicesheetmassloss.D．ThereasonwhygravityisstrongerinGreenland.14.Whatmakesthenewstudyunique?

A．Supportingoldermodels’prediction.B．Collectingdataoverlookedbefore.C．Combininghistoricalandsatellitedata.D．Refiningafasterlandresponsethanexpected.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．Greenland’sFlowingIceSheetsatRiskB．Greenland’sRisingLandandFallingSeaC．Greenland’sGravityChangefromIceLossD．Greenland’sSeaLevelFallunderPollutionInmodernsports,wearabledevicesandvideotrackinggeneratehugeamountsofdata.However,turningthatdataintobettercoachingdecisionsremainsdifficult.CoachM8isanAIsystemdesignedtosolvethisproblemwithoutaddingextraworkforthecoach.16Usingamodelbasedoneightfactorsfromsportsscienceresearch,itcanwarncoachesuptosevendaysbeforeaplayergetshurt.Thisallowstrainingtobeadjustedintime,keepingkeyplayersonthefieldinsteadofintreatment.Whenpreparingforamatch,thesystemscansthewebinrealtimeforanyopponent’srecentresults,formations,andtendencies.17Youwalkintothedressingroomknowingtheirstrengthsandweaknessesbetterthantheyknowthemselves.Trainingplansarealsonolongeraguessinggame.YoutelltheAIyournextmatchdate,thecurrentenergylevelofyourteam,andwhatyouwanttoachieve.TheAIthendesignsaworkoutthatpushestherightplayerswhileprotectingthosewhoaretired.18Playerdevelopmentbecomesfullyvisibleovermonthsoftraining.19Thesystemtrackseachathlete’sspeed,endurance,andworkrate,showingtheirprogressonacleartimeline.Coachescaninstantlyseenotjustwhereaplayerisnow,butwhethertheyaretrulyimproving.Priortoeverygame,CoachM8calculatesareadinessscoreforeachplayerbasedontheirrecentload,recoveryquality,andperformancetrend.20TheAIthenrecommendsthestrongestlineupforthatspecificmatchup.Coachesnolongerhavetoguesswhoisfittoplay.

A．That’showitmakeseverytrainingcount.B．Itsafeguardstheplayersfrominjurylayoffs.C．Yougetaclearansweronwhowillbestarters.D．Ituncoversanyteam’splayingpatternsinstantly.E．Thesystemevaluateeachathlete’sworkrateonline.F．Theteamreportrequiresthecoaches’recentperformance.G．Along-termviewseparatesplayers’realgrowthfromshort-termluck.二、完形填空Leoalwaystrustedhimselfuntilhejoinedtheroboticsteam.Twoseniormembers,EthanandMarcus,21analmostlegendarystatus,rejectinganyone“impractical.”Leosensedtheir22.Whenheproposedanewdesign,Ethandismisseditaswaste.Leo’sface23,andhebegandoubtinghimself.WheneverLeo’sidea24fromtheteam’sapproach,theseniorsstayedsilent.Their25toacknowledgehissuggestionswasaquietpower.Onenight,Leofoundacriticalflaw(缺陷)intheirdesign.Fixingitmeant26theiroriginalframework,somethingtheyhadalreadyrejected.Thenextday,he27hisevidence.Ethanaccusedhimofgoingbehindtheirbacks.Leonearlyapologizedbutstopped.Hehaddonenothing28.“Theflawisreal,”hesaid.“IfyouignoreitbecauseIfoundit,that’sonyou.”Herefusedto29.Ethansighed,“Showmethenumbersagain.”Leo30himthroughthedata,stepbystep.NoonepraisedLeo,butnoone31himeither.Soontheteamadoptedhis32.MarcusneverfullyacceptedLeobuthadtoadmitLeowasright.Theteambeganto33,notfromwarmth,butfromplaintruth.Leoearnedtheirrespect.Leounderstoodthen:34ofrejectionismoredangerousthanrejectionitself.Byholdinghisground,hebecameatruth-teller,nota35.Thatmeanspreservingyourvoice,notloweringit.21.A．deservedB．heldC．claimedD．assumed22.A．generosityB．curiosityC．indifferenceD．approval23.A．burnedB．softenedC．brightenedD．relaxed24.A．resultedB．learnedC．recoveredD．differed25.A．refusalB．eagernessC．failureD．attempt26.A．preservingB．followingC．challengingD．strengthening27.A．reviewedB．presentedC．predictedD．admitted28.A．practicalB．illegalC．wrongD．dangerous29.A．goawayB．breakupC．fallapartD．backdown30.A．walkedB．carriedC．countedD．sent31.A．greetedB．trustedC．askedD．dismissed32.A．guessB．fixC．mistakeD．test33.A．moveB．argueC．shiftD．hesitate34.A．thoughtB．riskC．fearD．doubt35.A．followerB．killerC．leaderD．partner三、语法填空阅读下面材料，在题后空白处填入适当的内容（每空一词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Buildingsaremorethanjuststructures.Architecture,36providesaclearexpressionofhowacultureviewsitself,revealsthedeepestvaluesofacivilizationtoagreaterextent37anyotherartformdoes.Todemonstratethispoint,considerthefundamentaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternarchitecturaltraditions,aclear38(understand)ofwhichisessentialforanystudentofglobalculture.TraditionalChinesebuildings,constructed39(primary)fromwood,emphasizeharmonywithnature.Thewood-basedmaterialsenablestructures40(bend)withtheforcesofwindandearthquakeratherthanresistingthemrigidly.Thischoiceispracticalandphilosophical,forwood,beingorganic41impermanent,reflectsTaoism—livewithnature,notcontrolit.Westernclassicalarchitecture,bycontrast,42(shape)bythepursuitofpermanence.Stoneandmarble(大理石)structures,fromGreektemplestoRomanbasilicas,arebuilttolastforever.WhileaChinesecourtyardhousespreadsoutin43horizontalmannerasaseriesofslowlyshownspaces,theWesterncathedral(大教堂)risesstraightuptothesky,symbolising44(it)wishtogobeyondearthlylimits.Chinesearchitectureisgentleand45(invite),whileWesternarchitectureisgrandandcommanding.ThesetwoapproacheshavebothbeeninfluencedbyTaoistnaturalismandPlatonic(柏拉图式的)idealism.四、书信写作46.你校英文网站“MySummerMix”论坛征集学生暑期最想提升的一项技能（如游泳、绘画、摄影、英语口语等）。请你投稿，内容包括：1．选择与理由；2．计划与目标。注意：1．写作词数应为100左右；2．请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。MySummerMix_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使其构成一篇完整的短文。OneDecemberevening,LiMingsataloneinhisdormitory.AnadmissionletterfromafamousTVstationlayonhisdesk,promisingagoodcareerandabrightfuture.Hisprofessor,DrChen,thoughthewouldbeanexcellentanchor(主播).Butsomethinghadchangedinsidehim.Inhisfinalyear,hesawareportaboutaremotevillageinhishomeprovince.Farmproductswentunsoldduetopoorroads.Aworriedfarmersaid,“Wehaveagreatharvest,butwecan’tsellit.”Thefarmer’swearytoneremindedhimofhisgrandfather’swordsyearsago:“Thelandgives,butnoonecomestotake.”Thatimagestayed—hisgrandparentslivedthereandgreworanges,butneverusedsmartphones.Nowhehadtochoosebetweenthejobandhelpingpeoplelikehisgrandparents.Longbeforeth