山东济南市历下区某中学2025-2026学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东济南市历下区某中学2025-2026学年高一下学期期中英语试题第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。1.Whatdoesthewomanwanttobenow?A.Amodel. B.Adoctor. C.Anengineer.【答案】C【原文】M:IdreamedofbecomingadoctorwhenIwasyoung.W:WhenIwasalittlekid,Iwantedtobeamodel.M:Whataboutnow?W:Anengineer.2.Whydoesthemandrinkmanycupsofcoffee?A.Heissleepy. B.Heisupset. C.Heisthirsty.【答案】A【原文】W:Anothercupofcoffee?That’sthethirdsincelunch.Youmustbereallythirsty.M:Well,Istayedupreallylatelastnight,preparingformypaper.Ijustwanttokeepmyselfawake.3.Whatisthewomanlookingfor?A.Ariver. B.Apark. C.Abridge.【答案】B【原文】W:Excuseme,isthereaparkaroundhere?M:Yes,followthepathrunningalongtherivertothebridge.You’llseeaparkbesideit.4.Whenwillthemanpickupthewoman?A.At6:00. B.At7:00. C.At9:00.【答案】A【原文】M:Hi,Susan.Theplaneisgoingtotakeoffat9o’clock.Passengersarerequestedtocheckintwohoursbeforetheflight.SoI’llpickyouupatsixo’clock.IsthatOK?W:OK.Thankyou.5.WhatmakesLucyunhappy?A.HerEnglishtest. B.Hernewhairstyle. C.Herfriends’opinions.【答案】C【原文】W:What’swrongwithLucy?Sheseemsunhappy.DidshefailtheEnglishtestorshedislikesherhairstyle?M:Neither.Shedoesn’twantanycommentsonherhaircutfromherfriends.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatdidtheboydofirstlastnight?A.Readingtextbooks. B.Listeningtomusic. C.WatchingTV.7.WhatisWimbledonabout?A.Films. B.Tennis. C.Music.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】W:Tony,whatdidyoudolastnight?Didyoustudy?M:Ireadourtextbooksuntil10:30,thenIlistenedtomusicandwatchedTV.W:TV?YoumusthavewatchedWimbledononChannel5.M:Yes,I’mveryfondoftennis,youknow?W:Iwatchedafilm,butitwasn’tinteresting.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman?A.Sheneedstoloseweight.B.Shecanonlyeatvegetables.C.She’llseeadoctorafterthemeal.9.Whatcanthewomaneatbesidesvegetablesalad?A.Beef. B.Cakes. C.Friedfood.10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inahospital. B.Inarestaurant. C.Inabookstore.【答案】8.A9.A10.B【原文】M:CanIhelpyou,Madam?W:IthinkI’llhaveavegetablesaladandacupoflemontea.M:Isthatall?W:Yes.I’moverweight,soIwantalow-fatdiet.Mydoctorsaidmyheartsuffersalotfrommyweight.AndIhavetochangemylifestyle,andloseatleastthirtypoundstokeepitworkingproperly.M:Doyouplannottoeatanythingbutvegetablesalad?W:No,Icaneatfruitandsomebeef.Butmostimportantly,Ishouldnevereatanyfriedfood.M:Thenprobablyyouwon’ttrythedeliciouscakesservedhere.W:That’strue.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Wheredoesthewomanwanttohavelunch?A.Athome. B.Inthemuseum. C.Inarestaurant.12.Whywon’tthespeakersgoshopping?A.Theshopsareveryfar.B.Itwilltaketoomuchtime.C.Theydon’thaveenoughmoney.13.Howwillthespeakersgototheseashore?A.Onfoot. B.Bysubway. C.Bycar.【答案】11.C12.C13.B【详析】W:Whydon’twefirstvisittheartmuseuminthemorning?M:OK.Ilikethatidea.Andwheredoyouwanttoeatlunch?W:HowaboutgoingtoanIndianrestaurant?M:Em...W:Theguiderecommendsonedowntown,afewblocksfromthemuseum.M:Thatsoundsgreat.Afterthat,howaboutvisitingthezoo?Itsaysheretherearesomeuniqueanimalsnotfoundanywhereelse.W:Well,totellyouthetruth,I’mnotreallyinterestedingoingthere.M:Really?W:Yeah.Whydon’twegoshoppinginstead?Therearesupposedtobesomereallyniceplacestopickupsouvenirs.M:Idon’tthinkthat’sagoodidea.Weonlyhavesometraveler’schecksleft,andweonlyhavefiftydollarsleftincash.W:Oh,well,let’stakethesubwaydowntotheseashoreandwalkalongthebeach.M:Soundslikeawonderfulplan.