北京市昌平区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1北京市昌平区2024-2025学年高一下学期期末英语试题第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。TuanPhamwasfeelingprettygoodabouthimselfasheapproachedthe12-milemarkoftheLongBeachHalfMarathon(马拉松).The___1___onOct.15,2023,wasthe47-year-old’sseventhsuchevent,andhecouldn’twaittocelebrateatthefinishlinewithhisteenageson,whohadracedahead.Phamtookanothersteportwo,andthatwasthelastthinghe___2___.Hehadnoideahowhefellface-firsttotheground,wherehe___3___withoutmovingasrunnersskirtedhim.Hehadnoheartbeat,norwashebreathing.JustasPham___4___theground,RyanChiu,asurgeon(外科医生)fromLongBeachMedicalCenter,wasleavingarestaurantafewfeetaway.Dr.Chiu___5___recognizedwhatwashappening.HerantoPham’ssideandbeganchestcompressions(胸部按压).Heenlistedthehelpofabystander,whotookoveroncompressionswhileDr.Chiu___6___hishospitalandtoldthemtoprepareanoperatingroomandgatherasurgicalteam.Minuteslater,anambulancearrived.DoctorsliftedupPhamand___7___himtothehospital,withDr.Chiufollowinginhisowncar.ThesurgerythatDr.Chiuperformedwasa___8___,andPhamisaliveandwell—wellenoughtoreturntotherouteoftheLongBeachHalfMarathonandpickupwherehe___9___.Phamlikelywouldn’thavehadthat_____10_____iffortunehadn’tsteppedin.IfChiuhadlefttherestaurantearly,hewouldneverhaveseenPhamfalling.“Ican’tbelievethefirstguytoseemefall,toshowupandgivemehelp,wasasurgeon,”Phamtoldthereporter.“HowluckyIam!”1.A.run B.walk C.jump D.climb2.A.expected B.wanted C.remembered D.tried3.A.sat B.stood C.stopped D.lay4.A.hit B.found C.covered D.left5.A.immediately B.gradually C.especially D.naturally6.A.searched B.called C.paid D.showed7.A.allowed B.sped C.forced D.invited8.A.warning B.reward C.success D.preparation9.A.movedon B.backedup C.calmeddown D.leftoff10.A.connection B.opportunity C.challenge D.accident【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.A5.A6.B7.B8.C9.D10.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述在2023年10月15日的长滩半程马拉松比赛中，47岁的TuanPham在接近12英里标记处突然倒地，心跳呼吸骤停，幸运地获得了医生的及时救助的故事。【1题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2023年10月15日的这场跑步比赛是这位47岁选手的第七次此类赛事，他迫不及待地想在终点线与跑在前面的十几岁儿子一起庆祝。A.run跑步；B.walk步行；C.jump跳跃；D.climb攀爬。根据“theLongBeachHalfMarathon”可知，这是一场跑步比赛，run符合语境，故选A项。【2题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Pham又迈出了一两步，这是他记得的最后一件事。A.expected期望；B.wanted想要；C.remembered记得；D.tried尝试。根据“Hehadnoideahowhefellface-firsttotheground”可知，他摔倒后不知道怎么回事，所以又迈的这一两步是他摔倒前记得的最后一件事，remembered符合语境，故选C项。【3题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不知道自己是怎么脸朝下摔倒在地的，他躺在那里一动不动，跑步者们绕过他。A.sat坐；B.stood站；C.stopped停止；D.lay躺。根据“fellface-firsttotheground”可知，摔倒后他是躺在地上，lay符合语境，故选D项。【4题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在Pham摔倒在地的时候，长滩医疗中心的外科医生RyanChiu正从几英尺外的一家餐厅离开。A.hit撞击，摔倒；B.found发现；C.covered覆盖；D.left离开。根据上文“hefellface-firsttotheground”可知，这里指Pham摔倒在地，hittheground“摔倒在地”，符合语境，故选A项。【5题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Chiu医生立刻意识到发生了什么。A.immediately立刻；B.gradually逐渐地；C.especially尤其；D.naturally自然地。根据上文“asurgeon(外科医生)”以及下文“recognizedwhatwashappening.”可知，作为医生，看到有人倒地，应该是立刻意识到情况，immediately符合语境，故选A项。【6题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他寻求了一位旁观者的帮助，这位旁观者接替他进行胸部按压，而Chiu医生打电话给他的医院，让他们准备一间手术室并召集一个手术团队。