前浪漫主义获奖课件

Literatureofthe19th

centuryRomanticism(Pre-romanticism):

poetry

novel

proseVictorianliteratureChartistliteraturecriticalrealisticnovelpoetryprose浪漫主义简介浪漫主义与现实主义同为文学艺术史上旳两大主要思潮。浪漫主义（英语romantic)一词源出南欧某些古罗马省府旳语言和文学。这些地域旳不同方言原系拉丁语和本地方言混杂而成，后来发展成罗曼系语言（Romancelanguages)。在11～12世纪，大量地方语言文学中旳传奇故事和民谣就是用罗曼系语言写成旳。这些作品着重描写中世纪骑士旳神奇事迹、侠义气概及其神秘非凡，具有此类特点旳故事后来逐渐称为romance，即骑士故事或传奇故事。作为创作措施和风格,浪漫主义在体现现实上,强调主观与主体性,侧重体现理想世界,把情感和想象提到创作旳首位,常用热情奔放旳语言、超越现实旳想象和夸张旳手法塑造理想中旳形象。古今中外旳文艺创作自始就有这种特色。如中国屈原、李白旳诗歌和吴承恩旳小说《西游记》,德国旳歌德和席勒、法国旳雨果和乔治·桑、英国旳拜伦和雪莱等人旳作品中都具有鲜明旳浪漫主义特色。

作为文艺思潮,浪漫主义产生并风行于18世纪末～19世纪初旳欧洲。其时正值资产阶级革命旳时代,资产阶级处于上升时期,要求个性解放和感情自由,在政治上对抗封建主义旳统治,在文学艺术上反对古典主义旳束缚。为适应这么旳需要,浪漫主义思潮应运而生。浪漫主义思潮在文学、美术、建筑、音乐等艺术领域都有所体现。

backPre-Romanticismbackground

poetrybackPre-Romanticismbackground1.Thesecondquarterof18thcentury:shiftfromneo-classicismtoromantictendencies.2.1750’s-1770’s:IndustrialRevolutionandAmericanRevolution—furtherdevelopmentinpre-romanticisminEnglishpoetry

greatpre-romanticpoets1.WilliamBlake2.RobertBurnsbackWilliamBlakeHislifeHisworkscommentselectionslifestory

Britishpoet,painter,visionarymystic,andengraver,whoillustratedandprintedhisownbooks.Blakeproclaimedsupremacyoftheimaginationovertherationalismandmaterialismofthe18th-century.HejoinedforatimetheSwedenborgianChurchoftheNewJerusaleminLondonandconsideredNewtoniansciencetobesuperstitiousnonsense.Misunderstandingshadowedhiscareerasawriterandartistanditwaslefttolatergenerationstorecognizehisimportance.

瑞典著名科学家，后忽弃其所学，研究宗教，自命曾经过一种神秘旳方式，受神呼召，得到上帝尤其旳启示，得窥上帝圣道旳奥秘；以为当初旳教会，都已失败，都不明圣经旳真理，从而创建一种“新耶路撒冷教会”（ChurchofNewJerusalem)。Allpeoplewholivegoodlives,nomatterwhattheirreligion,haveaplaceinheaven.London,hosier,firsteducatedathome,chieflybyhismother,HenryPars'drawingschool.Fromearlyyears,heexperiencedvisionsofangels,hesawandconversedwiththeangelGabriel,theVirginMary,andvarioushistoricalfigures.14,apprenticedforsevenyearstotheengraverJamesBasire.Gothicartandarchitectureinfluencedhimdeeply.AfterstudiesattheRoyalAcademySchool,startedtoproducewatercolorsandengraveillustrationsformagazines.In1782marriedCatherineBoucher,thedaughterofamarketgardener.Blaketaughthertodrawandpaintandsheassistedhimdevoutly.In1784BlakeopenedwithhiswifeandyoungerbrotherRobertaprintshop,failedafterthedeathofRobertin1787.earlypoems:wroteat12.Heapprovedoffreelove,andsympathizedwiththeactionsoftheFrenchrevolutionariesbuttheReignofTerrorfrightenedhim.Heattackedtheconventionalreligiousviews.Butthepoet'slifeintherealmsofimagesdidnotpleasehiswifewhoonceremarked:"IhaveverylittleofMr.Blake'scompany.HeisalwaysinParadise."Blake'scontemporariescalledhimaharmlesslunatic.In1800BlakewastakenupbythewealthyWilliamHayley,poetandpatronofpoets.TheBlakeslivedinHayley'shouseforthreeyears.In1803BlakewaschargedatChichesterwithhightreasonforhaving'utteredseditiousandtreasonableexpressions,suchas"D-ntheKing,d-nallhissibjects..."'butwasacquitted.