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoforthefirstperiod?A.Do3or4workoutsaweek.B.Runamarathon.C.Dointerestingexercise.15.Whenwillthemanpractiserunning?A.OnMonday. B.OnWednesday. C.OnFriday.16.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Thesportsevents. B.Atrainingschedule. C.Aworkplan.【答案】14.A15.C16.B【原文】W:Thesportsmeetingisin6weeks,actually.Let’sworkoutatrainingscheduleforyou.M:OK.WhatshouldIdo?W:Let’ssee.Forthefirsttwoweeks,youshoulddothreeorfourworkoutseveryweek.Youneedtobike,swim,andrunonceaweek.M:OK.SoI’llbikeonMonday,swimonWednesday,andrunonFriday.W:Soundsgood!M:Thenwhat’snext?W:Thenit’sthesecondperiod.Itwillbetimetoincreasetofiveorsixlongworkoutsaweek.Maybeyoucanrunamini-marathon.M:Wow,that’salotofworktodo.I’mafraidIcan’tmanagetodo.W:Butyou’llbehealthierafterthefirstperiod,andgetusedtodoingthat.M:Ireallyhopeso.MaybestartingfromWeek3.I’llchangetheexercisingtimetomakeitmoreinteresting.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.HowmanyclassesdoesJackhaveonMondays?A.Four. B.Six. C.Ten.18.WhatdoesJackthinkofhischemistryclass?A.Easy. B.Great. C.Uninteresting.19.WhichclassisverydifficultforJack?A.Science. B.Maths. C.English.20.WhatisJack’sfavouritesubject?A.Music. B.Science. C.Physics.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.C【原文】M:Hi,mynameisJack.Ilikemyseniorhighschoollife.I’maGrade10student.I’dliketotalkaboutmycourses.OnMondays,Ihavefourclassesinthemorningandtwoclassesintheafternoon.Thefirstclassismaths.Ilikemaths.It’seasy.Therearetwenty-threestudentsinmymathsclass,includingafewexchangestudentswhocomefromdifferentnations.Chemistryisabitboring.Andtherearetwentystudentsinthatclass.Theteacherlikestowearformalclothesandhelooksnice.MyEnglishclassissmall.OurEnglishteacheralwaysgivesgreatlecturesandIthinkit’sfuntospeakEnglish.Scienceisthebiggestclass.Therearethirtystudentsinthatclass,twentyboysandtengirls.Scienceisveryhard,though.Eachclass,wehaveatest.Idon’tlikethat.ThefirstclassintheafternoonisphysicsandIlikeitbest.Thelastclassofthedayismusic,andweareactiveinthatclass.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThefallto-dolistislong:Thereareapplestobepicked,beerstosip,electionstovotein,andofcourse—somanynewbookstoread!Wesortedthroughthecurrentandupcomingreleasestofind4titlesyoushouldwatchoutforthisfall.Divein!LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)America’sfirstBlackfemaleSupremeCourtjusticewritesamemoirdetailingherearlychildhood,andthehurdlesshefacedcomingupinthelegalworld.(Price:$35)Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)Forthepersoninyourlifeobsessedwithpresidentialbiographies,Boot’snewestbookisadeeplyreportedlookintothelifeofRonaldReagan.Coveringhischildhood,hisHollywoodyearsand,ofcourse,hispresidency,Bootportraysamanthatissomehowbothmoreideologicalandmorepracticalthanwemightthink.