A.searched搜索；B.called打电话；C.paid支付；D.showed展示。根据下文“toldthemtoprepareanoperatingroomandgatherasurgicalteam”可知，Chiu医生是打电话给医院安排这些事，called符合语境，故选B项。【7题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生们抬起Pham，迅速将他送往医院，Chiu医生自己开车跟在后面。A.allowed允许；B.sped快速运送；C.forced强迫；D.invited邀请。根据常识可知，因为情况紧急，所以是迅速将Pham送往医院，sped符合语境，故选B项。【8题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Chiu医生进行的手术很成功，Pham现在安然无恙——好到足以回到长滩半程马拉松的赛道上，从他停下的地方继续跑。A.warning警告；B.reward奖励；C.success成功；D.preparation准备。根据“Phamisaliveandwell”可知，手术成功了，success符合语境，故选C项。【9题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Chiu医生进行的手术很成功，Pham现在安然无恙——好到足以回到长滩半程马拉松的赛道上，从他停下的地方继续跑。A.movedon继续前进；B.backedup支持，倒车；C.calmeddown平静下来；D.leftoff停止，中断。这里指回到马拉松赛道从摔倒中断的地方继续，leftoff符合语境，故选D项。【10题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是运气介入，Pham可能不会有这个机会。A.connection联系；B.opportunity机会；C.challenge挑战；D.accident事故。根据下文“fortunehadn’tsteppedin.”可知，Pham很幸运遇到了医生Dr.Chiu，所以才能重获新生，所以这里指Pham能康复并重返赛道的机会，opportunity符合语境，故选B项。第二节：语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。HalimatuisayoungvolunteerworkinginavillageinSierraLeone.Whileshewasdoingdoor-to-doorvisits,andencouragingcommunitiestopracticehandwashing,people____11____(say)thattheydidn’thaverunningwaterandcouldn’taffordsoap.____12____(disappoint)bywhattheytoldher,Halimatudecidedtolearnhowtomakeatippy-tap,ahands-freewaytowashyourhandsandissuitedforvillages.Halimatu____13____(help)morecommunitiessincethen.【答案】11.said12.Disappointed13.hashelped【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了在塞拉利昂一个村庄工作的年轻志愿者哈利玛图的故事。【11题详析】考查动词时态。句意：当她挨家挨户走访，鼓励社区居民洗手时，人们说他们没有自来水，也买不起肥皂。这里描述的是过去发生的事情，即过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。say的过去式为said，故填said。【12题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对他们告诉她的情况感到失望，哈利玛图决定学习如何制作“tippy-tap”，这是一种免接触洗手的方式，适合村庄使用。分析句子结构可知，此句已有谓语动词decided，disappoint需用非谓语形式。bedisappointedby是固定搭配，意为“对……感到失望”，这里省略be动词，用过去分词Disappointed作状语，故填Disappointed。【13题详析】考查动词时态。句意：从那以后，哈利玛图帮助了更多的社区。根据时间状语“sincethen”可知，此处强调从过去某个时间（学习制作“tippy-tap”之后）开始一直持续到现在的动作，对现在产生了影响，应用现在完成时。其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语Halimatu是第三人称单数，所以用hashelped，故填hashelped。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。OiBaishi(1864-1957)isoneofthemostwell-knownChinesepainters____14____theplayfulstyleofhiswatercolorworks.Inhispainting“MouseandCatwithaLamp(灯)”,amouseisstandingonthetopofalongpole____15____alampishung.Underthepoleisacat.Despitetheimage’ssimplecomposition,themovingandstillpartsareboththere,____16____(create)astrikingsituation.Theimagesofmouseandcatareverydifferentfromeachother,____17____causesaheartylaugh.【答案】14.for15.where16.creating17.which【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了齐白石及其水彩画作品《油灯猫鼠图》。【14题详析】考查介词。句意：齐白石(18641957)是中国最著名的画家之一，以他水彩画作品的俏皮风格而闻名。根据语境可知，此处表示“以……风格而闻名”，用介词for；bewell-knownfor“因……而闻名”。故填for。【15题详析】考查定语从句。句意：在他的画作《油灯猫鼠图》中，一只老鼠站在一根挂着灯的长杆顶端。“____alampishung”是定语从句，修饰先行词alongpole，关系将其代入从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。【16题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管画面构图简单，但动静元素都有，营造出一种不可思议的情景。