甘肃嘉峪关市某中学2025-2026学年第二学期二诊考试高三英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1甘肃嘉峪关市某中学2025-2026学年第二学期二诊考试高三英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AFourThemedPracticeProgramsforTeenagersWanttogainmeaningfulpracticalexperiencewhilecontributingtoChina’shigh-qualitydevelopment?Herearefourprogramstailoredformiddleschoolstudentsaged13-17,coveringruralvitalization,greenlow-carbontransitionandcutting-edgetechpopularization.RuralVitalizationEco-PracticeProgram(RVEPP)Time:Everyweekend8:30-12:00(Mar.15-Apr.20)Place:HejiaVillage,Xi’anDetails:Helpplanteconomicsaplings(树苗)inbarrenhills,learnlow-carbonplantingskillsfromlocalagriculturaltechnicians,andinterviewvillagersaboutlifechangesbroughtbyruralvitalization.Welfare:Freeround-triptransportation&lunch;4voluntaryservicehoursperactivityContact:rvepp_xian@163.comNewEnergySciencePopularizationCamp(NESPC)Time:Apr.5-Apr.7(9:00-17:00daily)Place:ShaanxiNewEnergyVehicleExhibitionHallDetails:Visitintelligentproductionlinesofnewenergyvehicles,takepartinsolarpowergenerationexperiments,andattendspeciallecturesonnewproductiveforces(新质生产力)intheenergysector.Welfare:Officialparticipationcertificate;hand-madesolarcarmodelContact:nespc_shaanxi@126.comFee:120yuan(coversactivitymaterialsandinsurance)CampusZero-WasteInitiative(CZWI)Time:Everyweekdayafterschool16:30-17:30Place:LocalcooperativemiddleschoolcampusesDetails:Promotereusablestationeryandtableware,organizecampuswastesortingcompetitions,anddesignlow-carboncampustransformationplans.Welfare:“Low-CarbonPioneer”certificate;2voluntaryservicehoursperweekRequirement:Atleast2daysofparticipationperweekContact:czwi_campus@CommunityDual-CarbonPromotionProgram(CDCPP)Time:EverySaturdayafternoon14:30-16:30Place:Xi’anurbancommunityservicecentersDetails:Teachresidentsdailyenergy-savingtips,popularizeknowledgeofcarbonpeakingandcarbonneutrality(碳中和),andguidecommunitygarbagesorting.Welfare:3voluntaryservicehoursperactivity;environmentalprotectiongiftpackageRequirement:GoodoralcommunicationskillsContact:cdcpp_xacityorg1.WhatisafeatureofRVEPP?A.Itistotallyfree B.ItrunsonlyonweekdaysC.Itoffersasolarcarmodel D.Itneedsgoodcommunicationskills2.TojoinCZWI,studentsmust________.A.Pay120yuaninadvance B.MasterplantingskillswellC.Attend2daysatleastweekly D.Haveaprofessionalcertificate3.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourprograms?A.AllareheldinruralareasB.AllchargenofeesforstudentsC.AllofferofficialcertificatesD.TheyfocusonChina’sdevelopment【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个面向13-17岁中学生的实践项目，涵盖乡村振兴、低碳与科技普及，分别说明了各项目的时间、地点、内容、福利及要求。【1题详析】细节理解题。根据RuralVitalizationEco-PracticeProgram(RVEPP)中“Welfare:Freeround-triptransportation&lunch(福利：往返、交通及午餐免费)”可知，RVEPP的一个特点是该项目完全免费。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据CampusZero-WasteInitiative(CZWI)中“Requirement:Atleast2daysofparticipationperweek(要求：每周至少参加2天)”可知，要加入“校园零废行动”，学生必须每周至少参加2天活动。故选C项。【3题详析】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“WanttogainmeaningfulpracticalexperiencewhilecontributingtoChina’shigh-qualitydevelopment?(想要在为中国的高质量发展做出贡献的同时获得有意义的实践经验吗？)”可知，文章开头点明项目旨在助力中国实现高质量发展以及内容涵盖乡村振兴、低碳转型、科技普及，均围绕中国发展展开。