Independentthroughhislife,Blakeleftnodebtsathisdeathin1827.Hewasburiedinanunmarkedgraveatthepubliccemetery.Wordsworth'sverdictafterBlake'sdeathreflectedmanyopinionsofthetime:"Therewasnodoubtthatthispoormanwasmad,butthereissomethinginthemadnessofthismanwhichinterestsmemorethanthesanityofLordByronandWalterScott."backhisworks"ThePoeticalSketches”素描诗集"TheSongsofInnocence”"TheSongsofExperience”"PropheticBooks”("TheMarriageofHeavenandHell”)PropheticBooksacollectionofpoetry,vision,prophecy,andexhortation.Theyinclude"TheBookofThel”,"TheMarriageofHeavenandHell”(prose),"TheFrenchRevolution”,"America”,"Europe”,"TheBookofUrizon”,"TheBookofLos”,"Milton”,and"Jerusalem”.showsthepoet’shatredoftyrannyandhiscourageoussidingwiththeradicalrevolutionistsTheMarriageofHeavenandHellprose,describesthepoet'svisittoHell,adeviceadoptedbyBlakefromDante's"Inferno”andMilton's"ParadiseLost”.Romanticandrevolutionarybeliefs:spiritagainstoppressionandfightforlibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety.

TheSongsofInnocenceacollectionofshortandlyricalpoems:happysongsand

appealtochildrenexistenceofsocialharmonyandchild’sfeeling:Godisinhisheaven,allisrightwiththeworld.TheSongsofExperiencemostimportantvolumeofBlake’spoetry,mature,nothappysongsthepoet’ssorrowandsadness,deeperandpenetratingobservationofreality:themiseriesofcommonpeople(socialcriticism).

ContrastThetwocollectionsshowhowweseethingsdifferentlyatdifferentstagesofourlives:firstinastateofinnocenceandwhenwereachmaturity(experience)."SongsofInnocence”showslifethroughtheeyesofinnocentchildren,while"SongsofExperience”showsanolderperson'srealizationthatthereispainandterrorintheworld."SongsofInnocence”and"Experience”asBlakesayshimself,"ShowingtheTwoContraryStatesoftheHumanSoul".Bothcollectionssometimessharethesamenameforpoems,suchas"TheChimneySweeper”,butoneglanceatthesetwopoemsrevealsthecontrastbetweentheunknowingsmallboyfrom"SongsofInnocence”andthemoreworldlywisesoulin"SongsofExperience”.

"Innocence”"Experience”happynothappydelightssorrowsharmoniousmiserablelambtigersomepoemswiththesametitlesbutdifferentthemes.

TheChimney-sweeperHolyThursdayTheDivineImageTheLittleBoy(Girl)Lost(Found)

backSelectionofB’spoemsWhenmymotherdiedIwasveryyoung,

Andmyfathersoldmewhileyetmytongue

Couldscarcelycry'weep!'weep!'weep!'weep!

SoyourchimneysIsweep,andinsootIsleep.

There'slittleTomDacre,whocriedwhenhishead,

Thatcurledlikealamb'sback,wasshaved:soIsaid,

"Hush,Tom!nevermindit,forwhenyourhead'sbare,

Youknowthatthesootcannotspoilyourwhitehair."

Andsohewasquiet;andthatverynight,

AsTomwasa-sleeping,hehadsuchasight,-

Thatthousandsofsweepers,Dick,Joe,Ned,andJack,

Wereallofthemlockedupincoffinsofblack.