“(create)astrikingsituation”在句中作伴随状语，create(创造)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语themovingandstillparts之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动。故填creating。【17题详析】考查定语从句。句意：老鼠和猫的形象彼此非常不同，这让人开怀大笑。“____causesaheartylaugh”是非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词将句中所述情况带入从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号所给词的正确形式填空。Active____18____(learner)donotaccepteverythingtheylearn.Theyattempttofindthetruthattheheartofeachidea.Evenwhenanideasounds____19____(entire)unlikely,theremaybeanaspectofitthatisbasedontruth.Soifsomeonesaysthatdinosaursstillexisttoday,thinkabout____20____theybelievethis.Ifyoutrytofindoutthesourceofanidea,nomatterhowcrazyitseems,youwillincreaseyourchanceoflearningsomething.【答案】18.learners19.entirely20.why【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了积极的学习者不会盲目接受所学的一切，而是会探寻每个观点背后的真相，即便观点听起来荒谬，也可能有基于事实的一面，努力探寻想法的来源会增加学习的机会。【18题详析】考查名词。句意：积极的学习者不会接受他们所学的一切。提示词learner(学习者)作主语，结合谓语动词“do”可知，主语是复数名词。故填learners。【19题详析】考查副词。句意：即使一个想法听起来完全不可能，其中也可能有基于事实的一面。提示词修饰形容词unlikely，用副词entirely作状语，意为“完全地”。故填entirely。【20题详析】考查名词性从句。句意：所以如果有人说恐龙今天仍然存在，想想他们为什么会这么认为。“____theybelievethis”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“他们为什么会这么认为”，用连接副词why引导该从句，并在从句中作原因状语。故填why。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFIRST(ForInspirationandRecognitionofScienceandTechnology)isaglobalnonprofitorganizationthatpreparesyoungpeopleforthefuturethroughteam-basedroboticsprogramsforages4-18.FIRSThoststhousandsofeventsaroundtheglobeannually.TheseeventsaremadepossiblethroughthesupportofeventvolunteerswhoworkalongwithotherswhoreallylikethetaskofFIRSTtorunseasonaleventsatthelocal,regional,andeveninternationallevels.Eventvolunteerscanbe:●FIRSTgraduates●Non-profitorganizationstaffsupportingorparticipatinginroboticsprograms●Parentsofroboticsprogramstudents●Teachers/Professorsteachingororganizingscienceprojects●Expertsinrelatedfields(e.g.,engineers,programmers)●EmployeesofTechcompanies●UndergraduatesandteachersincollegesAsaneventvolunteeryouwill:●Becomeresponsiblemembersoftheglobalcommunitywhorecognizethatyourcollectiveskillscancreatemeaningfulchangesinsomeone’slife,inthecommunity,andevenintheworld.●Joinacommunityoflike-mindedindividualsthatsupportFIRSTprograms.●ReceivegeneralFIRSTtrainingandtrainingforyourvolunteerrole.●Gainvaluableskillsincertainfieldsthatmaybegoodforyourfuturejobs.●Haveachancetogettrainingrecordsofvolunteerism.Nomatterwhatlevelyouwanttobeinvolvedin,thereisaroleforyou,fromsafetyworkerstojudges,andhoststoofficials.Somerolesrequirealittletimewithquickpreparationsontheday.Otherrolesrequirepre-eventtrainingandlongerparticipationoneventdays.Technicalandnon-technicaleventvolunteerrolesarereadytosupportFIRSTprograms.Howtosignup:FirstyoushouldcreateanaccountintheFIRSTwebsite:sign-upisinthetoprightcornerofthispageorbyclickingthe“StartVolunteerRegistration”buttonbelow.ThenclicktheVolunteerRegistrationtab&choose“VolunteeratanEvent”.Youcansearcheventsbylocationandchooseuptofiveroles.Youmustenteryoure-mail:Thisemailwillbeusedtoreceivetheresultandgetyourpasswordifyouforgetit.Beforereceivinganemailtocheckyourvolunteerrole,youshouldfillinayouthprotectionbackgroundsurvey.21.WhoislikelytobecomeaFIRSTeventvolunteer?A.FIRSTparticipants. B.Scienceteachers.C.Governmentstaff. D.Expertsinbusiness.22.WhatwillFIRSTeventvolunteersreceivefromtheirwork?A.Certainjoboffersinrelatedfields. B.Smallgiftsfortheirtimeandeffort.C.Basictrainingandrole-specificpreparation. D.Chancestomeetindividualsofvariousinterests.23.Whatdoapplicantsneedtododuringthesign-up?A.Completeabackgroundcheck. B.Checktheresultonthewebsite.C.Createanewemailaccount. D.Searchforeventsbytime.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了FIRST是全球非营利组织，通过机器人项目培养青少年，其活动需志愿者，介绍了志愿者类型、收获、角色及注册流程，鼓励人们参与。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据Eventvolunteerscanbe部分“●Teachers/Professorsteachingororganizingscienceprojects(教授或组织科学项目的教师)”可知，科学教师有可能成为“FIRST”活动的志愿者。故选B。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据Asaneventvolunteeryouwill部分“●ReceivegeneralFIRSTtrainingandtrainingforyourvolunteerrole.(获得FIRST的基础培训和针对具体角色的培训)”可知，参加活动的志愿者在工作中会得到基础培训以及针对具体岗位的准备指导。故选C。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Beforereceivinganemailtocheckyourvolunteerrole,youshouldfillinayouthprotectionbackgroundsurvey.(在收到确认你志愿者角色的邮件之前，你需要填写一份青少年保护背景调查)”可知，申请人在注册时需要完成背景调查。故选A。BInatech-drivenworld,CaineMonroy,ayounginventivetalent,stoodoutwithhisimaginationandcleverness,provingthatacardboardboxandadreamcanproducesomethingextraordinary.Itbeganin2011whennine-year-oldCainespenthissummervacationathisfather’scarpartsstoreinEastLosAngeles.Withfewfriendstoplaywithhefoundjoyinmakingacardboardgameroomwithgameslikebasketballgoals,atoy-catchingmachine,andsoccer.Hiscreativitywasendless,andheranhisgameroomwithpassion,charging$1fortwoturnsor$2foraFunPasswith500turns.Despitehiscreativityandhardwork,atfirst,fewpeoplepayattentiontoCaine’sgameroom,duetoitslocationwithlittlefoottraffic.However,Cainebelievedthatonedayhe’dhavecustomers.Hisgameroomwastoogoodforpeoplenottoenjoy.Hekeptworkingeveryday,building,improving,andmakingitbetter.Thenadocumentaryfilmmaker,NirvanMullick,discoveredthegameroomandwasimpressedbyCaine’sdetermination,leadingtoashortfilmabouthim.Thedocumentary“Caine’sgameroom”becamepopularonsocialmedia,reachingallovertheworldandinspiringmanytovalueimaginationandcreativity.Thedocumentarybecamepopular,andsuddenly,Caine’sgameroombecameawidelybigsuccess.Hundredsofpeoplelinedupatthecarpartsstore,eagertoexperiencethewonderofthecardboardgameroom.Thesmall,one-dollargamesthatoncesatunnoticedandoverlookednowattractedattentionfromallcornersoftheglobe.IthasalsobecomeaninspirationforteacherswhousetheconceptforSTEAMlessonsandsummerprojects.Caine’spopularityasaspeakercomesfromhisremarkableexperience,withsixForbesfeaturesandover250,000mediaimpressionsworldwide.HehasgiventwoTedXTalksandispreparingforathird.HisspeakingactivitieshavetakenhimtofamouseventsliketheCannesLionsFestivalandlocationsincludingNewYork,SanFrancisco,USC,andtheWhiteHouse,allbeforehis18thbirthday.Currently,Caineisstudyingatcollegeandwritinghisfirstshowbook.Heremainsapopularspeakerandisarolemodelformanyyoungindividuals,inspiringthemtowelcometheircreativity.24.Cainebuiltthegameroomdueto.A.hisshortageoffriends B.hispopularityC.hisendlessideas D.hisexpectations25.HowdidCainefeelwhennocustomerscametohisgameroom?A.Upset. B.Angry. C.Hopeful. D.Surprised.26.HowdidCainegainglobalattention?A.Thelowpriceofhisgameroommadehimfamous.B.Customersintroducedhisgameroomtomorepeople.C.Adocumentaryofhisgameroomspreadwidelyonline.D.STEAMlessonshecreatedwithteachersbecamepopular.27.WhatcanwelearnfromCaine’sstory?A.Dreambigandstartsmall.B.Fortunefavorsthebraveperson.