阅读理解题型分类练(九)　词句猜测题-代词指代类

阅读理解题型分类练(九)词句猜测题——代词指代类(分值：30分)授课提示：对应专题检测题题过25页A(2025·河北省部分校模拟)WhenMartinRothbeganhiscareerasaforestrangerinthe1980s,hisjobwastocarefortheforestinawaythatwouldensurecontinuityfordecades,evencenturies.Now,withclimatechange,it'smoreaboutplanningforanuncertainfuture.“It'sturnedintodisastermanagement，”saysRoth,forwhomthe3，000acresofforestalongthenortheasternshoreofLakeConstanceinGermanydoubleasatestinggroundforhigh-techsolutions,earninghimthetitle“digitalforster”，whichreferstoarangerexpertinemployinghigh-techtools.ThatwaswidelycelebratedintheGermanforestrycommunity.Afteradisastrousstorm,theclockstartsticking:Damagedtreesneedtoberemovedbeforethearrivalofbarkbeetles,whichmultiplyindeadtreesandcangoontodestroyentireforests.WhileitusedtotakeRothtwoandahalfhourstocoveranacreofforestonfoot,drones(无人机)nowlethimmonitorandsurveytheentire3，000acresinamatterofdays,sohecanquicklylocatedamagedtrees,identifyandinformtheownersofaffectedplots,andsendinformationtoworkersontheground.Ittakesforestsoildecadestorecoverafterbeingcompacted(压实)byheavyloggingequipment.That'swhyRothhasdigitallymappedalltheloggingpathsandequippedtreeharvesterswithsatellitesothemachinescaneasilyfollowthesameroutefordecadesandeasilyfindtheminthechaoticaftermathofastorm.GPSdataisusedtorecordhowmuchwoodwastakenfromwhichlocation—acrucialupgradeinaforestwithmanydifferentowners.NowuptohalfofEuropeantreespeciesareunsuitedtorisingtemperaturesandextendeddroughtperiods,soRothhasbegunexperimentingwithnewspecies,plantingtheminsmallgroupsandkeepingtrackoftheminhissystem.Withaforestinflux(不断变化),therearedozensofareasthatneedinterventionsatdifferenttimes,andtherearenotenoughemployeestokeepitallstraight,hesays:“EitherIknowit,orthecomputerknowsit,ornooneknowsitandit'slost.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了森林管理员MartinRoth在面对气候变化时，如何利用高科技工具来管理和保护森林。1．Whatdoestheunderlined“That”refertoinParagraph1？()A．Thesolution.B．Thetool.C．Themonitor.D．Thetitle.答案：D解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前文“‘它已经变成了灾难管理，’罗斯说，对他来说，德国康斯坦茨湖东北岸的3000英亩森林既是高科技解决方案的试验场，也为他赢得了‘数字护林员’的称号，指的是使用高科技工具的护林员专家。”可知，代词指代前文提到的事物，此处应是“数字护林员”的称号。故选D。2．WhatdoesParagraph2highlightabouttechnologyinforestry？()A．Itsspeedandprecision.B．Itsoperatingprinciples.C．Itsconsiderableexpenses.D．Itslimitationsinapplication.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，本段主要强调了林业技术的速度和精度。故选A。3．WhatdoesRothemphasizeinthelastparagraph？()A．Thechallengesofplantingnewtreespecies.B．TheimpactofclimatechangeonEuropeanforests.C.Theneedformoreemployeesinforestmanagement.D．Theimportanceofinformationmanagementandrecording.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，本段Roth强调了信息管理和记录的重要性。故选D。4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？()A．Toshowhowtechnologychangesforestcare.B.Todefendtraditionalmethodsofforestmanagement.C．Toexplaintheimportanceofplantingnewtreespecies.D．Tohighlightthechallengesofclimatechangeforforestry.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及纵观全文可知，本文的目的是介绍森林管理员MartinRoth在面对气候变化时，如何利用高科技工具来管理和保护森林。故选A。B(2025·济南高三模拟)WildlifephotographerIngoArndtdiscoveredhisfirstenormousantmound(蚁丘)asachildexploringtheforestwithhisfatherneartheirhomealmost50yearsago.Theywerebird-watchingandcamearoundabendinathicklywoodedareawhenthereitwas:afive-foot-tallmound,standingupwardlikealargestalagmite(石笋).Arndtwantedtoinvestigatemoreclosely,butaveryparticularsmellsuggestedherethinkthat.Theairfeltthickandsharp,discomfortinghisnose.“Allmylife，”hesays,“Icouldrememberthesmell.”Severalyearslater,Arndtmovedtothecountryside.Hecontinuedhisfascinationwiththemoundsandtheirarmiesoftinyengineers.Outfittedwithahigh-resolutioncamera,hebeganphotographingthemoundsandsharinghisimagerywithresearchersforascientificperspective.Itturnedoutthemoundmakerswereindeedspecial.Theywereredwoodants—oneofthesmallestofallso-calledkeystonespecies.Keystonespeciessuchaselephantsandsharksarewatchedcloselybecausetheirbehaviorsaffectsomanyaspectsoftheecosystemthatiftheydisappeared，itwouldstruggletoadapt.Researchersalsoexplainedthesmellfromthemound.Astheinsectsbuildanest,theygenerateformicacid(蚁酸),theoriginofthesmell,whichhelpstofightagainstenemies.Butinrecentdecades,thepopulationofantshasbeendecliningastheforestshavefallenvictimtologging,urbanization,andwildfires,aswellasdroughtandhighertemperaturesthathavebecomemorefrequentwithclimatechange.Thishasledseveralcountriesacrosstheants'range,includingGermany,toenlistthemasaprotectedspeciesbylaw.TodayArndt'sphotosputondisplaythatassocialinsects,thesesmallantsnotonlyformcomplexsocieties,buttheyalsocohabitatewithawidevarietyofspecies,creatingamassofcoexistingrelationshipsacrossavarietyofplantandanimalspecies.Theyarealsoareminderthatbyprotectingtheseunnoticedcreatures,weareactuallyprotectingourselves.