(Price:$45)GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)DarrenMatthewsisadetectivepulledoutofretirementforonelastcase.Thistimeit’sthecaseofaBlackcollegestudentmissingfromanallwhitegirls’club.Lockeisalongtimehandatwritingcrimenovels,andthisistheconclusionofherHighway59trilogy(三部曲).(Price:$20)ASunnyPlaceforShadyPeoplebyMarianaEnriquez,translatedbyMeganMcDowell(Sept.17)EnriquezhasmadeanameforherselfblendingsupernaturalhorrorswiththeconcretehorrorsofeverydaylifeinArgentina.Herlastnovelwasnearly600,butthisnewestoneisacollectionofshorts—likeapillowcasefulloftrick-or-treatcandies.(Price:$30)*Purchaseall4booksandenjoya10%discountonthetotalprice.*A$10deliveryfeewillapply.21.WhatdoLovelyOne:AMemoirandReagan:HisLifeandLegendhaveincommon?A.Botharesetinthepoliticalworld.B.BothdescribethepresidencyintheUSA.C.Bothviewthemaincharactersfromthesameperspective.D.Botharegroundedinthecentralfigures’real-lifeexperiences.22.WhatdoweknowaboutAtticaLocke?A.ShefinishedreleasingherHighway59trilogy.B.Shewrotea600storyinthenewestpublication.C.Shewascalledbacktohandleafinalcaseafterretiring.D.Sheintegratedthesupernaturalwithhorrorsindailylife.23.Howmuchwillyoubechargedifyouwanttohaveallthe4booksdeliveredtoyou?A.$130 B.$127 C.$117 D.$107【答案】21.D22.A23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。主要是向读者介绍四本即将在秋季出版的书籍，包括每本书的作者、出版日期以及简要的内容概述。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)部分的“America’sfirstBlackfemaleSupremeCourtjusticewritesamemoirdetailingherearlychildhood,andthehurdlesshefacedcomingupinthelegalworld.(美国首位黑人女性最高法院大法官撰写了一本回忆录，详细讲述了她的童年早期，以及她在法律界成长过程中所面临的障碍)”以及Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)部分的“Forthepersoninyourlifeobsessedwithpresidentialbiographies,Boot’snewestbookisadeeplyreportedlookintothelifeofRonaldReagan.Coveringhischildhood,hisHollywoodyearsand,ofcourse,hispresidency,Bootportraysamanthatissomehowbothmoreideologicalandmorepracticalthanwemightthink.(对于你生活中痴迷于总统传记的人来说，布特的这本新书深入报道了罗纳德・里根的一生。涵盖了他的童年、他在好莱坞的岁月，当然还有他的总统任期，布特描绘了一个在某种程度上比我们想象的更具思想性和更务实的人)”可知，《可爱的一个：凯坦吉・布朗・杰克逊回忆录》是凯坦吉・布朗・杰克逊对自己人生经历的回忆，《里根：他的人生与传奇》是对罗纳德・里根人生经历的描述，两本书都基于中心人物的真实生活经历。故选D。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)部分的“DarrenMatthewsisadetectivepulledoutofretirementforonelastcase.Thistimeit’sthecaseofaBlackcollegestudentmissingfromanallwhitegirls’club.Lockeisalongtimehandatwritingcrimenovels,andthisistheconclusionofherHighway59trilogy(三部曲).(达伦・马修斯是一名侦探，他在退休后被召回处理最后一个案件。这次是一名黑人大学生在一个全是白人女孩的俱乐部失踪的案件。洛克是写犯罪小说的老手，这是她的59号公路三部曲的结局)”可知，阿提卡・洛克完成并出版了她的59号公路三部曲。故选A。【23题详析】细节理解题。根据LovelyOne:AMemoirbyKetanjiBrownJackson(Sept.3)部分的“Price:$35(价格：35美元)”、Reagan:HisLifeandLegendbyMaxBoot(Sept.10)部分的“Price:$45(价格：45美元)”、GuideMeHomebyAtticaLocke(Sept.3)部分的“Price:$20(价格：20美元)”以及ASunnyPlaceforShadyPeople部分中的“Price:$30(价格：30美元)”可知，四本书总价为35+45+20+30=130美元，结合下文的“Purchaseall4booksandenjoya10%discountonthetotalprice.(购买这4本书可享受总价10%的折扣)”可知，打折后的价格为130×(1−10%)=117美元；再根据下文“A$10deliveryfeewillapply.(将收取10美元的送货费)”可知，如果要将这4本书送货上门，需要支付117+10=127美元。故选B。