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D.Creativityinviteslucktoknock.【答案】24.A25.C26.C27.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了小男孩凯恩利用纸箱搭建游戏室，起初少有人关注，后来一部纪录片使其闻名全球，他也成了很多年轻人的榜样。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Withfewfriendstoplaywithhefoundjoyinmakingacardboardgameroomwithgameslikebasketballgoals,atoy-catchingmachine,andsoccer.(由于几乎没有朋友一起玩，他在制作一个纸板游戏室中找到了乐趣，里面有篮球架、抓玩具机和足球等游戏)”可知，凯恩搭建游戏室是因为他缺少朋友。故选A项。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Despitehiscreativityandhardwork,atfirst,fewpeoplepayattentiontoCaine’sgameroom,duetoitslocationwithlittlefoottraffic.

However,Cainebelievedthatonedayhe’dhavecustomers.Hisgameroomwastoogoodforpeoplenottoenjoy.Hekeptworkingeveryday,building,improving,andmakingitbetter.(尽管他很有创意，也很努力，但一开始，很少有人注意到凯恩的游戏室，因为它的位置人流量很少。然而，凯恩相信有一天他会有顾客的。他的游戏室太棒了，人们不可能不喜欢。他每天都坚持工作，不断建造、改进，让它变得更好)”可知，当没有顾客来他的游戏室时，他依然满怀希望。故选C项。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thedocumentary‘Caine’sgameroom’becamepopularonsocialmedia,reachingallovertheworldandinspiringmanytovalueimaginationandcreativity.(纪录片《凯恩的游戏室》在社交媒体上走红，传遍了世界各地，激励了许多人重视想象力和创造力)”和第四段中“Thedocumentarybecamepopular,andsuddenly,Caine’sgameroombecameawidelybigsuccess.(这部纪录片走红后，突然间，凯恩的游戏室获得了巨大的成功)”可知，一部关于他游戏室的纪录片在网上广泛传播，让他获得了全球关注。故选C项。【27题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Inatech-drivenworld,CaineMonroy,ayounginventivetalent,stoodoutwithhisimaginationandcleverness,provingthatacardboardboxandadreamcanproducesomethingextraordinary.(在这个科技驱动的世界里，年轻的发明天才CaineMonroy凭借他的想象力和聪明才智脱颖而出，证明了纸箱和梦想可以创造出非凡的东西)”可知，本文主要讲述了Caine用纸箱打造游戏室并获得成功的励志故事，体现了创造力的重要性，所以从Caine的故事中我们知道了“Creativityinviteslucktoknock.|(创造力会带来好运)”。故选D项。CExtremeweatherevents,suchastornadoes,cancausewidespreaddamagetoforests,leadingtoenvironmentalandfinanciallosses.Whentreesfallduringthesestorms,ecosystemsmightbeinfluenced,increasingforestmanagementcosts.Asclimatechangeworsens,severestormsareexpectedtobecomemorefrequent,makingitimportanttounderstandhowforestsrespondtowindstress.Whilepreviousstudieshaveexploredhowtreesreacttowind,itisunclearwhethertheseresponsesremainthesameacrossdifferentforestconfigurations.Withthisaim,ateamofresearchersledbyAssociateProfessorKanaKamimura,testedhowtreesmoveundervariousforestarrangementsandweatherconditions,includinghowtreeswithstandwind.Theresearchaimstoexplainhowwindsdirectlyimpacttreesandhowtreesreducethestressfromwindtosurvive.Toachievethis,researcherssetuptwoexperimentalareasofcedartrees,inNovember2017.Inthefirstplot,P-100wasmadeupof3,000treesperhectare,creatingathickforest.Inthesecondplot,P-50,halfofthetreeswereremovedforthisresearch,leaving1,500treesperhectare.Overtwoyears,theteamwatched24treesinthedense(密集的)areaand12inthethinnedarea,usingtoolstotracktherangeoftreesmovementduringvariouswindconditions.Thetrackingperiodincludedmanytyphoons,suchasTyphoonTrami,in2018,whichcausedsignificantdamagetothethinnedplot.Theresearchersfoundthatcedartreesshowtwocompletelydifferentswayingpatternsdependingonwindspeed.Inlightwinds,thetreesswayedataround2to2.3cyclespersecond,withtheirbranchestakinginmuchofthewindenergy,protectingthetrunksandrootsfromwindstress.However,athigherwindspeeds,thetreeschangedtoaslowerswayingpatternof0.2to0.5cyclespersecond.Inthiscase,thewholetreeswayedtogether,changingforceacrossthetrunkandroots,increasingtheprobabilityofbreakageoruprooting.Interestingly,thechangebetweenthesetwoswayingpatternsoccurredatdifferentwindspeeds,dependingontheforestdensity.Inthedensearea,thetreesswitchedpatternsatwindspeedsbetween1.79and7.44meterspersecond.Incontrast,inthethinnedplot,thechangeoccurredatslightlylowerwindspeeds,rangingfrom1.57to5.63meterspersecond.Thisstudyoffersvaluableunderstandingforbalancingthinningwithwindresistanceinforestmanagementtosupportlong-lastingforestrypractices,andhelpforestsgothroughextremeclimatechanges.28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theresultsofthepreviousstudies. B.Thepracticalreasonsfortheresearch.C.Thepotentialeffectsofextremeweather. D.Thechallengesbroughtbyclimatechanges.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“configurations”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Areas. B.Sizes. C.Types. D.Layouts.30.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyconductedbytheresearchers?A.Thetreestendtoswaymoreviolentlyasthewindbecomesstronger.B.Thebranchesoftreestookinmostofthewindenergyinstrongwind.C.Plantingtreesinathinnedpatterncanhelpprotecttreesfromstorms.D.Treesinthinnedplotschangetheirswayingpatterninlighterwinds.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tocallonpeopletoplantmoretreesinthinnedarea.B.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentprotection.C.Toofferideasforamorereasonableforestmanagement.D.Tocomparethedifferentswayingpatternsoftreesinstorms.【答案】28.B29.D30.D31.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了因极端天气频发，研究人员测试不同森林布局和天气下树木的反应，发现其摇曳模式随风速和密度变化，为森林管理提供参考。【28题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Extremeweatherevents,suchastornadoes,cancausewidespreaddamagetoforests,leadingtoenvironmentalandfinanciallosses.Whentreesfallduringthesestorms,ecosystemsmightbeinfluenced,increasingforestmanagementcosts.Asclimatechangeworsens,severestormsareexpectedtobecomemorefrequent,makingitimportanttounderstandhowforestsrespondtowindstress.(极端天气事件，比如龙卷风，可能会对森林造成大面积破坏，从而导致环境和经济方面的损失。在这些风暴中树木倒塌时，生态系统可能会受到影响，进而增加森林管理的成本。随着气候变化的加剧，预计强风暴将会变得更加频繁，因此了解森林如何应对风力压力变得尤为重要)”可知，第一段主要说明了开展相关研究的现实原因，故选B。【29题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Withthisaim,ateamofresearchersledbyAssociateProfessorKanaKamimura,testedhowtreesmoveundervariousforestarrangementsandweatherconditions,includinghowtreeswithstandwind.(为此，由副教授金木川领导的一组研究人员进行了相关测试，他们考察了树木在各种森林布局和天气条件下（包括树木如何抵御风力）的移动情况)”可知，先前研究探索了树木对风的反应，但不清楚这些反应在不同森林布局中是否相同”。故“configurations”指森林的布局、结构，即“layouts”。故划线词意思是“布局”。