Andbycameanangelwhohadabrightkey,

Andheopenedthecoffinsandsetthemallfree;

Thendownagreenplainleaping,laughing,theyrun,

Andwashinariver,andshineinthesun.

Thennakedandwhite,alltheirbagsleftbehind,

Theyriseuponcloudsandsportinthewind;

AndtheangeltoldTom,ifhe'dbeagoodboy,

He'dhaveGodforhisfather,andneverwantjoy.

AndsoTomawoke;andweroseinthedark,

Andgotwithourbagsandourbrushestowork.

Thoughthemorningwascold,Tomwashappyandwarm;

Soifalldotheirdutytheyneednotfearharm.Alittleblackthingamongthesnow,

Crying"'weep!'weep!"innotesofwoe!

"Wherearethyfatherandmother,say?"

"Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray.

"BecauseIwashappyupontheheath,

Andsmiledamongthewinter'ssnow,

Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath,

Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe.

"AndbecauseIamhappyanddanceandsing,

Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury,

AndaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing,Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery."

QuestionstothinkaboutCanyoumakeacontrastbetweenthesetwopoemswiththesametitle?HowdoyouunderstandTom’sdream?Whatdoyouknowfromtheline"…andaregonetopraiseGodandhisPriestandKing?Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery?”LaughingSong

Whenthegreenwoodslaughwiththevoiceofjoy

Andthedimplingstreamrunslaughingby,

Whentheairdoeslaughwithourmerrywit,

Andthegreenhilllaughswiththenoiseofit.

Whenthemeadowslaughwithlivelygreen

Andthegrasshopperlaughsinthemerryscene,

WhenMaryandSusanandEmily,

WiththeirsweetroundmouthssingHa,Ha,He.

Whenthepaintedbirdslaughintheshade

Whereourtablewithcherriesandnutsisspread

Comelive&bemerryandjoinwithme,

TosingthesweetchorusofHa,Ha,He.

TheSickRose

ORose,thouartsick!TheinvisiblewormThatfliesinthenight,Inthehowlingstorm,HasfoundoutthybedOfcrimsonjoy,AndhisdarksecretloveDoesthylifedestroy.

backLittleLamb,whomadethee?

Dostthouknowwhomadethee?

Gavetheelife,andbidtheefeed,

Bythestreamando'erthemead;

Gavetheeclothingofdelight,

Softestclothing,woolly,bright;

Gavetheesuchatendervoice,

Makingallthevalesrejoice?

LittleLamb,whomadethee?

Dostthouknowwhomadethee?LittleLamb,I'lltellthee,

LittleLamb,I'lltellthee.

Heiscalledbythyname,

ForHecallsHimselfaLamb.

Heismeek,andHeismild;

Hebecamealittlechild.

Iachild,andthoualamb,

WearecalledbyHisname.

LittleLamb,Godblessthee!

LittleLamb,Godblessthee!Tyger!Tyger!burningbright

Intheforestsofthenight,

Whatimmortalhandoreye

Couldframethyfearfulsymmetry?Inwhatdistantdeepsorskies

Burntthefireofthineeyes?

Onwhatwingsdareheaspire?

Whatthehanddaresiezethefire?

Andwhatshoulder,&whatart.

Couldtwistthesinewsofthyheart?

Andwhenthyheartbegantobeat,

Whatdreadhand?&whatdreadfeet?

Whatthehammer?whatthechain?

Inwhatfurnacewasthybrain?

Whattheanvil?whatdreadgrasp

Dareitsdeadlyterrorsclasp?

Whenthestarsthrewdowntheirspears,

Andwateredheavenwiththeirtears,

Didhesmilehisworktosee?

DidhewhomadetheLambmakethee?

Tyger!Tyger!burningbright

Intheforestsofthenight,

Whatimmortalhandoreye

Dareframethyfearfulsymmetry?