BMygrandmothergrewupinaworlddifferentfromme.Sheexperiencedmanythingsinherlonglife.Thoughshenevertoldstories,herstorieswereinthewaysheate—shesavored(品味)herfood,cherished(珍惜)it.Oftenshewouldbethefirsttositatthedinnertable,andthelasttoleave.Foodhadbeenreallyscarce(缺乏)whenshegrewup.Herstorieswereinthewayshehandedmeluckymoney.Fromayoungage,mygrandmotherwasbroughtuptounderstandtheimportanceofhardworkandthenecessaryofsaving.EveryChineseNewYear,Iwouldbehanded,orsent,asmallredenvelopethatcontainedmoney,butnevermorethantwentydollars.WhenIwasyoung,Ididn’tunderstandwhymygrandmothergavemesuchasmallamountofmoney.AsIgrewolder,Irealizedthatshewasn’tteachingmeaboutmoney,butabouttraditionandhardworkandfamily.Themoneywasinsignificant.IwouldprobablyspenditonanytoythatIwouldlosesoonafter;itwasthemeaningbehindhergiftthatmattered.Itwashersaying,“Iloveyou;IamyourfamilyandIwantyoutoworkhardasyourfamilyhasbeforeyou.”Mygrandmother’sstorieswerelessons.Buttheywerenevertoldinwords.FromthetimethatIwasveryyoung,upuntilshecouldbarelyremembermyname,Irememberhercallingme“goodgirl”.Thosetwolittlewords,inthecourseofmygrowingup,wereaconstantreminderthatIwasstillsoyoung,withstillsofartogo.Nowmygrandmotherisgone,butIseehereveryday.Iseeherinthewomenaroundmeandinthemirror.Sheliveswithme,insideme,andinthelegacies(遗产)thatIwillcreate.AndIknowshewouldbeproud.24.TheAuthor’sgrandmotherspentsomuchtimeeatingatthetablebecause________.A.shehadnoteeth B.shehadnothingtodoC.shewaspreparingtoclearthetable D.shereallywantedtoenjoythefood25.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromthewayhergrandmothergaveherluckymoney?A.Hergrandmotherdidn’thavemuchmoney.B.Hergrandmotherpreferredboystogirls.C.Itwasashametoacceptothers’money.D.Itwasimportantforhertoworkhard.26.Whatdidtheauthorrealizehearinghergrandmothercallher“goodgirl”?A.Shewasreallyagoodgirl.B.Sheneededtocontinuallyimproveherself.C.Sheshouldbeproudofhermannersandbehaviors.D.Shewasalwaysagoodgirlinhergrandmother’seyes.27.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthor’sgrandmotherafterreadingthepassage?A.Shelovedtellingstories.B.Shehadneverworkedinherlife.C.Shesetagreatexamplefortheauthor.D.Shewasameanwomanwithold-fashionedvalues.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者通过回忆表达了对祖母深深的思念，祖母为作者树立了很好的榜样，她的一些做法使自己明白了很多的道理。【24题详析】细节理解题。由第二段“shesavored(品味)herfood,cherished(珍惜)it.Oftenshewouldbethefirsttositatthedinnertable,andthelasttoleave.”可知，祖母品尝着食物，很珍惜食物。她常常是第一个坐在餐桌旁，最后一个吃完离开的。所以作者的祖母花了那么多时间在餐桌旁吃饭，是因为她真的很想享受美食。故选D项。【25题详析】细节理解题。由第三段“AsIgrewolder,Irealizedthatshewasn’tteachingmeaboutmoney,butabouttraditionandhardworkandfamily.Itwashersaying,“Iloveyou;IamyourfamilyandIwantyoutoworkhardasyourfamilyhasbeforeyou.”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者意识到祖母教给自己的不只是关于钱，而是关于传统、努力工作和对家庭的责任。祖母说:“我爱你;我是你的家人，我希望你像你们的家人一样努力工作。所以作者从她祖母给她压岁钱的方式中学到了自己要努力工作，这是很重要的。故选D项。【26题详析】推理判断题。由倒数第二段“Thosetwolittlewords,inthecourseofmygrowingup,wereaconstantreminderthatIwasstillsoyoung,withstillsofartogo.”可知，在作者的成长过程中，这两个字，不断提醒作者，作者还很年轻，还有很长的路要走。由此判断出当作者听到她的祖母叫她“好女孩”时，作者认为她需要不断提高自己。故选B项。【27题详析】推理判断题。由最后一段“Nowmygrandmotherisgone,butIseehereveryday.Iseeherinthewomenaroundmeandinthemirror.Sheliveswithme,insideme,andinthelegacies(遗产)thatIwillcreate.”可知，现在作者的祖母去世了，但作者每天都能见到她。作者在她周围的女人和镜子里看到了她。她和作者生活在一起，活在作则的心里，活在作者要创造的美好明天里。由此判断出，祖母的言行给作者留下了深刻的印象，她为作者树立了很好的榜样。故选C项。