故选D。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“Interestingly,thechangebetweenthesetwoswayingpatternsoccurredatdifferentwindspeeds,dependingontheforestdensity.Inthedensearea,thetreesswitchedpatternsatwindspeedsbetween1.79and7.44meterspersecond.Incontrast,inthethinnedplot,thechangeoccurredatslightlylowerwindspeeds,rangingfrom1.57to5.63meterspersecond.(有趣的是，这两种摇摆模式之间的转变发生在不同的风速下，且取决于森林的密度。在茂密的区域，树木在风速介于1.79米/秒至7.44米/秒之间时会改变模式。相比之下，在疏伐过的区域，这种转变发生在稍低的风速下，范围在1.57米/秒至5.63米/秒之间)”可知，在疏伐后的林地中，树木在微风中摆动的模式会发生变化。故选D。【31题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisstudyoffersvaluableunderstandingforbalancingthinningwithwindresistanceinforestmanagementtosupportlong-lastingforestrypractices,andhelpforestsgothroughextremeclimatechanges.(这项研究为在森林管理中平衡树木的稀疏生长与抵御风力提供了宝贵的见解，有助于支持长期的林业实践，并帮助森林应对极端气候变化)”可知，文章最后一段明确指出，该研究为平衡森林疏伐与抗风性提供了见解，有助于更合理的森林管理和长期林业实践。因此，主要目的是为森林管理提供思路，故选C。DThisarticlewaswrittenbyahumanbeing,butAItechnologythatcanautomaticallycreatetextisontheriseinmanyareas.Aspeopledependonsuchthings,ensuringcorrectandclearresponsesandinformationtotheirusersbecomesimportant.Manyfamiliartools,includingChatGPTandothers,appearveryfluentinwhatevertheydeliver,buttheirresponsesoftenincludemade-upcontenttheyproduceandcannotbefullytrusted.Usersunfamiliarwiththetopicmaymistakenlyacceptincorrectinformation,especiallysinceAIpresentsresponseswithconfidenttones.“Youcan’tfailtonoticehowsomeAIsystemscanexplainclearlywhilestillproducingoftensignificanterrors,”ProfessorTakamitsuWatanabefromtheInternationalResearchCenterforNeurointelligence(WPI-IRCN)toldthereporter.“ButwhatstruckmyteamandmewasasimilaritybetweenthisbehaviorandthatofpeoplewithWernicke’saphasia(失语症),wheresuchpeoplespeakfluentlybutdon’talwaysmakemuchsense.ThatcausedustowonderifthewaytheseAIsystemsworkcouldbesimilartothoseofthehumanbrainaffectedbyaphasia,andifso,whattheremindersmightbe.”Toexplorethisidea,theteamusedamethodcalledenergylandscapeanalysis,atechniqueoriginallydevelopedbyphysicistsseekingtovisualize(视觉化)energystates,butwhichwasrecentlyadaptedforneuroscience.Theyexaminedpatternsinrestingbrainactivityfrompeoplewithdifferenttypesofaphasiaandcomparedthemtointernaldatafromseveralpubliclyavailablelargelanguagemodels(LLMs).Andintheiranalysis,theteamdiddiscoversomestrikingsimilarities.ThewaydigitalinformationorsignalsaremovedaroundandguidedwithintheseAImodelscloselymatchedthewaysomebrainsignalsbehavedinthebrainsofpeoplewithcertaintypesofaphasia,includingWernicke’saphasia.“Youcanimaginetheenergylandscapeasasurfacewithaballonit.Whenthere’sacurve(弯曲),theballmayrolldownandcometorest,butwhenthecurvesareshallow,theballmayrollaroundeverywhere,”Watanabeexplained.“Inaphasia,theballrepresentstheperson’sbrainstate.InLLMs,itrepresentsthecontinuingsignalpatterninthemodelbasedonitsinstructionsandinternaldataset.”Theresearchhasseveralreminders.Forneuroscience,itoffersapossiblenewwaytogroupandtrackconditionslikeaphasiabasedoninternalbrainactivityratherthanjustvisiblesigns.ForAI,itcouldleadtobettertestingtoolsthathelpengineersimprovethestructureofAIsystemsfromtheinsideout.Though,despitethesimilaritiestheresearchersdiscovered,theystronglyadvisednottomaketoomanyassumptions.32.ProfessorWatanabecomparesAIsystemswithaphasiapatientstoshow.A.AIsystemscanexplainclearlyB.AIandaphasiabrainsarealikeC.itishardtoimproveAIsystemD.aphasiabrainsareaffectedbyAI33.WhatcanwelearnfromprofessorWatanabe’sresearch?A.LLMshavecopiedhumanthinkingprocess.B.Aphasiapatientscanbecuredforitsobvioussigns.C.Languagesignalsareguidedtocertainareaofbrains.D.Problemsoccurduringtheprocessofsignalmoving.