由此可推知，关于这四个项目，我们可以了解到它们都聚焦于中国的发展。故选D项。BItwasaweekaftermymomhadpassedaway,andIdidn’tknowhowtogoonwithlife.SowhenIreceivedanemailfromafriendaboutaracebenefitingcancerresearch,Iignoredit.Itseemedtooclosetotheheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.Butsomethingaboutmyfriend’swords—“Icanhelporganizethewholething”—stuckwithme.Ifeltobligedtoagree.Intheweekstocome,Imanagedtore-entertheworldoftheliving.Icheckedourteam’swebsitedaily,feelingproudeachtimeadonationtickedupourtotal.Iknewmymomwouldhavewanteditthatway.Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.Whentheraceended,Inoticedtherunnersallhadonethingincommon:Therewerebigsmilesontheirfaces.Theymadeitlooksorewardingandeffortless.Iwantedin.SoIenrolledinanotherracetwomonthslater.ConsideringIcouldbarelyrunamile,itwasambitious.ButmyfriendandImadeatrainingplansoIwouldn’tcomeinlast.Ifolloweditreligiouslyanddidn’tletanythinggetinmyway.Runningupanddownthecity’shills,Iwasfloodedwithmemories.Ihadlivedthereaftercollegeandmymotherhadvisitedoften.IpassedBloomingdale’s,recallingthetimesheandIhadgottenintoascreamingargumentthere.IwasabouttobeatmyselfupwhenIrememberedwhatMomhadsaidafterherdiagnosisofcancer.“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.”Herpaper-thinhandshadheldmetightly.Aweightliftedfrommyshoulders.Whentheracedayarrived,Igaveitmyallformymomandforallshehadtaughtmeandcontinuedtoteachme.AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.4.Whydidtheauthorignoretheemailinthebeginning?A.Shefeltithardtofinishtherace.B.Shehadnotimetojoinintheevent.C.Shethoughttheresearchmeaningless.D.Shewasremindedofhermother’sdeath.5.Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorgetthroughhardtimesafterhermom’sdeath?A.Thecompanyofherfriends.B.Theinspirationfromhermom.C.Thepleasureingoingforarun.D.Thesuccessinorganizinganevent.6.Whichofthewordscanbestdescribetheauthor’smom?A.Considerateandpolite. B.Braveandhumorous.C.Strong-willedandcaring. D.Outgoingandpatient.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Everycloudhasasilverlining. B.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Loverememberedgivesstrengthtogoon.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在母亲因癌症去世后，通过参加公益跑步比赛走出悲痛，在奔跑中获得前行力量的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Itseemedtooclosetotheheart,ascancerwasthediseasethathadtakenmymotherawayfromme.(这触动了我的内心深处，因为正是癌症夺走了我的母亲。)”可知，作者一开始忽略邮件是因为这让她想起了母亲的离世。故选D项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.Itwasthisveryspiritthathelpedmegetby.(她是那种永不言败的人。正是这种精神帮助我撑了过来。)”可知，来自母亲的精神鼓舞帮助作者度过了母亲去世后的艰难时光。故选B项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Shewasthetypewhonevergotdefeated.(她是那种永不言败的人。)”以及第六段中的“Idon’twantyoutofeelguiltyaboutanything.(我不想让你为任何事感到愧疚。)”可知，母亲意志坚强且体贴关心孩子。故选C项。【7题详析】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“AsIran,wheneverIfeltlikeslowingdown,Ipicturedhercheeringmeon.Crossingthefinishline,Iwasfilledwithherloveandasenseofpeace.(跑步时，每当我想放慢脚步，就想象她在为我加油。冲过终点线时，我满怀着她的爱与内心的平静。)”可知，被铭记的爱给予了作者继续前行的力量。故选D项。