CTeenagerswhospendmoretimeonafter-schoolactivitiesandlessthantwohoursofscreentimeafterschoolaremorementallyhealthy,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalPreventiveMedicine.Thestudyusedinformationcollectedfrommorethan28,000seventh-gradeCanadianstudentsbetween2014and2018.Thestudentsfirstansweredquestionsabouttheirusageofscreentimeafterschool,includinghowmuchtimetheyspentwatchingTVorsomethingelse.Then,studentsreportedhowmanydaystheyhadtakenpartinafter-schoolactivitiessuchassportsorartsprogrammes.Afterthat,researchersaskedstudentstodescribetheirstateofmind.Forexample,whengivenastatementsuchas“IstartmostdaysthinkingthatIwillhaveagoodday”,theycouldchoosetowhatleveltheyagreedwithitonascale(等级).Researcherssaidinthestudysomeoftheresultswereexpected.Studentswithnoafter-schoolactivitiesusuallyhadhighlevelsofscreentime,forexample.Andtheyexpectedgirlswouldscorehigheronnegativeindicators(消极指标)ofmentalhealth.asearlierresearchhadfoundthattheytendedtohavehigherlevelsofanxietycomparedtoboys.Whatwasnoteworthy,researcherssay,isthatevenamongstudentswhotookpartinafter-schoolactivities,46%stillwentbeyondtherecommendedscreentimeoftwohours.Atthesametime,67%ofstudentswhodidn’ttakepartinafter-schoolactivitiesalsohadmorethantwohoursofscreentime.Together,thissuggestshighscreentimeamongteenagersgenerally.“Thefindingssuggestthatafter-schoolactivitiesarevaluableforthehappygrowingofteenagers,”thestudysaid.“Whilepaststudieshaveprovedtheimportanceofafter-schoolactivitiesforsocialandacademicdevelopment,thepresentstudyshowstheirimportanceforgoodmentalhealthresults.”28.Whichofthefollowingcamelastwhenstudentstookpartinthenewstudy?A.Talkingabouttheirlifestyles.B.Introducingtheirafter-schoolactivities.C.Reportingtheirmentalstatesonascale.D.Answeringquestionsaboutscreentimeuse.29.Whatdotheresearchersfindaboutteenagegirls?A.Theyoftenhavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.B.Fewofthemtakepartinafter-schoolactivities.C.Anxietyhasbecomeaseriousproblemamongthem.D.Toomuchscreentimemaybemoreharmfultothem.30.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbyusingthenumbersinparagraph4?A.Earlierfindingsaboutscreentimearewrong.B.Highscreentimeiscommonamongteenagers.C.Noafter-schoolactivitiesmeannoscreentime.D.Screensattractteenagersmorethanafter-schoolactivitiesdo.31.Whyareafter-schoolactivitiessoimportantaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Theyaregoodforteenagers’physicalhealth.B.Theyhelptoimproveteenagers’mentalhealth.C.Theyencourageteenagers’socialdevelopment.D.Theyallowteenagerstobecomebetterlearners.【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.B【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述一项研究结果：放学后花更多的时间在课外活动上并且看电子屏幕的时间少于2个小时的学生的心理更加健康。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Afterthat,researchersaskedstudentstodescribetheirstateofmind.Forexample,whengivenastatementsuchas“IstartmostdaysthinkingthatIwillhaveagoodday”,theycouldchoosetowhatleveltheyagreedwithitonascale.(之后，研究人员让学生描述自己的心理状态。例如，当看到“我开始新的一天时，大多会觉得这会是愉快的一天”这类表述时，学生可以在一个等级量表上选择自己对该表述的认同程度)”可知，学生们用量表报告他们的精神状态是最后一步。故选C。【29题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Studentswithnoafter-schoolactivitiesusuallyhadhighlevelsofscreentime,forexample.Andtheyexpectedgirlswouldscorehigheronnegativeindicatorsofmentalhealth.asearlierresearchhadfoundthattheytendedtohavehigherlevelsofanxietycomparedtoboys.