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIOverconfidenceMirrorsHumanBrainConditionB.AIStructureReflectsHowHumanBrainDevelopsC.AIImprovementFollowsHumanBrainResearchD.AISystemReshapesHuman’sWayofSpeaking【答案】32.B33.D34.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员发现人工智能系统的运作方式与患失语症的人类大脑有相似之处，该研究对神经科学和人工智能都有启示。【32题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段TakamitsuWatanabe教授的话“ButwhatstruckmyteamandmewasasimilaritybetweenthisbehaviorandthatofpeoplewithWernicke’saphasia(失语症),wheresuchpeoplespeakfluentlybutdon’talwaysmakemuchsense.ThatcausedustowonderifthewaytheseAIsystemsworkcouldbesimilartothoseofthehumanbrainaffectedbyaphasia,andifso,whattheremindersmightbe.(但让我和我的团队震惊的是，这种行为与韦尼克氏失语症患者的行为有相似之处，这些患者说话流利，但并不总是有意义。这让我们想知道，这些人工智能系统的工作方式是否可能与受失语症影响的人类大脑的工作方式相似，如果是这样，会有什么启示)”可知，Watanabe教授将人工智能系统与失语症患者进行比较是为了表明人工智能和患失语症的大脑有相似之处。故选B项。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“ThewaydigitalinformationorsignalsaremovedaroundandguidedwithintheseAImodelscloselymatchedthewaysomebrainsignalsbehavedinthebrainsofpeoplewithcertaintypesofaphasia,includingWernicke’saphasia.(在这些人工智能模型中，数字信息或信号的移动和引导方式与包括韦尼克氏失语症在内的某些类型失语症患者大脑中一些大脑信号的表现方式非常相似)”可知，数字信息或信号的移动和引导方式与包括韦尼克氏失语症在内的某些类型失语症患者大脑中一些大脑信号的表现方式非常相似，也就是说，在人工智能信号移动的过程中会出现类似于失语症患者大脑中出现的问题。故选D项。【34题详析】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Manyfamiliartools,includingChatGPTandothers,appearveryfluentinwhatevertheydeliver,buttheirresponsesoftenincludemade-upcontenttheyproduceandcannotbefullytrusted.(许多熟悉的工具，包括ChatGPT等，在提供内容时都显得非常流利，但它们的回答往往包含编造的内容，不能完全信任)”以及第二段中“ButwhatstruckmyteamandmewasasimilaritybetweenthisbehaviorandthatofpeoplewithWernicke’saphasia(失语症),wheresuchpeoplespeakfluentlybutdon’talwaysmakemuchsense.(但让我和我的团队感到震惊的是，这种行为与韦尼克失语症患者的行为有相似之处，这类患者说话流利，但并不总是有意义)”可知，文章主要讨论了AI系统的过度自信与人类大脑中失语症患者状态的相似性。故A项“AIOverconfidenceMirrorsHumanBrainCondition(人工智能的过度自信反映了人类大脑的状态)”最符合文章主旨，适合作文章标题。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Impostorsyndromeisthefeelingthatpeoplehavewhentheydoubttheirabilities,evenwhentheyhavebeensuccessfulorhavereceivedpraise.Theyworrythatoneday,everyonewillrealizetheyarefaking(假冒)it.Itwasfirstdescribedin1978,whenresearchersobserveditinsuccessfulbusinesswomen.However,itcanaffectpeopleofallsexesandcareers.Studiesestimatethat82%ofpeopleexperienceitatsomepointintheirlives.____35____Forexample,womenworkinginfieldswithmalemajoritiesorminoritystudentsoftensufferfromit.Peoplewithimpostorsyndromehavesomesharedcharacteristics.____36____Whentheysucceed,theyfrequentlycredittheirsuccesstoluckratherthantheirskills.Manyarealsouncomfortablereceivingpraiseandoftenworkharderthannecessarytoprovetheirworth.Manyfactorscancontributetoimpostorsyndrome.____37____Ch