CIn1998,researchersLarryPageandSergeyBrinpublishedapapertitledTheAnatomyofaLarge-ScaleHypertextualWebSearchEngine.Inthepaper,theyanticipatedtheriseofalgorithms(算法).Laterthatsameyear,thetwodevelopedthesearchalgorithm,PageRank,whichrevolutionizedtheearlywebbyprioritizingpagesaccordingtothenumberandtypesoflinksoneachpage.Today,PageRankisstillaround,butithasfallenvictimtoalgorithms.Thebroaderweblandscapehasabandoneditsoriginalpromise:toenableustobethebestandmostgenuineversionofourselves.Instead,we’retrappedinasystemthatemphasizessamenessanddiscouragesindividuality,allatthehandsofalgorithmsthathavegonewild.Algorithmsmakeitimpossibletogoonlinewithoutencounteringcontentthatclaimsit’sbeen“selectedforyou”.Buttheydon’trecognizehowcomplexandever-changinghumantastescanbe.Becauseoftheiroverlysimplisticcalculations,wearerarelyshownanythingnew,different,orexciting.Forexample,Spotifylistenersenduphearingthesamesongsandartistsoverandover.Thecombinationoftheuniversalityofalgorithmsandtheaddictivenessoftheplatformsthreatenstoflattenourindividualtastes.Thealgorithmspushusalltowardthesameideaswhilemakingitharderforfree-thinkersandsubculturestoriseup.Butinnovationrequiresthosewhoarewillingandabletogoagainstalgorithmictrendcycles.Societalinnovationandadvancementatlargewillstagnate(停滞)insuchenvironments.Wealreadyseethishappening.It’swhyeverysinglenewmovieiseitherareboot,remake,requel,prequel,orsequel(续集).Andit’swhytheclothesyoungergenerationsconsidertrendylooksimilartowhatweworeinourchildhood.Undoubtedly,algorithmsareheretostay.Butifwehopetoavoidinnovationstagnation,tastemustbereturnedtoitsrightfulowners.Weallhaveahandinmakingthathappen.8.HowdidLarryPageandSergeyBrinaffectthewebin1998?A.Theybrokeitsoriginalpromise. B.Theyboosteditsdevelopment.C.Theypreventeditfromgoingwild. D.Theyshifteditsfocustoindividuality.9.Whatcanbeknownaboutthealgorithm-controlledcontentwegetaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Itcanalwaysamazeandexciteus. B.Itisbasedoncomplexcalculations.C.Itfeaturesrepetitionandpredictability. D.Itmatchesourever-changingtastes.10.Whyaretheexamplesmentionedinparagraph5?A.Tohighlighttheuniversalityofalgorithms.B.Toanalyzethereasonforalgorithmicstagnation.C.Toexplaintheconceptofalgorithmictrendcycles.D.Toshowhowalgorithmsnegativelyimpactinnovation.11.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toremindustomakefulluseofalgorithms.B.Toencourageinnovationinalgorithmicdesign.C.Todemonstratetheincrediblepowerofalgorithms.D.Tourgeustotrytogetoutofthealgorithmictrap.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章以1998年拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林开发的PageRank算法为切入点，阐述算法如今虽普遍存在，但因其过度简化计算，导致内容重复、缺乏新意，威胁到个人品味与社会创新，作者呼吁人们摆脱算法陷阱。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Laterthatsameyear,thetwodevelopedthesearchalgorithm,PageRank,whichrevolutionizedtheearlywebbyprioritizingpagesaccordingtothenumberandtypesoflinksoneachpage.(同年晚些时候，两人开发了搜索算法PageRank，该算法根据每个页面上链接的数量和类型对页面进行优先级排序，彻底改变了早期的网络)”可知，拉里·佩奇和谢尔盖·布林开发的算法彻底改变了早期网络，推动了网络的发展。故选B项。【9题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Algorithmsmakeitimpossibletogoonlinewithoutencounteringcontentthatclaimsit’sbeen“selectedforyou”.Buttheydon’trecognizehowcomplexandever-changinghumantastescanbe.Becauseoftheiroverlysimplisticcalculations,wearerarelyshownanythingnew,different,orexciting.Forexample,Spotifylistenersenduphearingthesamesongsandartistsoverandover.(算法使得我们上网时不可避免地会遇到声称是“为你精选”的内容。但它们没有意识到人类的品味是多么复杂和多变。由于它们的计算过于简单，我们很少看到新的、不同的或令人兴奋的东西。例如，Spotify的听众最终会反复听到相同的歌曲和歌手)”可知，算法控制的内容具有重复性和可预测性，因为其计算简单，不能匹配人类多变的品味，很少提供新内容。故选C项。【10题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Thealgorithmspushusalltowardthesameideaswhilemakingitharderforfree-thinkersandsubculturestoriseup.Butinnovationrequiresthosewhoarewillingandabletogoagainstalgorithmictrendcycles.Societalinnovationandadvancementatlargewillstagnate(停滞)insuchenvironments.(算法将我们推向相同的想法，同时使自由思想者和亚文化更难兴起。但创新需要那些愿意并能够逆算法趋势周期而行的人。在这样的环境中，社会创新和进步总体上将会停滞)”以及第五段“Wealreadyseethishappening.It’swhyeverysinglenewmovieiseitherareboot,remake,requel,prequel,orsequel(续集).Andit’swhytheclothesyoungergenerationsconsidertrendylooksimilartowhatweworeinourchildhood.(我们已经看到这种情况正在发生。这就是为什么每一部新电影要么是重启版、翻拍版、续作、前传，要么是续集。这也是为什么年轻一代认为时尚的衣服看起来和我们小时候穿的很相似)”可知，第五段的例子是为了说明算法对创新产生了负面影响，导致创新停滞。故选D项。【11题详析】推理判断题。文章开篇介绍算法起源，接着阐述如今算法带来的问题，如内容重复、抑制创新等，最后一段呼吁“Undoubtedly,algorithmsareheretostay.Butifwehopetoavoidinnovationstagnation,tastemustbereturnedtoitsrightfulowners.Weallhaveahandinmakingthathappen.(毫无疑问，算法会一直存在。但如果我们希望避免创新停滞，就必须将品味交还给其真正的主人（即用户自己）。我们每个人都可以为此出一份力)”可知，短文的目的是摆脱算法陷阱，避免创新停滞。故选D项。DChinahasachievedamajorbreakthroughinrenewableenergybylaunchingaworld-recordfloatingwindturbine(涡轮机).Developedbystate-ownedChinaHuanengGroupandDongfangElectricCorporation,thisnewturbinecangenerate17megawatts(MW)ofelectricityeachyear—enoughtopowerabout40,000households.Thisinnovationcouldgreatlyexpandtheuseofwindenergyworldwide,helpingcountriesmoveawayfromfossilfuels.Unliketraditionaloffshorewindturbines,whicharefixedtotheseabedinshallowwaters,thisfloatingmodelcanbeplacedindeepoceanareaswherewindsarestrongerandmoresteady.Theturbinestands152meterstall,withbladesspanning262meters.Eachrotation(旋转)coversanareathesizeof7.5standardsoccerfields,makingithighlyefficient.Byproducingmorepowerperturbine,thisdesignreducesthenumberofturbinesneeded,cuttingcostsandspeedingupthesetupofnewwindfarms.Itisalsobuilttosurvivetoughoceanconditions,includingwavesover24metershighandtyphoonsatlevel17.TheturbinewillsoonundergotestingoffthecoastofYangjianginsouthernChina.Ifsuccessful,itcouldbeusedindeep-waterregionsaroundtheglobe.Mostoftheworld’soffshorewindpotentialliesindeepwater—about80%—wherefixed-bottomturbinescannotbeused.Thismakesfloatingtechnologyimperativeforthefutureofwindenergy.CountrieslikeJapan,whichaimstodevelopupto45gigawattsofoffshorewindby2040,couldbenefitgreatlyfromthistechnology.Floatingwindpowerrepresentsakeysteptowardacleanerenergyfuture.Itallowsmorecountriestoaccesssteady,powerfulwindresourcesfarfromshore,supportingenergyindependenceandreducingcarbonemissions.ThisChinese-builtturbineisnotjustanengineeringachievement—itoffersapracticalsolutionforgeneratinglargeamountsofcleanenergyinplacesonceconsideredunsuitableforwindfarms.Astheworldlooksforwaystofightclimatechange,innovationslikethiswillplayanimportantroleinbuildingasustainablefuture.12.