(比如，没有课后活动的学生们经常会有更长的时间面对屏幕。并且他们预料到女孩子们在心理健康的消极指标上得分更高，正如以前的研究发现的那样，相对比男孩来说，她们趋向于更加的焦虑)”可知，长时间面对屏幕对女孩子们的心理健康有更大的影响。故选D。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Together,thissuggestshighscreentimeamongteenagersgenerally.(总之，这表明长时间面对屏幕在青少年之间是很常见的)”可知，在第四段作者用那些数字是为了表明长时间面对电子屏幕的情况在青少年之间是很常见的。故选B。【31题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Whilepaststudieshaveprovedtheimportanceofafter-schoolactivitiesforsocialandacademicdevelopment,thepresentstudyshowstheirimportanceforgoodmentalhealthresults.(尽管以前的研究已经证明课后活动对社会和学术发展的重要性，而现在的研究强调了它们对于好的心理健康结果的重要性)”可知，新的研究表明，课后活动对提高青少年的心理健康很重要。故选B。DTheclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物学者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.“Thereasonsarenotentirelyunderstood,butitisprobably,inpart,becausesmalleranimalshaveahighersurfacearearelativetotheirvolumethanbiggeranimalsandcanthusimprovethedissipationoftheextraheat,”hewrites.Brusattesaidthatbecomingsmallerwas“acommonwaythatmammalsdealwithclimatechange”.Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.Thatdoesraisethequestion:Iftemperaturesdorisereallyquickly,mighthumansgetsmaller?AndIthinkthat’scertainlyreasonable.”However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”32.WhatmayclimatechangedotohumanbeingsaccordingtoBrusatte?A.Evolvesmallerfigures. B.Threatentheirhealth.C.Migratetocolderplaces. D.Leadtotheextinction.33.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothetext?A.Everyspeciesofmammalwouldnotgetsmaller.B.Coldfavorssmalleranimalswhilewarmthfavorslargerones.C.Largermammalsloseheatmoreefficientlycomparedtosmallerones.D.Reducingbodysizerepresentsafrequentadaptationstrategyforalltheanimals.34.What’sAdrianLister’sattitudetowardstherecentstudy?A.Concerned. B.Approving. C.Reserved. D.Doubtful.35.What’sthestructureofthispassage?A.Problem—Analysis—Solution B.Phenomenon—Cause—EffectC.Centralargument—Analysis—Conclusion D.Proposedidea—Evidence—Challenge【答案】32.A33.A34.D35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文主要探讨了气候危机对人类体型可能产生的影响。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物学者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.(爱丁堡大学的古生物学家史蒂夫·布鲁萨特教授认为，其他哺乳动物以前对气候变化时期的反应方式可以为我们洞悉人类的未来提供线索。他将人类的潜在问题与早期马的问题进行了比较。随着大约5500万年前气温的升高，早期马的体型变小了)”可知，根据布鲁萨特的说法，气候变化可能会导致人类体型缩小。故选A。【33题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Headded,“That’snottosayeveryspeciesofmammalwouldgetsmaller,butitseemstobeacommonsurvivaltrickofmammalswhentemperaturesriseprettyquickly.”(他补充说：这并不是说每一种哺乳动物都会变小，但当气温上升得非常快时，这似乎是哺乳动物常见的生存技巧。)”可知，并不是每一种哺乳动物都会变小。故选A。【34题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.“Wearenotreallycontrolledbynaturalselection,”hesaid.“Ifthatwasgoingtohappen,you’dneedtofindlargepeopledyingbeforetheycouldreproducebecauseofclimatewarming.Thatisnothappeningintoday’sworld.Wewearclothes,wehavegotheating,wehavegotairconditioningifitistoohot.”(然而，并非所有专家都认为气温上升会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦敦自然历史博物馆的阿德里安·利斯特教授表示，最近的人类遗骸研究所显示的关系并不强。他说：“我们并没有真正受到自然选择的控制。如果这种情况真的会发生，你会发现很多人因为气候变暖而在生育之前就死去了。这在当今世界是不会发生的。我们穿衣服，我们有暖气，如果天气太热，我们还有空调。”)”可知，阿德里安·利斯特教授认为最近的人类遗骸研究所显示的随着其后变暖人的体型会变小的这种关系并不强。由此推知，他对于最近的研究持怀疑态度。故选D。