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。5．HowwasArndt'sfirstencounterwiththeantmound？()A．Itremindedhimofabadexperience.B．Itlefthimanunforgettablememory.C．Itarousedhisenthusiasmfornature.D．Itinspiredhimtoprotecttheforests.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Arndtwantedtoinvestigatemoreclosely,butaveryparticularsmellsuggestedherethinkthat.Theairfeltthickandsharp,discomfortinghisnose.‘Allmylife，’hesays,‘Icouldrememberthesmell.’”可知，Arndt对蚁丘的气味留下了深刻的印象，这段经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。故选B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto？()A．Thewoodedarea．B．Themoundmaker.C．Thekeystonespecies.D．Theentireecosystem.答案：D解析：代词指代题。根据第二段中“Keystonespeciessuchaselephantsandsharksarewatchedcloselybecausetheirbehaviorsaffectsomanyaspectsoftheecosystemthatiftheydisappeared,itwouldstruggletoadapt.”可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，如果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应，所以，画线代词it指的是上文提到的生态系统。故选D。7．Whatcontributedtothedecreaseinthenumberofants？()A．Theirworsenedhabitats.B．Theirchangingbehavior.C．Theirseverecompetition.D．Theirlimitedpopulation.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段可知，蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、干旱和气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化。故选A。8．Whatisthetextmainlyintendedtotellus？()A．Massivelivesexistonearth.B．Tinyspeciescountinnature.C．Socialcreaturesliveingroups.D．Littleantsaremasterarchitects.答案：B解析：推理判断题。全文通过Arndt的经历和对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性，尤其是它们对生态系统的影响。最后一段提到“Theyarealsoareminderthatbyprotectingtheseunnoticedcreatures,weareactuallyprotectingourselves.”进一步点明了保护微小物种的意义。故选B。C(2025·厦门高中毕业班第二次质量检测)Snowcanbeapowerfulreminderofchildhoodsnowdays—thatjoyfulsurprisewhenanotherexpecteddayofsittinginschoolturnedintoonethatwasinsteadfilledwithsnowballfightsorskating.Buttherearealsoplentyofreasonswhysnowcanappealtopeoplewithoutthatfondnostalgia(怀旧).Snowquiteliterallychangesourphysicalexperienceoftheworld.Forexample,freshlyfallensnowisporous(多孔的)enoughtoabsorbsoundwell,makingtheworldquieter.Anditplaysevenmorestronglyonoursenseofsight.Oneaspectofthatvisualappealisthewaysnowreflectslightinthedarkermonths.“Alotofpeoplereallystrugglewithwinterdarknessasmuchastheystrugglewiththecold，”saysLeibowitz,whohaswrittenabookaboutmentalhealthinwinter.“Thebrighteningeffectofthesnow,Ithink,isreallypowerful.”Snowchangestheveryshapeoftheworldpeopleseearoundthem,Leibowitzsays,pointingtothewayafreshblanketofithidesandyetrevealsthesurroundings.“Thingsthatyoulookateverydaysuddenlycanappearverydifferent，”shesays.Intherightconditions,snowcanbefascinating.Butforcertainpeople,thesameweathercanbecometheveryopposite:annoying,exhaustingordepressing.Leibowitzrecommendswelcomingchangingseasons,takinginspirationfromthelongnightsandcolddays—andarguesthatsnowcanbeahelpfulcuetodoso.“It'ssuchaclearvisualreminderthatwe'reinadifferentseasonthatperhapsitinspirespeopletorespondmoreadaptively，”shesays.Butasclimatechangecontinuestounfold,somehistoricallysnowyareaswilllosethemostmagicalprecipitation(降水)andfacenothingbutcoldrain.“Therearealotofplacesintheworldthatarerightonthisborderlinewherethedifferenceofacoupleofdegreesofwarmingisthedifferencebetweenawhite,snowywinter...andagray,rainywinter，”Leibowitzsays.“Ithinkthere'salotthatislostwhenwelosethecoldandwhenwelosethesnow.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验，还建议人们适应季节变化，同时表达了对因气候变化雪减少的担忧。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”refertoinParagraph1？()A．Areminder.B．Asurprise.C．Aday.D．Asnowball.答案：C解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在部分“whenanotherexpecteddayofsittinginschoolturnedintoonethatwasinsteadfilledwithsnowballfightsorskating”可知，one是代词，与“anotherexpectedday”词义相关，结合其后定语从句“thatwasinsteadfilled