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewfloatingwindturbine?A.Itmaycontributetoglobalsustainableenergy. B.Itisanendresultofinternationalcooperation.C.Itcanprovideelectricityfor6,300homesdaily. D.Itwillmainlygeneratepowerforcoastalcities.13.Howdoesthenewturbinedifferfromtraditionalones?A.Itcanusewindsindeepoceanareas. B.Itismoreaffordabletoconstruct.C.Itrequiresminimalmaintenance. D.Itisfixedtotheseabedinshallowseas.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“imperative”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Standard. B.Vital. C.Distant. D.unrealistic.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howanewpowersourceisbeinglookedinto.B.Whytraditionalwindturbinesarelowinproductivity.C.WhatChina’sbreakthroughisinwindenergytechnology.D.Wheresomecountriesarecompetingforrenewableenergy.【答案】12.A13.A14.B15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在可再生能源领域的重大突破——全球最大功率浮动式风力涡轮机的研发，介绍其技术特点、优势及对全球能源转型的意义。【12题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“Thisinnovationcouldgreatlyexpandtheuseofwindenergyworldwide,helpingcountriesmoveawayfromfossilfuels.(这一创新可能极大扩展全球风能使用，帮助各国摆脱化石燃料)”和最后一段的句子“Astheworldlooksforwaystofightclimatechange,innovationslikethiswillplayanimportantroleinbuildingasustainablefuture.(随着世界寻找应对气候变化的方法，这样的创新将在建设可持续发展的未来中发挥重要作用)”可推断出，该涡轮机对全球可持续能源有贡献。故选A项。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Unliketraditionaloffshorewindturbines,whicharefixedtotheseabedinshallowwaters,thisfloatingmodelcanbeplacedindeepoceanareaswherewindsarestrongerandmoresteady.(与固定在浅水海床上的传统海上风力涡轮机不同，这种浮动模型可以放置在风力更强、更稳定的深海地区)”可知，新型涡轮机与传统涡轮机的不同在于新型涡轮机可利用深海强风。故选A项。【14题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上一句“Mostoftheworld’soffshorewindpotentialliesindeepwater—about80%—wherefixed-bottomturbinescannotbeused(世界上大部分海上风电的潜力都在深水中——大约80%——在那里固定底部的涡轮机无法使用)，可推断浮动技术对未来风能发展“至关重要”。所以划线单词imperative的意义为“至关重要的”，与vital意义一致。故选B项。【15题详析】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是文章第一句“Chinahasachievedamajorbreakthroughinrenewableenergybylaunchingaworld-recordfloatingwindturbine(涡轮机).(中国在可再生能源方面取得了重大突破，推出了一个世界纪录的浮动风力涡轮机)”可知，全文核心是“中国研发出世界最大浮动式风力涡轮机，突破传统技术限制，推动全球风能发展”。选项C“WhatChina’sbreakthroughsisinwindenergytechnology(中国在风能技术上的突破)”准确概括主旨。故选C项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Comparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday,littering(乱丢废物)isoftentakenlightly.Butit’smoreseverethanwemaythink.____16____Thisseemstobeacompletelyharmlessactionduetothefactthatit’spartofafruit—right?Actually,no.Abananapeel(皮)cantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(分解),andwithathirdofdriversadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving,that’sawholelotofbananapeels,ormuchworse.Anorangepeeloracigarettebutthasasimilardecomposingtermtothatofabanana.Buttinandaluminium(铝)canslastupto100years.____17____It’struethatlonger-lastingmaterialswilldamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger.____18____Forexample,despiteitsfairlyshortdecomposingterm,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitterisdiscarded(丢弃)intheUKeveryday.Besides,ourannuallittering,whichhasincreasedby500percentsincethe1960s,hascausedtheUK’sratpopulationtoincreaseby60million.It’snotacheaphabiteither:____19____So,it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtlitteringyoucouldfacea￡20,000fineorevenjailtimeand,ifyouthrowawaysomethingdangerous,thecourtcouldgiveyoufiveyearstoserve.Thepunishmentsmightseemsevere.____20____Sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeoplefollowtherules.Totakebackourbeautifulcountrysideandcitiesweneedtodomorethansimplynotlittering.Weneedtotrulycaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.A.Butwecan’tsimplymeasuretheseriousnessofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.B.Bananapeelsareamongthemostfrequentlitteredstuff.C.Butfearoftheenvironmentalimpactoflitterisontherise.D.Imaginethrowingabananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledriving.E.Andplasticbottleslastforever,asdoglassbottlesandplasticbags.F.TheUKtaxpayerspay￡500millioninordertokeepourstreetsclean.G.However,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000outof825,000werepunished.【答案】16.D17.E18.A19.F20.G【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕乱丢废物（littering）这一环境问题展开，核心观点是强调乱丢废物比人们通常认为的更为严重，并从多个方面阐述了其危害及应对现状。【16题详析】空格后提到“Thisseemstobeacompletelyharmlessactionduetothefactthatit’spartofafruit—right?(这似乎是一个完全无害的行为，因为它是水果的一部分，对吧？)”，空格处需要一个能引出“看似无害行为”的场景。D选项“Imaginethrowingabananapeeloutofyourcarwhiledriving.(想象一下，开车时从车里扔出香蕉皮。)”通过设想一个具体的乱丢香蕉皮的行为，引出后文对该行为是否无害的讨论，符合语境。故选D。【17题详析】前文提到“Abananapeel(皮)cantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(香蕉皮可能需要长达两年的时间来分解)”，“Anorangepeeloracigarettebutthasasimilardecomposingtermtothatofabanana.Buttinandaluminium(铝)canslastupto100years.(橘子皮或烟头与香蕉有类似的分解期限。但锡罐和铝罐的寿命可达100年。)”，都是在列举不同垃圾的分解时间。E选项“Andplasticbottleslastforever,asdoglassbottlesandplasticbags.(塑料瓶几乎永不分解，玻璃瓶和塑料袋也一样。)”继续列举其他垃圾的长时间存在情况，与前文列举不同垃圾分解时间的逻辑一致。故选E。【18题详析】前文说“It’struethatlonger-lastingmaterialswilldamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger.(的确，更持久的材料会对环境和动物造成更长时间的破坏。)”，强调了乱丢废物对环境和动物的危害。空后“Forexample,despiteitsfairlyshortdecomposingterm,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitterisdiscarded(丢弃)intheUKeveryday.Besides,ourannuallittering,whichhasincreasedby500percentsincethe1960s,hascausedtheUK’sratpopulationtoincreaseby60million.(例如，尽管其分解期相当短，但英国每天丢弃的与香烟有关的垃圾超过120吨。此外，自20世纪60年代以来，我们每年乱扔垃圾的数量增加了500%，这导致英国的老鼠数量增加了6000万只。)”具体举例说明了垃圾的危害，A选项“Butwecan’tsimplymeasuretheseriousnessofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.(但我们不能简单地用垃圾的寿命来衡量它的严重性。)”引出后文的垃圾的严重性，承上启下，符合语境，故选A。【19题详析】前文提到“It’snotacheaphabiteither(这也不是一个便宜的习惯)”，说明乱丢废物有经济成本。F选项“TheUKtaxpayerspay￡500millioninordertokeepourstreetsclean.(为了保持街道清洁，英国纳税人支付了5亿英镑。)”具体说明了乱丢废物带来的经济成本，与前文呼应，符合语境。故选F。【20题详析】前文提到“So,it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtlitteringyoucouldfacea￡20,000fineorevenjailtimeand,ifyouthrowawaysomethingdangerous,thecourtcouldgiveyoufiveyearstoserve.Thepunishmentsmightseemsevere.(所以，如果你被抓到乱扔垃圾，你可能会面临2万英镑的罚款，甚至入狱，如果你乱扔危险的东西，法院可能会判你5年监禁，这并不奇怪。惩罚可能看起来很严厉。)”。G选项“However,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000outof825,000werepunished.(然而，在报告的82.5万起案件中，只有2000起受到了惩罚。)”通过具体数据说明虽然惩罚看起来严厉，但实际上受到惩罚的案例很少，与前文形成转折关系，引出后文“Sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeoplefollowtherules.(因此，在确保人们遵守规则方面，我们还有一段路要走。)”。故选G。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。MichaelarrivedinChinafromAustraliawithcuriosity,yetunsureofwhattoexpect.Tohisdelight,Chinadidnot____21____him.Inthewinterof2015,hebeganhis____22____atPekingUniversity,foraone-yearChineselanguagelearningprogram.Henever____23____thatyearwouldextendintoafulldecade—ajourneyofcompletingamaster’s,landingajob,andbuildingalife.Beijing’s____24____mixofoldandnewstruckMichaelimmediately.Modernbuildingsstoodbesideancienthutongs,____25____asocietyfulloflife.Moreimportantly,livinghere____26____hisworldview.Helearnedthattherewasnosinglewaytolive.This____27____camethroughdailylife—whetherthroughthepatienceofastreetsalesmanhelpinghim____28____thelocaltones,orthequietkindnessofanear-strangerwhobroughthimfoodwhenhewasill.Hefoundastrong____29____ofcommunitydifferentfromthemoreself-focusedwayoflifebackhome.WhileMichaelwasadapting,Chinaitselfwastransforming.Michael____30____therapidriseofmobilepayments,sharedbikes,andever-changingcityviews.Eachvisittoafriend’shometown____31____newroads,shops,andpublicbuildings—allclear____32____ofChina’sremarkablespeedofdevelopment.Behindthis____33____arethepeople,whosewarmthandspiritmadeChinaatruehomeforhim.NowMichaelfeelsitaresponsibilitytopromotethegreatcountryhe____34____apersonalthank-youforthetenyearsthat____35____changedhisperspective.21.A.confuse B.interest C.encourage D.disappoint22.A.adventure B.career C.performance D.travel23.A.recommended B.discovered C.imagined D.guaranteed24.A.conventional B.dynamic C.practical D.complicated25.A.explaining B.proving C.reflecting D.meaning26.A.promoted B.directed C.designed D.shaped27.A.insight B.secret C.comment D.message28.A.breakdown B.pickup C.stickto D.putupwith29.A.dream B.picture C.sense D.lifestyle30.A.inspected B.challenged C.expected D.witnessed31.A.revealed B.created C.introduced D.preserved32.A.results B.evidence C.goals D.symbols33.A.opinion B.competence C.progress D.confidence34.A.adjusted B.achieved C.acknowledged D.experienced35.A.entirely B.suddenly C.temporarily D.regularly【答案】21.D22.A23.C24.B25.C26.D27.A28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Michael从澳大利亚来到中国，在中国学习、工作、生活十年的经历及感悟。【21题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：令他高兴的是，中国没有让他失望。A.confuse使困惑；B.interest使感兴趣；C.encourage鼓励；D.disappoint使失望。根据前文“Tohisdelight”可知，中国的情况符合他的期待，没有让他失望。故选D。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2015年冬天，他开始了在北京大学为期一年的汉语学习项目的冒险之旅。A.adventure冒险；B.career职业；C.performance表演；D.travel旅行。根据后文“ajourneyofcompletingamaster’s,landingajob,andbuildingalife”可知，这次留学是一段全新的人生经历，即他开始了一段冒险之旅。故选A。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从未想过那一年会延长到整整十年——完成硕士学位、找到工作、建立生活的旅程。A.recommended推荐；B.discovered发现；C.imagined想象；D.guaranteed保证。根据后文“thatyearwouldextendintoafulldecade”可知，这是超出他最初预期的情况，他从未“想象”过。故选C。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：北京新旧交融的活力立刻给迈克尔留下了深刻印象。A.conventional传统的；B.dynamic动态的，有活力的；C.practical实际的；D.complicated复杂的。根据后文“mixofoldandnew”可知，北京兼具现代感与古韵，呈现出充满活力的风貌。故选B。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现代建筑矗立在古老的胡同旁，反映出一个充满活力的社会。