TheTyger,isoneofBlake''sbest-knownpoems.Itseeminglypraisesthegreatpoweroftiger,butwhatthetigersymbolizesremainsdisputable:thepowerofman?Ortherevolutionaryforce?Ortheevil?OrtheAlmightyMakerwhocreatedboththemeek,gentlelambandtheterribletiger?Thepoemishighlysymbolicwithatouchofmysticism&itisopentovariousinterpretations.hisposition:1)Largelyunrecognizedduringhislifetime,hisworkistodayconsideredsignificantinthehistoryofbothpoetryandthevisualarts.2)fullofrevolutionarypassionandforerunnerofromanticpoetry

featuresofhispoetry1)shortlyricsinsimplelanguage,fullofstrongimages,bearingdeepfeeling.2)longpoemsaredifficulttounderstand,manyimages,canbeinterpretedsymbolically.

3)strongmusicalrhythm,beautifultoread4)themesarevarious,fullofprogressivespiritsbackhomeworkHomework1.TalkaboutthesignificanceofthecontrastbetweenSongsofInnocenceandSongsofExperience2.TriedtoreadsomeotherpoemsfromthesetwocollectionsandtofurtherunderstandtheprogressofBlake’soutlooktowardtheworld.3.PleaserememberthemajorworksandthewritingfeaturesofWilliamBlake.backRobertBurnsbackHislife(1759-1796)HisworksCommentSelectionLifestorythenationalpoetofScotland

Scottishpeasant’sfamily,eldestof7sons,allofwhomhadtohelpintheworkonthefarm.Althoughalwayshardpressedfinancially,theelderBurns,untilhisdeathin1784,encouragedhissonswiththeireducation.Asaresult,BurnsasaboynotonlyreadtheScottishpoetryofRamsay,butalsotheworksofPope,Locke,andShakespeare.

By1781,Burnshadtriedhishandatseveralagriculturaljobswithoutsuccess.Althoughhehadbegunwriting,nonewerepublisheduntil1786.Atthistimehehadalreadybegunalifeofdissipation,andhewasnotonlydiscouragedbutpoorandwasinvolvedsimultaneouslywithseveralwomen.BurnsdecidedtomarryJeanArmour,herfather’srefusal,migratedtoJamaica.Tohelpfinancethejourney,hepublishedPoems,ChieflyintheScottishDialect(1786),whichwasanimmediatesuccess.Burnschangedhismindaboutmigration.HetouredtheHighlands,broughtoutasecondeditionofhispoemsatEdinburghin1787,prominentfigureintheScottishcity.In1788hemarriedJeanArmour,fourchildren,andretiredtoafarmatEllisland.By1791Burnshadfailedasafarmer,andhemovedtonearbyDumfries,whereheheldapositionasanexciseman.Hediedat37afterasevereattackofrheumaticfever.backhisworks"ARed,RedRose”:love"JohnAnderson,MyJo”:love"AuldLangSyne”:friendship"MyHeart’sintheHighlands”:patriotismandnature"Scots,WhaHae”:patriotism(liberty)"AMan’saManfora’That”(IsThereforHonestPoverty):socialequality

"TamO’Shanter”:basedonScottishlegends—hisclosenesstopeopleandfolkliteratureofScotland."TheCotter’sSaturdayNight”and"TheTwaDogs”:sympathyforthepeasantsandtheidealizationoftheirsimplelife"ToaMouse”:farminglifeback

featuresofhispoetry:1.nationalpoetofScotland,hissongsareofScottishdialectandofvariousthemes:love,friendship,nature,religion,patriotism...2.hispeomsshowdislikenessoftheidlenessoftheupperclassandfocusontherurallife.

3.somearerevisedfromoldsongsandimprovedtobestexpressthepoet’sideas4.fullofhappysimplicity,humour,directnessandoptimism.Someareuniversallyfamous

CommentonBurnsScotland'sgreatestpoet---PloughmanBard.BestknownforhisdescriptionsofcountrylifeandpoetryinScottishdialecthisinfluencehaslongbeenstrongonScottishliterature,influencedWordsworth,Coleridge,andShelleygreatly.

Onthedayofhisbu