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Theclimatecrisismayleadthehumanracetoshrinkinsize,asmammalswithsmallerframesappearbetterabletodealwithrisingglobaltemperatures,aleadingfossilexperthassaid.(一位著名的化石专家表示，气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小，因为体型较小的哺乳动物似乎更能应对全球气温上升)”可知，文章第一段提出一个观点，即气候危机可能导致人类体型缩小；根据第二段“ProfessorSteveBrusatte,apalaeontologist(古生物学者)attheUniversityofEdinburgh,suggestedthatthewayinwhichothermammalshavepreviouslyrespondedtoperiodsofclimatechangecouldofferaninsightintohumans’future.Hecomparedthepotentialproblemofpeopleascomparabletothatofearlyhorses,whichbecamesmallerinbodysizeastemperaturesrosearound55millionyearsago.(爱丁堡大学的古生物学家史蒂夫·布鲁萨特教授表示，其他哺乳动物此前应对气候变化的方式，或许可以让我们一窥人类的未来。他将人类可能面临的问题与早期马进行了比较，早期马在大约5500万年前气温上升时体型变小了)”和第三段“WritinginTheRiseandReignoftheMammals,Brusattenotesthatanimalsinwarmerpartsoftheworldtodayareoftensmallerthanthoseincolderareas,anecologicalprincipleknownasBergmann’srule.(布鲁萨特在《哺乳动物的崛起与统治》一书中写道，如今生活在世界温暖地区的动物通常比生活在寒冷地区的动物体型小，这就是所谓的伯格曼法则)”可知，文章第二、三段给出了支持这一观点的证据；根据最后一段“However,notallexpertsagreethatrisingtemperaturecausesmammalstoshrink.ProfessorAdrianLister,oftheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,saidtherelationshipshownbytherecenthumanremainsstudyisweak.(然而，并非所有专家都认为气温上升会导致哺乳动物体型缩小。伦敦自然历史博物馆的阿德里安·利斯特教授表示，最近的人类遗骸研究所显示的关系并不强)”可知，文章最后一段对这一观点提出了质疑。因此，文章的结构是：提出观点——证据——质疑。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Readingbookscanbeagreatwaytopickupnewvocabularyanddevelopyourunderstandingofalanguagewhileenjoyingyourtime.____36____Butareyoufeelingconfusedbywhattoread?Herearesomeusefultipsforyou.Forbeginners,Iwouldrecommendstartingwithsomethingshortandsimple.Avoidtheclassics,fortheyoftenuseveryoldEnglishwordsandthethemesaresometimeshardtounderstand.Children’sbookscanbeagreatplacetostartwith.____37____Hisbooksarewritteninperfectrhyme(押韵)andtheyareallveryfunny.Startingwithsomethinglikethismeansyouaremorelikelytofinishthebookandwanttoreadmore.____38____Thisbookisn’ttoodifficultandifyou’veseenthefilm,itmaybeeasiertofollow.Ifyoulikereadingabouthistoricalevents,AnneHolm’sIamDavidisagoodread.Ifyou’renotquitereadytoreadafullbook,whynottryRoaldDahl’sRevoltingRhymes?____39____Or,tryaveryshortbooklikeonefromRogerHargreaves’sMrMenandLittleMissseries.Althoughtheyareintendedforyoungchildren,theyareagoodwaytopickupsomemorebasicvocabulary.Mylastpieceofadviceistoreadsomethingthatinterestsyou.Lookattheshortsummaryofthebookonthebackcoverandseeifitlookslikesomethingthatyouwillenjoy.ThinkaboutthetypethatisinyourownlanguageandfindthattypeinEnglish.____40____A.Forexample,DrSeuss’sbooksaresuretomakeyoulaugh.B.Allinall,thekeytosuccessischoosingtherightbookforyou.C.Itmeansreadingbookscanbringyouknowledgeaswellasfun.D.Howmuchyoucanunderstandabookdependsonyourvocabulary.E.You’remorelikelytoenjoyreadingratherthanseeitasaheadache.F.Formoreadvancedlearners,youcouldtryWonderbyR.J.Palacio.G.Itcontainslotsofshortstories,basedonfairytales,allwritteninrhyme.【答案】36.C37.A38.F39.G40.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍英语阅读选书建议：初学者可读简单童书，进阶者可尝试合适读物，读不完整本可选短篇，建议挑选自己感兴趣的书籍。【36题详析】前文“Readingbookscanbeagreatwaytopickupnewvocabularyanddevelopyourunderstandingofalangua