A.explaining解释；B.proving证明；C.reflecting反映；D.meaning意味着。根据前文“Modernbuildingsstoodbesideancienthutongs”可知，现代建筑与古老胡同并存，建筑风貌是社会状态的外在体现。故选C。【26题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，住在这里塑造了他的世界观。A.promoted促进；B.directed指导；C.designed设计；D.shaped塑造。根据后文“hisworldview”可知，生活经历对人的世界观具有塑造作用。故选D。【27题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种洞察力来自日常生活——无论是街头小贩耐心地帮助他学会当地口音，还是陌生人在他生病时给他带来食物的默默善意。A.insight洞察力；B.secret秘密；C.comment评论；D.message信息。前文“Helearnedthattherewasnosinglewaytolive”是他从生活中得到的深刻领悟，根据后文“camethroughdailylife”可知，这种洞察力来自日常生活。故选A。【28题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.breakdown出故障；B.pickup学会；C.stickto坚持；D.putupwith忍受。根据后文“thelocaltones”可知，街头小贩耐心地帮助他学会当地口音，pickupthelocaltones表示“学会方言发音”。故选B。【29题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他发现了一种与国内更以自我为中心的生活方式不同的强烈的社区意识。A.dream梦想；B.picture图片；C.sense感觉；D.lifestyle生活方式。根据后文“ofcommunity”可知，他发现了一种强烈的社区意识，asenseofcommunity是固定搭配，意为“社区意识”。故选C。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Michael见证了移动支付、共享单车和不断变化的城市景观的迅速崛起。A.inspected检查；B.challenged挑战；C.expected期待；D.witnessed见证。根据后文“therapidriseofmobilepayments,sharedbikes,andever-changingcityviews”可知，Michael身处中国，亲眼看到了这些变化。故选D。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次去朋友的家乡，都能看到新的道路、商店和公共建筑——这些都是中国惊人发展速度的明确证据。A.revealed显示，揭示；B.created创造；C.introduced介绍；D.preserved保存。根据后文“newroads,shops,andpublicbuildings”可知，去朋友家乡的过程中看到了新的建设成果，revealed有“呈现、显露”的含义，符合语义。故选A。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.results结果；B.evidence证据；C.goals目标；D.symbols象征。根据后文“ofChina’sremarkablespeedofdevelopment”可知，新的道路、商店等直观体现了中国的发展，是发展速度的“证据”。故选B。【33题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这一进步的背后是人民，他们的温暖和精神使中国成为他真正的家。A.opinion观点；B.competence能力；C.progress进步；D.confidence信心。根据前文“therapidriseofmobilepayments,sharedbikes,andever-changingcityviews”和后文“arethepeople,whosewarmthandspiritmadeChinaatruehomeforhim”可知，前文提到的移动支付、新建筑等都属于中国的发展成果，在这一进步的背后是人民。故选C。【34题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，Michael觉得有责任宣传这个伟大的国家，他亲身经历了这个国家，并对此表示个人感谢，感谢这十年彻底改变了他的看法。A.adjusted调整；B.achieved实现；C.acknowledged承认；D.experienced经历。根据后文“apersonalthank-youforthetenyears”可知，Michael在中国生活了十年，对这个国家有亲身经历。故选D。【35题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A.entirely完全地；B.suddenly突然地；C.temporarily暂时地；D.regularly定期地。根据后文“changedhisperspective”结合前文他世界观的转变和扎根中国的生活状态可知，这十年的经历彻底改变了他的观念。故选A。第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TheYuanyangHaniTerraces(梯田)insouthwestChina’sYunnanProvince,alreadyrecognizedas____36____UNESCOWorldCulturalHeritagesite,werefurtherhonoredbybeingadded____37____the2025WorldHeritageIrrigationStructureslistonSept.10,2025.Thismountainfarmingirrigationsystem,whichhasbeeninplaceforover1,300years,vividlydemonstratestheChinesenation’secological____38____(wise)ofharmoniouscoexistencebetweenhumansandnature.TheYuanyangHaniTerracesarelocatedintheAilaoMountainsalongtheRedRiverinYunnan.This____39____(impress)irrigationsystemcoversanareaof3,740hectares.Accordingtoresearch,theterraces____40____(build)asearlyastheTang.Dynasty.ThelocalHanipeoplecarvedtheterracesalongthemountainslopes(山坡),passingdownth